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教育联展网—中国最实效的教育培训门户网站www.theA.cn2012职称英语理工A试卷本试题来源于教育联展网，更多职称英语资料与考试试题：http://www.thea.cn/xzcyy/一、词汇选项： 1.WealmostranintoaRolls-Roycethatpulledoutinfrontofuswithoutsignaling. A.overtook B.hit C.passed D.found 2.Heshiftedhispositionalittle,inordertoalleviatethepaininhisleg. A.control B.ease C.experience D.suffer 3.Ouraimwastoupdatethehealthservice,andwesucceeded. A.offer B.provide C.fund D.modernize 4.Everyweekthemagazinepresentstheprofileofawell-knownsportspersonality. A.description B.success C.evidence D.plan 5.Alltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesamelayout. A.color B.size C.function D.arrangement 6.Newbornbabiescandiscriminatebetweenaman’sandawoman’svoice. A.treat B.express C.distinguish D.analyze 7.Theweatherwascrispandclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway. A.hot B.heavy C.fresh D.windy 8.Nothingwouldinducemetovoteforhimagain. A.teach B.help C.attract12 教育联展网—中国最实效的教育培训门户网站www.theA.cn D.discourage 9.WhenIheardthenoiseinthenextroom,Icouldn’tresisthaveapeep. A.chance B.look C.visit D.try 10.Hercommentsaboutmenareutterlyridiculous. A.slightly B.partly C.faintly D.completely 11.Hewaswearyoftheconstantbattlebetweenthem. A.fond B.proud C.tired D.afraid 12.Shemovesfromoneexoticlocationtoanother. A.unusual B.familiar C.similar D.proper 13.HehasbeengrantedasyluminFrance. A.protection B.power C.relief D.license 14.Thephotographsevokedmemoriesofour A.stored B.blocked C.erased D.refreshed 15.Thewallsaremadeofhollowconcreteblocks. A.empty B.big C.long D.new 二、阅读判断Europa’swateryunderworld Europa,oneofJupiter’s63knownmoons,looksbrightandicyonthesurface.Butappearancescanbedeceiving:Mileswithinitscracked,frigidshell,Europaprobablyhidesgiantpoolsofliquidwater.Wherescientistsfindliquidwater,theyhopetofindlifeaswell. Sincewecan’tgodivingintoEuropa’sdepthsjustyet,scientistsinsteadhavetoinvestigatethemoon’ssurfaceforcluestowhatliesbeneath.Inanewstudy,scientistsinvestigatedonegroupofstrangeicepatternsonEuropaandconcludedthattheformationsmarkthetopofanundergroundpoolthatholdsasmuchwaterastheU.S.GreatLakes.12 教育联展网—中国最实效的教育培训门户网站www.theA.cn PicturesofEuropa,whichisslightlysmallerthanEarth’smoon,clearlyshowatangled,icymishmashoflinesandcracksknownas“chaosterrains.”ThesechaoticplacescovermorethanhalfofEuropa.Formorethan10years,scientistshavewonderedwhatcausestheformations.Thenewstudysuggeststhattheyarisefromthemixingofvastundergroundstoresofliquidwaterwithicymaterialnearthesurface. ForscientistswhosuspectthatEuropaalsomaybehidinglifebeneathitsicysurface,thenewsaboutthenewlakeisexciting. “Itwouldbegreatiftheselakesharboredlife,”BritneySchmidt,aplanetaryscientistwhoworkedonthestudy,toldScienceNews.“Buteveniftheydidn’t,theysaythatEuropaisdoingsomethinginterestingandactiverightnow.” Schmidt,ascientistattheUniversityofTexasatAustin,andhercolleagueswantedtoknowhowchaosterrainsform.Sincetheycouldn’trockettoEuropatoseeforthemselves,theysearchedforsimilarformationshereonEarth.TheystudiedcollapsediceshelvesinAntarcticaandicycapsonvolcanoesinIceland.ThosefeaturesonEarthformedwhenliquidwatermixedwithice.ThescientistsnowsuspectsomethingsimilarmightbehappeningonEuropa:thataswaterandiceofdifferenttemperaturesmingleandshift,thesurfacefractures.Thiswouldexplainthejumbledicesculptures. “FracturingcatastrophicallydisruptstheiceinthesamewaythatitcausesiceshelvestocollapseonEarth,”SchmidttoldScienceNews.SheandherteamfoundthattheprocesscouldbecausingchaosterrainstoformquicklyonEuropa. Thenewstudysuggeststhatonthismoon,elementssuchasoxygenfromthesurfaceblendwiththedeepbodiesofwater.Thatmixturemaycreateanenvironmentthatsupportslife. 16.TheliquidwaterofanundergroundpoolofEuropaisestimatedxxxxxoftheUSGreatlakes. A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmention 17.ThestrangeicepatternsonEuropaareformedasaresultofaxxxxxundergroundwaterpool. A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmention 18.EuropaisthemostrecentlydiscoveredoneamongJupiter’s A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmention 19.ThesizeofEuropaisabitlargerthanthatofEarth’smoon. A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmention 20.SchmidtandhercolleaguesarethefirstgroupofscientistsxxxxxEuropa. A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmention12 教育联展网—中国最实效的教育培训门户网站www.theA.cn 21.TheformationsonEuropa’ssurfaceareratheruniqueinthe A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmention 22.Theexistenceofliquidwaterisanecessityforalife-support A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmention 三、概括大意与完成句子LearnaboutNobleGases（惰性气体） 1 Haveyoueverriddenonaballoon?Manytouristspotsofferballoonridesinorderforpeopletoseethebeautyofaplacefromabove.Aballooncontainsanoblegascalledhelium(氦).Formerly,balloonscontainedhydrogenbuthydrogenisveryflammableanddangerouswhenuncontrolled.Therefore,peopleshiftedtohelium,whichissafer.Heliumissafebecauseithasthepropertiesofthenoblegases. 2 Peopleoncebelievedthatnoblegasescouldn’tchemicallyreactatall.Forthisreason,theywerecalledinertgases(惰性气体).TheywerealsolistedunderGroup0intheoldperiodictablebecausescientistsbelievedthatthegaseshavezerovalence(价)electronsintheiroutershell.Thiswaslaterproventobeuntruewhensomenoblegascompoundswerediscovered. 3 Thegasesareelements,whichsharesimilarproperties.Thesepropertiesincludebeingmonoatomic,colorless,odorless,beingabletoconductelectricity,andhavinglowchemicalreactivity.NoblegasesincludeHelium,Neon,Argon,Krypton,XenonandRadon.TheseareallfoundinGroup18,intherightmostcolumnoftheperiodictable.Ifyoulookattheperiodictable,youwillnoticethattheseelementsaretheonlyones,whichdonothaveacharge.Heliumhasthelowestmolecular(分子的)weightwhileRadonistheheaviest. 4 Rememberthatchemicalreactionsoccurbecauseatomshavevalenceelectrons,whichareelectronsintheiroutershell.Whentheoutershellis“unfilled”ortherequirednumberofelectronsisnotyetcomplete,theatomismorereactive.Noblegaseshaveafulloutershell,meaningthattheyhavecompleteelectronsintheiroutershell.Thiscompletenumbervaries.Forinstance,theoutershellofHeliumhas2valenceelectronswhiletheoutershellofXenonhas8electrons.Nowadays,thereremainstobeafewnoblegasesbecauseofthelowchemicalreactivityofthesesaidgases. A.whatistheperiodictable? B.Whatarenoblegases？ C.Whatcausesthelowchemicalreactivityofnoblegases? D.Howwerenoblegasesdiscovered? E.Howwerenoblegasesunderstoodinthepast? F.whataretheapplicationsofnoblegases? 5becauseoftheirproperties,noblegaseshavemanyimportantapplications.Theyarewidelyusedinmedicineandindustries.Forinstance,liquidHeliumisusedforsuperconductingmagnets(磁体).Thesemagnetsareveryimportantinphysicsandmedicine.Whenadoctorsuspectsthataperson’sbrainhasbeendamaged,hemightrequestforMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI).MRIallowsthedoctorto“see”thebrain,withoutoperatingonthepatient. 23.paragraph2__E___ 24.paragraph3__B____12 教育联展网—中国最实效的教育培训门户网站www.theA.cn 25.paragraph4___C____ 26.paragraph5___F_____ 27.NoblegasesarenotverychemicallyA 28.AmongtheelementsofnoblegasesHeliumistheB 29.Therequirednumberofelectronsinnoblegases’outershellisD 30.MRImaymakeoperatingonthepatientF A.reactive B.lightest C.important D.complete E.flammable F.unnecessary 四、阅读理解 第一篇 GrossNationalHappiness Inthelastcentury,newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However,onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia,thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist(佛教)culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan,however,wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread,andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then,in1972,anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern,butwithoutlosingitstraditions. KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNationalProduct(GNP).TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases,peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’shappinessincreased,thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier,hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness(GNH). GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare,education,andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy,protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally,peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,stablegovernment. NowthereissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Teenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks,andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2008,KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking,ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally,Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet. Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople,cultures,andland. BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.Brazilianleaderssee12 教育联展网—中国最实效的教育培训门户网站www.theA.cntheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil,perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow. 31.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck? A.Apresident. B.ABuddhistpriest. C.Aking. D.Ageneral. 32.ApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan? A.Tomakeitspopulationgrow. B.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld. C.Tokeepitstraditionsandcustoms. D.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich. 33.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPby A.sellingmoreproducts. B.spendingmoremoney. C.spendinglessmoney. D.providingmorejobs. 34.AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappierifthey A.havenewtechnology. B.haveagood,stablegovernment. C.canchangetheirreligion. D.havemoremoney. 35.Todaymanycountriesare A.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress. B.workingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH. C.takingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress. D.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness. 第二篇 DownloadKnowledgeDirectlytoYourBrain Forthefirsttime,researchershavebeenabletohackintotheprocessoflearninginthebrain,usinginducedbrainpatternstocreatealearnedbehavior.It’snotquiteasadvancedasaninstantkung-fudownload,andit’snotassleekascognitiveinception,butit’sstillanimportantfindingthatcouldleadtonewteachingandrehabilitationtechniques. Futuretherapiescoulddecodethebrainactivitypatternsofanathleteoramusician,andusethemasabenchmarkforteachinganotherpersonanewactivity,accordingtotheresearchers. ScientistsfromBostonUniversityandATRComputationalNeuroscienceLaboratoriesinKyotousedfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging,orfMRI,tostudythelearningprocess.Theywereexaminingtheadultbrain’saptitudeforvisualperceptuallearning,orVPL,inwhichrepetitivetrainingimprovesaperson’sperformanceonaparticulartask.Whetheradultscandothisaswellasyoungpeoplehasbeenanongoingdebateinneuroscience. LedbyBUneuroscientistTakeoWatanabe,researchersusedamethodcalleddecodedfMRIneurofeedbacktostimulatethevisualcortex.Firsttheyshowedparticipantscirclesatdifferentorientations.ThentheyusedfMRItowatchtheparticipants’brainactivity.Theresearcherswerethenabletotraintheparticipantstorecreatethisvisualcortexactivity.12 教育联展网—中国最实效的教育培训门户网站www.theA.cn ThevolunteerswereagainplacedinMRImachinesandaskedtovisualizeshapesofcertaincolors.Theparticipantswereaskedto“somehowregulateactivityintheposteriorpartofthebrain”tomakeasolidgreendiscaslargeastheycould.Theyweretoldtheywouldgetapaidbonusproportionaltothesizeofthisdisc,buttheyweren’ttoldanythingaboutwhatthediscmeant.Theresearcherswatchedtheparticipants’brainactivityandmonitoredtheactivationpatternsintheirvisualcortices. “Participantscanbetrainedtocontroltheoverallmeanactivationofanentirebrainregion,”thestudyauthorswrite,“ortheactivationinoneregionrelativetothatinanotherregion.” Thisworkedevenwhentestsubjectswerenotawareofwhattheywerelearning,theresearcherssaid. “Themostsurprisingthinginthisstudyisthatmereinductionsofneuralactivationpatternscorrespondingtoaspecificvisualfeatureledtovisualperformanceimprovementonthevisualfeature,withoutpresentingthefeatureorsubjects''''awarenessofwhatwastobelearned,”Watanabesaidinastatement. Watanabeandcolleaguessaidthismethodcanbeapowerfultool. “Itcan‘incept’apersontoacquirenewlearning,skills,ormemory,orpossiblytorestoreskillsorknowledgethathasbeendamagedthroughaccident,disease,oraging,withoutaperson’sawarenessofwhatislearnedormemorized,”theywrite. 36.whathaveresearchersbeenabletodowiththehelpofthestudy? A.Discoveraperson’slearningprocessinthebrain. B.Makeapersonknowhowtodosomethingwithoutlearning. C.Setupdifferentlearningpatternsfordifferentpeople. D.Enablepeopletolearnkungfuinstantly. 37.whathelpsapersontodoaparticulartaskbetterinvisualperceptuallearning? A.Testing B.Encouragement C.Self-assessment D.Repetition 38.whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheexperimentparticipants? A.TheylearnedhowtocontrolMRLmachinesintheexperiment B.Theywerenottoldwhattobelearnedintheexperiment C.Theywerepaidtotakepartintheexperiment D.Theywerenotcooperativeintheexperiment 39.thefindingofthestudyismostsignificantinthatlearning A.isfulloffun B.isvisualized C.happensunconsciously D.becomesunnecessary 40.whoaremostlikelytobenefitfromthestudy? A.Teenagers B.Musicians C.Seniorpeople D.Athletes 第三篇12 教育联展网—中国最实效的教育培训门户网站www.theA.cn SmallButWise OnDecember14,NASA1blastedasmallbutmightytelescopeintospace.ThetelescopeiscalledWISEandisaboutaswidearoundasatrashcan.Don''''tletitssmallsizefoolyou:WISEhasapowerfuldigitalcamera,anditwillbetakingpicturesofsomethewildestobjects2intheknownuniverse,includingasteroids,faintstars,blazinggalaxies3andgiantcloudsofdustwhereplanetsandstarsareborn. “I''''mveryexcitedbecausewe''''regoingtobeseeingpartsoftheuniversethatwehaven''''tseenbefore,”saidNedWright,ascientistwhodirectstheWISEproject. Sincearrivinginspace,theWISEtelescopehasbeencirclingtheEarth,heldbygravityinapolarorbit4(thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap5).Itscameraispointedoutward,awayfromtheEarth,andWISEwillsnapapictureofadifferentpartoftheskyevery11minutes.Aftersixmonthsitwillhavetakenpicturesacrosstheentiresky. ThepicturestakenbyWISEwon''''tbelikeeverydaydigitalphotographs,however.WISEstandsfor“Wide-fieldInfraredSurveyExplorer.”Asitsnamesuggests,theWISEcameratakespicturesoffeaturesthatgiveoffinfraredradiation6. Radiationisenergythattravelsasawave.Visiblelight,includingthefamiliarspectrumoflight7thatbecomesvisibleinarainbow,isanexampleofradiation.Whenanordinarydigitalcameratakesapictureofatree,forexample,itreceivesthewavesofvisiblelightthatarereflectedoffthetree.Whenthesewavesenterthecamerathroughthelens,they''''reprocessedbythecamera,whichthenputstheimagetogether. Wavesofinfraredradiationarelongerthanwavesofvisiblelight,soordinarydigitalcamerasdon''''tseethem,andneitherdotheeyesofhumanbeings.Althoughinvisibletotheeye,longerinfraredradiationcanbedetectedaswarmthbytheskin. That''''sakeyideatowhyWISEwillbeabletoseethingsothertelescopescan''''t.Noteverythingintheuniverseshowsupinvisiblelight.Asteroids,forexample,aregiantrocksthatfloatthroughspace—buttheyabsorbmostofthelightthatreachesthem.Theydon''''treflectlight,sothey''''redifficulttosee.Buttheydogiveoffinfraredradiation,soaninfraredtelescopelikeWISEwillbeabletoproduceimagesofthem.DuringitsmissionWISEwilltakepicturesofhundredsofthousandsofasteroids. Browndwarfs8areanotherkindofdeep-spaceobjectthatwillshowupinWISE''''spictures.Theseobjectsare“failed”stars—whichmeanstheyarenotmassiveenoughtojumpstart9thesamekindofreactionsthatpowerstarssuchasthesun.Instead,browndwarfssimplyshrinkandcooldown.They''''resodimthatthey''''realmostimpossibletoseewithvisiblelight,butintheinfraredspectrumtheyglow. 41.WhatissospecialaboutWISE? AItisassmallasatrashcan. BItissmallinsizebutcarriesalargecamera. CItsdigitalcameracanhelpastronomerstoseetheunknownspace. DNeverbeforehasatelescopecarriedadigitalcamerainspace. 42.ThecameraonWISE Aisequippedwithexpensivecomputers. Bproducesimagesofobjectsgivingoffinfraredradiation. Creflectslightvisibletothehumaneyes. Dissimilartoanordinarydigitalcamera.12 教育联展网—中国最实效的教育培训门户网站www.theA.cn 43.Itistruethatinfraredradiation. Aisnotdetectabletohumans. Blooksbrighterthanvisiblelight. Cisvisiblelightreflectedoffanobject. Dhaslongerwavesthanthoseofvisiblelight. 44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutasteroidsisNOTture? ATheWISEtelescopecancatchandtakepicturesofthem. BTheydonotreflectlightthatreachesthem. CTheyfloatthroughspacegivingoffvisiblelight. DTheyareinvisibletoordinarycameras. 45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatbrowndwarfs. Agiveoffinfraredradiation. Barepowerstarslikethesun. Cbecomemassiveandactive DareinvisibletotheWISEtelescope. 五、补全短文TheMysteriesofNazca InthedesertofPeru,300kilometersfromLima,oneofthemostunusualartworksintheworldhasmystified(迷惑)peoplefordecades.F(46)Butfromhighabove,thesemarksarehugeimagesofbirds,fish,seashells,allbeautifullycarvedintotheearth. TheNazcalinesaresodifficulttoseefromthegroundthattheyweren’tdiscovereduntilthe1930s,whenpilotsspottedthemwhileflyingoverthearea.Inall,thereareabout70differenthumanandanimalfiguresontheplain,alongwith900triangles,circles,andlines. Researchershavefiguredoutthatthelinesareatleast1,500yearsold,buttheirpurposeisstillamystery.D(47)However,itwouldprobablybeverytrickytoxxxxxandaspaceshipinthemiddleofpicturesofdogsandmonkeys. Inthe1940s,anAmericanexplorernamedPaulKosoksuggestedthatthedrawingsareachronicle(记录)ofthemovementofthestarsandplanets.C(48)xxxxxanastronomertestedhistheorywithacomputer,buthecouldn’tfindanyrelationbetweenthelinesandmovementsinspace. Anotherexplanationisthatthelinesmayhavebeenmadeforreligiousreasons.xxxxxresearcherTonyMorrisoninvestigatedthecustomsofpeopleintheAndesxxxxxandlearnedthattheysometimespraybythesideoftheroad.It’spossiblethatxxxxx,thelinesofNazcawerecreatedforasimilarpurpose.B(49)Butxxxxxpeoplehaveneverconstructedanythingthisbig. Recently,twootherscientists,DavidJohnsonandSteveMabee,havespeculatedxxxxxlinescouldhavebeenrelatedtowater.Nazcaisoneofthedriestplacesinthexxxxxreceivesonly2cmofraineveryyear.WhileJohnsonwassearchingforxxxxxwatersourcesinthearea,henoticedthatsomewaterwaysbuiltancientxxxxxwereconnectedwiththelines.JohnsonbelievesthattheNazcalinesareagiantxxxxxundergroundwaterinthearea.E(50) A..Scholarsdifferininterpretingthepurposeofthedesigns. B.Thelargestpicturemayhavebeenthesitesforspecialceremonies. C.HecalledNazca“thelargestastronomybookintheworld” D.ASwisswriternamedErichvonDanikenwrotethattheNazcalinesweredesignedasalandingplaceforUFOs. E.Otherscientistsarenowsearchingforevidencetoprovethis.12 教育联展网—中国最实效的教育培训门户网站www.theA.cn F.Seenfromtheground,itlookslikelinesscratchedintotheearth. 六、完型填空SolarPowerwithoutSolarCells AdramaticandsurprisingmagneticeffectoflightdiscoveredbyUniversityofMichigan1researcherscouldleadtosolarpowerwithouttraditionalsemiconductor-basedsolarcells. Theresearchersfoundawaytomakean“optical 51 ,”saidStephenRand,aprofessorinthedepartmentsofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,PhysicsandAppliedPhysics. Lighthaselectricandmagnetic 52 .Untilnow,scientiststhoughttheeffectofthemagneticfieldweresoweakthattheycouldbe 53 .WhatRandandhiscolleaguesfoundisthatattherightintensity,whenlightistravelingthroughamaterialthatdoesnot 54 electricity,thelightfieldcangeneratemagneticeffectsthatare100milliontimesstrongerthanpreviouslyexpected.Underthesecircumstances,themagneticeffectsdevelopstrength 55 toastrongelectriceffect. “Thiscouldleadtoanewkindofsolarcellwithoutsemiconductorsandwithoutabsorptiontoproducechargeseparation,”Randsaid.“Insolarcells,the 56 goesintoamaterial,getsabsorbedandcreatesheat.Here,weexpecttohaveaverylowheatload2.Insteadofthelightbeingabsorbed,energyisstoredinthemagneticmoment3.Intensemagnetizationcanbeinducedbyintenselightandthenitisultimatelycapableofprovidingacapacitivepower 57 Whatmakesthispossibleisapreviouslyundetectedbrandof“opticalrectification,”saysWilliamFisher,adoctoralstudentinappliedphysics.Intraditionalopticalrectification,light''''selectricfieldcausesachargeseparation,orapulling 58 ofthepositiveandnegativechargesinamaterial.Thissetsupavoltage,similarto 59 inabattery. RandandFisherfoundthatundertherightcircumstancesandinrighttypesofmaterials,thelight''''smagneticfieldcanalsocreateopticalrectification.Thelightmustbeshonethrough a 60 thatdoesnotconductelectricity,suchasglass.Anditmustbefocusedtoanintensityof10millionwattspersquarecentimeter8.Sunlightisn''''tthis 61 onitsown,butnewmaterialsarebeingsoughtthatwouldworkatlowerintensities,Fishersaid. “Inourmostrecentpaper,weshowthatincoherentlight9likesunlightistheoreticallyalmost 62 effectiveinproducingchargeseparationaslaserlightis,”Fishersaid. Thisnew 63 couldmakesolarpowercheaper,theresearcherssay.Theypredictthatwithimprovedmaterialstheycouldachieve10percentefficiencyinconvertingsolarpowertouseableenergy.That''''sequivalenttotoday''''scommercial-gradesolarcells. “Tomanufacturemodemsolarcells,youhavetodo 64 semiconductorprocessing,”Fishersaid.“Allwewouldneedarelensestofocusthelightandafibertoguideit.Glassworksfor 65 .It''''salreadymadeinbulk,anditdoesn''''trequireasmuchprocessing.Transparentceramicsmightbeevenbetter.” 51. A.disc B.fiber C.instrument D.battery 52. A.applications B.components12 教育联展网—中国最实效的教育培训门户网站www.theA.cn C.resources D.differences 53. A.concerned B.ignored C.expected D.noticed 54. A.conduct B.produce C.use D.consume 55. A.reactive B.preferable C.due D.equivalent 56. A.light B.electricity C.chemical D.gas 57. A.plant B.source C.equipment D.line 58. A.up B.down C.apart D.together 59. A.this B.those C.that D.these 60. A.material B.device C.detector D.meter 61. A.bright12 教育联展网—中国最实效的教育培训门户网站www.theA.cn B.faint C.visible D.intense 62. A.more B.as C.much D.such 63. A.skill B.technology C.miracle D.prototype 64. A.extensive B.interactive C.selective D.intensive 65. A.all B.some C.others D.both12
