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1、药物剂型的分类Theclassificationofdrugdosageforms一.按物态分类Accordingtothematerialclassification将剂型分为固体、半固体、液体和气体等类。固体剂型入散剂、颗粒剂（冲剂）、丸剂、片剂、胶剂等；半固体剂型如内服膏滋、外用膏剂、糊剂；液体剂型如汤剂、合剂（含口服液剂）、糖浆剂、酒剂、酊剂、露剂、注射液等；气体剂型如气雾剂、烟剂等。Thedosageformsaredividedintosolid,semisolid,liquidandgas.Soliddosageformsintopowder,gra
2、nule(granule),pills,tablets,adhesiveagent;semisoliddosageformssuchasoralsoftextract,ointment,paste;liquiddosageformssuchasdecoction,Decoction(includingoralliquidagent),syrup,wine,tincture,lotions,injection;gasdosageformssuchasaerosol,smokeagentetc..由于物态相同，其制备特点和医疗效果亦有相同之处。例如固体剂型多需经粉碎和
3、混合；半固体剂型多需要熔化和研匀；液体剂型多需经提取。疗效方面以液体、气体剂型为最快，固体剂型较慢。Duetothesamestate,itspreparationandmedicaleffectissimilar.Forexample,soliddosageformsmorecrushingandmixing;semisoliddosageformsneedtomeltandresearchsmoothing;liquiddosageformsbyextraction.Effectinliquid,gasdosageformforthefastest,solid
4、dosageformsslowly.这种分类法在制备、贮藏和运输上较有意义，但是过于简单，缺少剂型间的内在联系，实用价值不大。Thisclassificationmethodinthepreparation,storageandtransportationissignificant,butistoosimple,thelackofinternalconnectionforms,oflittlepracticalvalue.二、按制法分类Accordingtotheclassificationsystemoflaw将主要工序采用同样方法制备的剂型列为一类。例如浸出药
5、剂是将用浸出方法制备的汤剂、合剂、酒剂、酊剂、流浸膏剂与浸膏剂等归纳为一类。无菌制剂是将用灭菌方法或无菌操作法制备的注射剂、滴眼剂等列为一类。这种分类法有利于研究制备的共同规律，但归纳不全，而且某些剂型随着科学的发展会改变其制法，故有一定局限性。Themainprocessadoptstheformofcolumnsimilarlypreparedforaclass.Suchasleachingagentismadebyleachingmethodforpreparationofdecoction,mixture,wine,tincture,liquidextra
6、ctandextractagentintoaclass.Sterilepreparationisinjection,willusethesterilizationmethodorasepticpreparationofeyedropsasaclass.Thisclassificationisconducivetothecommonlawofpreparation,butthesumisnotcomplete,andsomedosageformswiththedevelopmentofsciencewillchangeitspreparationmethod,ith
7、ascertainlimitations.三、按分散系统分类Accordingtotheclassificationofdispersedsystem此法按剂型分散特性分类，便于应用物理化学原理说明各类剂型的特点。分类如下。Themethodaccordingtothedosageformdispersioncharacteristicsofclassification,facilitatetheapplicationofphysicalchemistryprincipleexplainsthecharacteristicsofvariousdosage.Clas
8、sifie
