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1、I.INTRODUCTIONKing,MartinLuther,Jr.(1929-1968),AmericanclergymanandNobelprizewinner,oneoftheprincipalleadersoftheAmericancivilrightsmovementandaprominentadvocateofnonviolentprotest.King’schallengestosegregationandracialdiscriminationinthe1950sand1960shelpedconvincemanywhiteAmericanstosup
2、portthecauseofcivilrightsintheUnitedStates.Afterhisassassinationin1968,Kingbecameasymbolofprotestinthestruggleforracialjustice.II.EDUCATIONANDEARLYLIFEMartinLutherKing,Jr.,wasborninAtlanta,Georgia,theeldestsonofMartinLutherKing,Sr.,aBaptistminister,andAlbertaWilliamsKing.Kingattendedloca
3、lsegregatedpublicschools,whereheexcelled.HeenterednearbyMorehouseCollegeatage15andgraduatedwithabachelor’sdegreeinsociologyin1948.AftergraduatingwithhonorsfromCrozerTheologicalSeminaryinPennsylvaniain1951,hewenttoBostonUniversitywhereheearnedadoctoraldegreeinsystematictheologyin1955.King
4、’spublic-speakingabilities—whichwouldbecomerenownedashispositiongrewinthecivilrightsmovement—developedslowlyduringhiscollegiateyears.Hewonasecond-placeprizeinsspeechcontestwhileanundergraduateatMorehouse,butreceivedCsintwopublic-speakingcoursesinhisfirstyearatCrozer.Bytheendofhisthirdyea
5、ratCrozer,however,professorswerepraisingKingforthepowerfulimpressionhemadeinpublicspeechesanddiscussions.III.THEMONTGOMERYBUSBOYCOTTMontgomery’sblackcommunityhadlong-standinggrievances(怨愤)aboutthemistreatmentofblacksoncitybuses.Manywhitebusdriverstreatedblacksrudely,oftencursingthemandhu
6、miliatingthembyenforcingthecity’ssegregationlaws,whichforcedblackriderstositinthebackofbusesandgiveuptheirseatstowhitepassengersoncrowdedbuses.Bytheearly1950sMontgomery’sblackshaddiscussedboycottingthebusesinanefforttogainbettertreatment—butnotnecessarilytoendsegregation.OnDecember1,1955
7、,RosaParks,aleadingmemberofthelocalbranchoftheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),wasorderedbyabusdrivertogiveupherseattoawhitepassenger.Whensherefused,shewasarrestedandtakentojail.LocalleadersoftheNAACP,especiallyEdgarD.Nixon,recognizedthatthearres
