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1、www.88doc88.comBirthoftheNetTheInternethashadarelativelybrief,butexplosivehistorysofar.Itgrewoutofanexperimentbeguninthe1960'sbytheU.S.DepartmentofDefense.TheDoDwantedtocreateacomputernetworkthatwouldcontinuetofunctionintheeventofadisaster,suchasanuclearwar.
2、Ifpartofthenetworkweredamagedordestroyed,therestofthesystemstillhadtowork.ThatnetworkwasARPANET,whichlinkedU.S.scientificandacademicresearchers.Itwastheforerunneroftoday'sInternet. In1985,theNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)createdNSFNET,aseriesofnetworksforre
3、searchandeducationcommunication.BasedonARPANETprotocols,theNSFNETcreatedanationalbackboneservice,providedfreetoanyU.S.researchandeducationalinstitution.Atthesametime,regionalnetworkswerecreatedtolinkindividualinstitutionswiththenationalbackboneservice.NSFNET
4、grewrapidlyaspeoplediscovereditspotential,andasnewsoftwareapplicationswerecreatedtomakeaccesseasier.CorporationssuchasSprintandMCIbegantobuildtheirownnetworks,whichtheylinkedtoNSFNET.Ascommercialfirmsandotherregionalnetworkprovidershavetakenovertheoperationo
5、fthemajorInternetarteries,NSFhaswithdrawnfromthebackbonebusiness. NSFalsocoordinatedaservicecalledInterNIC,whichregisteredalladdressesontheInternetsothatdatacouldberoutedtotherightsystem.ThisservicehasnowbeentakenoverbyNetworkSolutions,Inc.,incooperationwit
6、hNSF.HowtheWebWorksTheWorldWideWeb,thegraphicalportionoftheInternet,isthemostpopularpartoftheInternetbyfar.OnceyouspendtimeontheWeb,youwillbegintofeellikethereisnolimittowhatyoucandiscover.TheWeballowsrichanddiversecommunicationbydisplayingtext,graphics,anim
7、ation,photos,soundandvideo. Sojustwhatisthismiraculouscreation?TheWebphysicallyconsistsofyourpersonalcomputer,webbrowsersoftware,aconnectiontoanInternetserviceprovider,computerscalledserversthathostdigitaldataandroutersandswitchestodirecttheflowofinformatio
8、n. TheWebisknownasaclient-serversystem.Yourcomputeristheclient;theremotecomputersthatstoreelectronicfilesaretheservers.Here'showitworks: Let'ssayyouwanttopayavisittothetheLouvremuseumwebsite.F
