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1、博大考神2012年职称英语考试报名辅导综合类A级试题分析(四)收集：博大教育专家来源：http://www.enbroad.com/article-5943.html?page=7第四部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 DNAtesting DNAtestingrevealsthegenesofeachindividualperson.Sincetheearlytwentiethcenturyscientistshaveknownthatallhumancharact
2、eristicsarecontainedinaperson'sgenesandarepassedfromparentstochildren.Genesworkasachemicalinstructionmanualforeachpartandeachfunctionofthebody.TheirbasicchemicalelementiscalledDNA,acopyofwhichcanbefoundineverycell.TheexistenceofgenesandthechemicalstructureofDNAwereunderstoodbythemid-1900s,bu
3、tscientistshaveonlyrecentlybeenabletoidentifyapersonfromjustadropofbloodorasinglehair. OneofthemostimportantusesofDNAtestingisincriminalinvestigation.TheveryfirstuseofDNAtestinginacriminalcasewasin1985inGreatBritain,whenamanconfessedtokillingayoungwomanintheEnglishcountryside.Becausepoliceh
4、adfoundsamplesofthekiller'sDNAatthesceneofthecrime,abiologistsuggestedthatitmightbepossibletocomparethatDNAtosomefromtheconfessor'sblood.Toeveryone'ssurprise,thetestsshowedthathewasnotthekiller.Norwasheguiltyofasimilarmurderthathadhappenedsometimeearlier.Atthatpointheadmittedthathehadconfess
5、edtothecrimesoutoffearandpolicepressure.Thepolicethenasked5,000localmenforsamplesoftheirblood,andDNAtestingrevealedthatoneofthemwastherealmurderer,sothefirstmanwassetfree. In1992,twolawprofessors,PeterNeufeldandBarryScheck,decidedtouseDNAevidencetohelpsetfreesuchmistakenlyconvictedprisoners
6、.Withthehelpoftheirstudents,theycreatedanot-for-profitorganizationcalledtheInnocenceProject.Mostoftheirclientsarepoormen,manyfromracialandethnicminorities.Infact,studieshaveshownthatU.S.judgesandjuriesareofteninfluencedbyracialandethnicbackground,andthatpeoplefromminoritygroupsaremorelikelyt
7、obeconvicted.Someofthesemenhadbeensentencedtodeath,aformofpunishmentusedinthirtyeightstatesoutoffifty(asof2006)。Formostoftheseprisoners,theironlyhopewasanothertrialinwhichDNAtestingcouldbeusedtoprovetheirinnocence. Between1992and2006,theInnocenceP
