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1、ChapterITheRenaissancePeriod I.应用 DefinitionsoftheLiteraryTerms:1.TheRenaissance:TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thand17thcenturies.ItfirststartedinItaly,withthefloweringofpainting,sc
2、ulptureandliterature.FromItalythemovementwenttoembracetherestofEurope.TheRenaissance,whichmeans"rebirth"or"revival,"isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchasthere-discoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture,thenewdiscoveriesingeographyand
3、astrology,thereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion.TheRenaissance,therefore,inessenceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinte
4、restsoftherisingbourgeoisie,andtorecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch. 2.Humanism:HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.Itsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheancientauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebegi
5、nningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious,intellectualside,fortheGreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Throughthenewlearning,humanistsnotonlysawtheartsofsplendorandenlightenment,butthehumanvaluesrepresentedintheworks.R
6、enaissancehumanistsfoundintheclassicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfections,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion,explore,andenjoy.
7、Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.ThomasMore,ChristopherMarloweandWilliamShakespearea
8、rethebestrepresentativesoftheEnglishhumanists. 3.Spenserianstanza:SpenserianstanzawasinventedbyEdmundSpenser.Itisastanza节ofninelines,withthefirsteightlinesiniambicpentameter五步抑扬格andthelastlineiniambichexameter六步抑扬格
