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1、（book4）Unit1Theicydefender冰雪卫士WordsandExpressions1.raw:adj.coldandwet;notcooked,refined,processed,organizedoranalyzed*TheeventtookplaceonarawFebruarymorning.这块砧板是专门用来切生肉的。（Thiscuttingboardisonlyusedtocutrawmeat.）2.launch:vt.1)startBeginningintheearly1960s,humansla
2、unchedprobes（探查，研究）toexploreotherplanets.2)send(sth.)onitscourse发射*OnOctober4,1957,Sovietscientistslaunchedtheworld’sfirstartificialsatellite,calledSputnik.Collocation:launchanattack(against)发动进攻launchamassivecampaign发动一场大规模的运动launchacompany开一家公司launchthreatsatsb.
3、向某人发出威胁3.efficient:adj.workingwell,quicklyandwithoutwaste雇佣未受良好训练的工人效果是不会好的。（Itisnotefficienttohirepoorlytrainedworkers.）4.conquest:n.conquering,defeatHitlerbadlymiscalculatedwhenheassumedtheconquestoftheUSSRwouldbesimple.1939年德国征服了波兰。（Theyear1939hadwitnessedtheco
4、nquestofPolandbyGermany.）5.retreat:v.movebackorwithdrawwhenfacedwithdangerordifficulty我们采取如下策略：敌进我退，敌退我追。（Weadoptedthefollowingstrategies:Whentheenemyadvances,weretreat:whentheyretreat,wepursue.）6.engage:vt.1)beginfightingwithsb.他们与敌人交战。（Theyengagedtheenemy.）2)dra
5、winto;involve*Wetriedtoengagehiminourconversation,butinvain.3)attractsb.’sinterest*Wefailedtoengageanyactivesupportforourproject.他善良的性情吸引每个人。(Hisgoodnatureengageseveryone.)4)occupy工作占去她很多时间。(Workengagesmuchofhertime.)Pattern：engage(sb.)insth.:(causeto)takepartinst
6、h.*Theyarecurrentlyengagedinlengthytradenegotiations.*Theteachertriedtoengagetheshyboyinconversation.7.crucial:adj.veryimportant(followedbyto)*Amazingly,oursoccerteamwonthevictoryinthecrucialfinalgame.增强消费者信心是经济复苏的关键。(Improvedconsumerconfidenceiscrucialtoeconomicr
7、ecovery.)CF:crucial,critical&decisive这三个词都是形容词,都有“紧要的,紧迫的,重要的”之意。crucial意为决定性的、极重要的，指对关键性事物不断增长的缺乏或需求，或需求紧急情况或危急转折关头。例如：*Wemustpayattentiontothiscrucialtest.我们必须重视这次决定性的试验。critical意为决定性的,与crucial相似，但表示对缺乏程度更精确的估计。在转折关头时比crucial表现出更大的严重性。例如：*Thepatient’sconditionis
8、critical.病人情况危急。decisive意思是决定性的、果断的，只有重要、特殊或决定性效果。例如：*Ourairforcesweredecisiveinwinningthewar.我们的空军对打赢这场战争有决定性的贡献。8.takeagamble:takearisk*Thecompanytook
