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1、浅谈钢轨接头病害的预防和整治【摘要】：普通线路车间接头病害的形成原因，针对不同的病害采取相应的预防和整治方法，以达到列车的安全、平稳不间断运行及提高钢轨的使用寿命和减少工区的养护。【关键词】：钢轨接头病害原因整治钢轨接头是线路的薄弱环节。机车车辆的轮对通过接头时，因其原因不平顺而产生剧烈震动，加速线路状态的变化，以致形成接头病害。接头病害产生之后，又进一步加剧机车车辆轮对对线路的破坏作用，互为因果，使病害发展加速，养路工区几乎无法应对。影响铁路运营。一、常见接头病害（一）、钢轨接头病害的主要形式有：1、钢轨短部的马鞍型磨耗。磨耗深度一
2、般为0.8mm-1.5mm，长度一般为200-300mm.2、低接头。这种病害一般发生在捣固不良地段，尤其曲线下股比较多见。3、钢轨破损。轨顶面剥落、掉块和螺纹孔裂纹。这种病害多数发生在淬火分界和顶端，以曲线上股多见。4、混凝土轨枕损坏破裂，主要发生在轨下断面。qualityegg,chicken,...Developmentofpoultryindustrywilloccupyacertainareaofland,thereisamodernproductwithcomprehensiverollupof50,000chickens
3、layinghens,coversanareaof14.87hectares(233acres)more(includingOfficeofhatching,broodrearing,andlayingHouse,eggs,feedprocessingworkshop,Office,etc).Thepoultryindustryshouldworkinlandconservation,notaccountedfororlesscultivatedland,wasteland,theprincipleofslopeland.Whenth
4、echickenfarmshouldgenerallynotavailabletolocalarablelandareatodetermineanappropriatelevelofbreedingsizeandnot,asinthepast,firstdeterminethesize,thengototheexpropriation.3.energy-saving,water-savingawarenessinthe1970ofthe20thcentury,thepigandchickenfarmmechanizationinour
5、countryforwardundertheslogan,thecountrystartedbuildingamodernlargechickenfarmsintheclimax.Wasbuiltasthefullyenclosedintensivechickenfarms,usingartificiallight,mechanicalfeedingandmandatoryventilation,asmallnumberofchickenfarmsalsousemechanicalsetseggsandmanure.According
6、tostatistics,fullyenclosedchickencoopperchickenwhentheannualelectricityconsumptionof10-kilowatt•,halfopenedthehenhousewhen•2~5kW(open),whentheentireopeningis0.5kW•,rollingopenshedsat0.45kW•.Henhousetypes,powerconsumptiondifferenceisverybig,adifferenceof10~20.China'sener
7、gysupplyisinshortsupply.Therefore,indeterminingthebreeding,poultryequipmentselectionshouldtakefullconsiderationofenergysavingissues.LackoffreshwaterresourcesinChina,theaverageannualprecipitationis600mm.19882474cubicmetersofwaterpercapitainChina,only1/4ofthepopulationall
8、overtheworld,nowreducedto2300cubicmeters.Hendailywaterintaketoabout1.5~2times,sowhenyou5、道床板结、坍塌沉陷、翻浆冒泥。二、接头病害
