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1、亨利-明茨伯管理格高管对什么情有独钟（HenryMingexecutivemanagementbylatticehasaspeciallikingforwhat.）Itisgenerallybelievedthatseniormanagersneedcomprehensiveinformation,andaformalmanagementinformationsystemprovidesthemostcomprehensiveinformation.Notlongago,theterm"totalinforma
2、tionsystem"wasfoundeverywhereinthemanagementliterature.Theconventionalwisdomisthatmanagersareattheapexofaformalhierarchy(hierarchical,system).Inkeepingwiththisview,managershaveaccesstoalltheimportantinformationfromahugeintegratedmanagementinformationsystem.B
3、utrecently,thesehugemanagementinformationsystemshavebeenweak,andtheirenthusiasmhasfadedasmanagershavenouseofthesesystemsatall.Ifwelookathowmanagersactuallydealwithinformation,wecanseewhy.Infact,comparedwithdocuments,managerspreferoralmedia,telephoneandconfer
4、ence.Pleaseseethedatabelow:InthetwostudiesinBritain,managersandotherpopulationheadsaccountedfor66%oftheirtimeand80%.,comparedwith78%.,thefiveCEOoftheUnitedStatesFivechiefexecutivestreatmailasanunnecessaryload.AchiefexecutivecameonSaturdaymorninganddealtwith1
5、42e-mailsinjust3hours."Everythingwasdisposedof,"hesaid".Themanagerlookedatthefirstpostletterhehadreceivedthewholeweek--astandardcostreport,soheputitasideandsaid,"Ineverlookatit."."Inmy5weekstudy,thefiveCEOsrespondedimmediatelyto2ofthe40routinereportstheyrece
6、ivedand4ofthe104journals.Mostjournalsreadinjustafewseconds,almostroutinely.Duringmy25daysofobservation,theCEOs,whowereonalargescale,wroteontheirowninitiative-notansweringlettersfromothers-25lettersinall.TheanalysisoftheemailsreceivedbytheCEOsrevealsaninteres
7、tingfact:only13%ofthemessagescanworkimmediately.Sonowwehaveanothermystery:notmuchmailcanprovideusefulinformationaboutthecurrent,suchascompetitors'actions,thetendencyofgovernmentlegislators,ortheratingsoflastnight'sTVprograms.However,itisthisinformationthatdr
8、ivesmanagers,interruptstheirmeetings,andallowsthemtorescheduletheirworkschedules.Seeanotherinterestingdiscovery:managersseemtobeinterestedin"soft"information,especiallygrapevinenews,allkindsofru
