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1、英国社会阶层的演变 （一）英国的社会阶层随着时代的变化而演变。和其他的国家（比如美国）不同的是，英国的阶层除了钱以外，还和口音、所用词汇，礼仪，服饰类型，以及品味有关。一般用级别符号代表相应的阶层，比如20世纪的时候，ABC1C2DE;21世纪12345678。ThesocialstructureofBritainhasclearlychangedwiththecenturiesanditisdifficulttoadequatelydiscussthetopicinasinglearticle.However,therearespecific
2、classnames,castes,andcategoriesthatarehelpfultodefine. GeneralSocialCastesSomebasiccategoriescoveringmostofthepopulationofBritainaroundthe17thcenturyandarguablywellbeforeandafterareasfollows:BritishCaste社会地位CharacteristicsCottagers佃农andlabourers劳工wereastepbelowhusbandmeninthatthe
3、yhadtoworkforothersforwages.Mayalsoincludevillein农奴佃农Lowestorderoftheworkingcastes;perhapsvagabonds流浪者,drifters流浪者,criminalsorotheroutcasts放逐者wouldbelower.Husbandman农夫；百姓tradesman手艺人orfarmerwhoeitherrentedahomeorheldverylittleland.Somesourcessuggestthelandholdings占有土地ofahusbandma
4、nwereabout30acres.Yeoman小地主Theyeomanclassgenerallyincludedsmallfarmerswhoheldareasonableamountoflandandwereabletoprotectthemselvesfromneighboringlords庄园主etcetera.Theyplayedamilitaryroleaslongbowmen长弓兵（红制服高头盔）帝国时代游戏,etcetera.Gentry贵族们/Gentleman缙绅绅士Thegentryclassgenerallyheldenough
5、assets资产toliveonrentswithoutworking.Iftheyworkeditwasinlaw,aspriests神父；教士,inpolitics,orinvariousotherpursuits.ThetermEsquire绅士wasusedforgentrywhowerenotknighted骑士，武士；爵士.SometimesMerchantcitizensareplacedbetweenYeomanandGentryinearlymodernsocialhierarchy。Knight/Priest/LawyerThedef
6、initionofaknightdependsuponthecenturyinwhichthetermwasapplied.Inveryearlymedievaltimesaknightwasacommonsoldier.Bytheseventeenthcenturyaknightwasamemberofthegentry,andthemilitaryrolewouldbeoneofsheriff州长ofacounty,ororganizingalargerbodyofmilitaryforces.Baronet/Knight(hereditarykni
7、ght,nonpeer)Abaronetwasnotapeer,butthetitleofknightwashereditaryforabaronet.Peer(Noble/Archbishop)Thepeersweregenerallylargelandholders,survivingsolelyoffassets,satintheHouseofLordsandeitherheldcourtorplayedaroleincourtdependinguponthetimeframereferenced.Royal王室；王室成员Amemberofther
8、oyalfamily,aprince,acloserelativeofthequ
