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1、PartI·WaterSupplyandDrainageEngineeringoffersaparticularchallengebecausealmosteveryprocessofwastewatertreatmentthatisdesignedandbuiltbyengineersisunique.·给排水工程提出了特殊的挑战,因为由工程师设计建造的每个废水处理工艺几乎都是唯一的。·BestricttotheexaminationandapprovalofthenewprojectsinHuaiheRiverbasin,andcarryoutth
2、eenvironmentinfluenceassessmentsystem.TheprojectswhicharenotinaccordwiththeTenth-Fiveyearplanshouldnotbeapproved.·严格淮河流域新建项目的审批,实行环境影响评价制度,不符合十五淮河流域水污染防治工作计划的一律不得审批。·Onceaprojecthasbeenidentified,thenextstepisapreliminaryorfeasibilitystudytoconsiderindetailtheimplementationofalt
3、ernatives,togetherwithapproximatecosts.Forexample,watersystemstudyalternativesforaregionmightinclude:(1)possibleserviceareasandcombinations;(2)awell-watersupplywithwatersofteningandironremoval;(3)anuplandlakeorreservoirwithmultipurposeusesrequiringlandquestion,waterrights,andaco
4、nventionalwatertreatmentplant.·确定项目后首先需开展的工作是进行前期和可行性研究,其内容包括考虑实施备选方案的各个环节和估算大致的费用。例如,对某一地区水系统的去研究包括:(1)可能的服务范围及单位;(2)配有水质软化和除铁系统的水井供水系统;(3)需通过征地获取的一个高位湖泊或水库,水的使用权及一个常规水处理厂。·Thegeographiclocationofsomeheavilypopulatedcities,suchasLosAngelesandMexicoCity,makesthemparticularlysusc
5、eptibletofrequentairstagnationandpollution.·像人口非常稠密的洛杉矶和墨西哥城这样地理位置的城市,特别易受空气流动停滞和污染物增加的影响。·Theoretically,devolatilizedtar,beinghydrophobic,remainsonthelocalsurfaceinthepressuredaqueousenvironment,producingauniformcoatingthatsealsthemicroporouslimitsmoisturereapportion。·理论上,经脱挥发酚
6、作用得到的焦油是疏水的,在高压的液相中仍然留在煤的表面,形成一层均匀的油膜,从而封住了煤中的微孔,所以减少了煤对水分的重新吸收。·Theend-products,i.e.,alcoholsandacids,fromthosereactionswillenterthemicroorganismandbemetabolizedbyoxidationreactioncatalyzedbyendo-enzymes.·通过这些反应,最终产品即乙醇和酸进入微生物体内并经胞内酶催化剂氧化而代谢。·Onlythroughinteractionbetweenindust
7、ry,scientists,andgovernmentregulatorswilltruesolutionsbefinallyrealized.·只有通过工业界、科学家和政府部门的共同努力,才能最终得到解决。·TheequipmentemployedinthecommercialtestisshownschematicallyinFig.5.·本次工业试验中所用设备的简图如图5所示。·Theexperimentisanabsolutenecessityindeterminingthebestsludgerecycleratio.·对确定最佳污泥回流比而
8、言,这次实验是绝对必要的·Scientificresearchershavemadeacare