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1、I.INTRODUCTIONKing,MartinLuther,Jr.(1929-1968),AmericanclergymanandNobelprizewinner,oneoftheprincipalleadersoftheAmericancivilrightsmovementandaprominentadvocateofnonviolentprotest.King’schallengestosegregationandracialdiscriminationinthe1950sand1960shelpedconvinc
2、emanywhiteAmericanstosupportthecauseofcivilrightsintheUnitedStates.Afterhisassassinationin1968,Kingbecameasymbolofprotestinthestruggleforracialjustice.II.EDUCATIONANDEARLYLIFEMartinLutherKing,Jr.,wasborninAtlanta,Georgia,theeldestsonofMartinLutherKing,Sr.,aBaptist
3、minister,andAlbertaWilliamsKing.Kingattendedlocalsegregatedpublicschools,whereheexcelled.HeenterednearbyMorehouseCollegeatage15andgraduatedwithabachelor’sdegreeinsociologyin1948.AftergraduatingwithhonorsfromCrozerTheologicalSeminaryinPennsylvaniain1951,hewenttoBos
4、tonUniversitywhereheearnedadoctoraldegreeinsystematictheologyin1955.King’spublic-speakingabilities—whichwouldbecomerenownedashispositiongrewinthecivilrightsmovement—developedslowlyduringhiscollegiateyears.Hewonasecond-placeprizeinsspeechcontestwhileanundergraduate
5、atMorehouse,butreceivedCsintwopublic-speakingcoursesinhisfirstyearatCrozer.BytheendofhisthirdyearatCrozer,however,professorswerepraisingKingforthepowerfulimpressionhemadeinpublicspeechesanddiscussions.III.THEMONTGOMERYBUSBOYCOTTMontgomery’sblackcommunityhadlong-st
6、andinggrievances(怨愤)aboutthemistreatmentofblacksoncitybuses.Manywhitebusdriverstreatedblacksrudely,oftencursingthemandhumiliatingthembyenforcingthecity’ssegregationlaws,whichforcedblackriderstositinthebackofbusesandgiveuptheirseatstowhitepassengersoncrowdedbuses.B
7、ytheearly1950sMontgomery’sblackshaddiscussedboycottingthebusesinanefforttogainbettertreatment—butnotnecessarilytoendsegregation.OnDecember1,1955,RosaParks,aleadingmemberofthelocalbranchoftheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),wasorderedbyabu
8、sdrivertogiveupherseattoawhitepassenger.Whensherefused,shewasarrestedandtakentojail.LocalleadersoftheNAACP,especiallyEdgarD.Nixon,recognizedthatthearres
