资源描述：
《初一地理上册知识点地球和地图（first geography earth and maps）》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、初一地理上册知识点地球和地图（Firstgeographyearthandmaps）Chapter1earthandmapSection1earthandglobe1.Knowtheshapeandsizeoftheearth1.Theprocessofhumanunderstandingoftheearth:thecelestialcircleandtherarr;Theskyislikeahat.Magellanledthefleetaroundtheearthaweek.Earthsatellitephotos.2.Earthshape:15
2、19~1522theMagellanfleetcompletedtheglobaljourneyconfirmingthattheearthwasasphere,andthathewasanirregularspherewithaflatsurfaceoftheequatorialbulge.3.Earth'ssize:Thepolarradiusoftheearth:6357kmEarth'sequatorialradius:6378kilometersEarth'saverageradius:6371kmThelargestcircumfere
3、nceoftheearth:about40,000kilometersEarth'ssurfacearea:551millionsquarekilometersIi.Modeloftheearth—Aglobe1.Globe:peopleimitatetheshapeoftheearthandshrinkittoacertainproportion,makingmodelsoftheearth.Theglobe.Peopleusedifferentcolors,symbolsandwordstorepresenttheshapeandn
4、ameofthegeographyofland,sea,mountain,river,countryandcity.2.Function:theglobecanhelpustoknowthefaceoftheearthandunderstandthedistributionofvariousgeographicalobjectsontheearth'ssurface.Thelatitudeandlongitudelines1.Thefillingline:thecirclewhichisperpendiculartotheearthaxisandc
5、irclestheearthforaweek.Allweftisnotequal,thelongestparallelistheequator,indicatingthedirectionofthings.2.Meridian:asemicirclethatconnectsthenorthandsouthpolesandintersectstheequatorvertically.(allofthemeridianlengthisequal,andjustnorthandsouthdirection,thecoilmustbecorrespondi
6、ngtothetwowarp,namelytwowarpdegreeandis180°,anddividetheearthintotwoequalsemicircle.Longitudeandlatitude:inordertodistinguishbetweenthemeridiansandtheweft,peoplegivedifferentdegreesoflatitudeandlongitude.4.Divisionofobjects:0°Thelongitudeline(thatis,theprimemeridian)is
7、thedividinglinebetweeneastandwest.,0°Thewestlongitudeofthemeridianwest,use“W”Eastlongitudeiscalledeastlongitude.E”Said.5.Thedivisionofthesouthandnorthlatitude:theequator(i.e.0°theweft)isthedividinglinebetweenthenorthandthesouth,andthenorthoftheequatoriscalledthen
8、orthernlatitudes.N”Thesouthoftheequatorissaidtobesouthlatitud
