sensation & perception：感觉与知觉

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1、Sensation&PerceptionPsychology2012–Spring2004Sensation&PerceptionSensation–detectionofbasicsensoryexperiencesSounds,touch,smellsPerception–interpretationofsensationsinmeaningfulwaysInterpretingsoundsasmusic,touchasthecatrubbingagainstyou,smellsasdinnercookingSensation&PerceptionSensoryreceptors–spe

2、cializedcellsuniquetoeachsenseorganTheyrespondtoaparticularformofsensorystimulationTransduction–theprocessofconvertingdifferentformsofenergyintoelectricalimpulsesthataretransmittedvianeuronstothebrainDonebythesensoryreceptorsSensoryThresholdsAbsolutethreshold–thesmalleststimulusthatcanbedetectedhal

3、fthetimeDifferencethreshold–thesmallestdifferencebetween2stimulithatcanbedetectedhalfthetimeAKAthejust-noticeabledifference(jnd)Weber’slaw–theabilitytodetectadifferencebetween2stimulidependsonthestrengthoftheoriginalstimulusSensoryadaptation–sensoryreceptorcellsbecomelessresponsivetoaconstantstimul

4、usVisionWavelength–thedistancefromonewavepeaktoanotherPartsoftheEyeCornea–clearmembranecoveringthevisiblepartoftheeye;helpsgatheranddirectincominglightPupil–openinginthemiddleoftheiristhatchangessizetoletindifferentamountsoflightIris–coloredpartoftheeye;controlsthesizeofthepupilDimlight=iriswidens;

5、morelightisletinBrightlight=irisnarrows;lesslightletinPartsoftheEyeLens–structurelocatedbehindthepupilthatfocuseslightenteringtheeyeAccommodation–processbywhichthelenschangesshapetofocusincominglightontheretinaProblemswiththeshapeoftheeyeball=eithernearsightedness(long,thineyeball)orfarsightedness(

6、short,fateyeball)Retina–membranelocatedinthebackoftheeyecontainingthesensoryreceptorsforvisionRods–receptorsoftheeyethatarehighlysensitivetolight,butnotcolor;responsibleforperipheral&nightvisionCones–pointedsensoryreceptorsoftheeyethatdetectcolorvisionandfinedetailsMostconesareconcentratedonthefove

7、a(inthecenteroftheretina)VisualProcessingintheRetinaBipolarcells–specializedneuronsintheretinathatconnectwiththerods&conesandtheganglioncellsGanglioncells–specializedneuronsintheretinathatconnecttothebipola