美国文学期末考试复习大纲

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1、美国文学期末考试复习大纲Ⅰ.文学史1.AmericanPuritanism(美国请教主义):PuritanismwasareligiousreformmovementthatarosewithintheChurchofEnglandinthelate16thcentury.I.Background:Puritanism1.featuresofPuritanism(1)Predestination:Goddecidedeverythingbeforethingsoccurred.(2)Originalsin:Humanbeingswereborntobeevil,andthisori

2、ginalsincanbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.(3)Totaldepravity(4)Limitedatonement:Onlythe“elect”canbesaved.2.Influence(1)Agroupofgoodqualities–hardwork,thrift,piety,sobriety(seriousandthoughtful)influencedAmericanliterature.(2)Itledtotheeverlastingmyth.Allliteratureisbasedonamyth–gardenof

3、Eden.(3)Symbolism:theAmericanpuritan’smetaphoricalmodeofperceptionwaschieflyinstrumentalincallingintobeingaliterarysymbolismwhichisdistinctlyAmerican.(4)Withregardtotheirwriting,thestyleisfresh,simpleanddirect;therhetoricisplainandhonest,notwithoutatouchofnobilityoftentraceabletothedirectinflu

4、enceoftheBible.II.Overviewoftheliterature1.typesofwriting:diaries,histories,journals,letters,travelbooks,autobiographies/biographies,sermons2.writersofcolonialperiod(1)AnneBradstreet(2)EdwardTaylor(3)RogerWilliams(4)JohnWoolman(5)ThomasPaine(6)PhilipFreneau(7)JonathanEdwards(8)BenjaminFranklin

5、2.AmericanEnlightenment(美国启蒙运动):Enlightenmentisaphilosophicalmovementofthe18thcenturythatemphasizedtheuseofreasontoscrutinizepreviouslyaccepteddoctrinesandtraditionsandthatbroughtaboutmanyhumanitarianreforms.TheAmericanEnlightenmentisatermsometimesemployedtodescribetheintellectualcultureoftheB

6、ritishNorthAmericancoloniesandtheearlyUnitedStates(astheybecamefollowingtheAmericanRevolution).Itiscommonlydatedfrom1750—1820.AmongtheleadingintellectualfiguresofthisperiodareThomasJeffersonandJamesMadison.DemocraticOriginsandRevolutionaryWriters,1776—18201.Background:AmericanRevolution——histo

7、ricalEuropeanEnlightenment2.BasicAssumptions:(1)Regard“enlightenment”or“education”astheprinciplemeansfordevelopmentofsociety(2)Showconcernforcivilrights,democracyingovernmentandtoleranceratherthanearlierreligiousmysticism(3)Reconsiderth