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1、河南城建学院毕业论文(设计)摘要合成氨生产任务设计决定了生产合成氨的规模,设备的要求以及工艺流程的状况。本设计所采用的方法是半水煤气合成法,其主要原料是煤和氮气,利用煤来生成氢气,而本设计主要是对合成塔工段的设计,故所用原料直接采用氮气和氢气,其以合成塔为主要设备,在氨冷器、水冷器、气—气交换器、循环机、分离器、冷凝塔等辅助设备的作用下,以四氧化三铁为触媒,在485—500℃的高温条件下来制得氨气。第一步是造气,即制备含有氢、氮的原料气;第二步是净化,不论选择什么原料,用什么方法造气,都必须对原料气
2、进行净化处理,以除去氢、氮以外的杂质;第三步是压缩和合成,将纯净的氢、氮混合压缩到高压,在铁催化剂与高温条件下合成为氨。目前氨合成的方法,由于采用的压力、温度和催化剂种类的不同,一般可分为低压法、中压法和高压法三种。本设计要求要掌握合成塔的工作原理,生产的工艺路线,并能根据工艺指标进行操作计算。在工艺计算过程中,包含物料衡算,热量衡算及设备选型计算等,在合成效率方面也有进一步研究。关键词:合成氨氮气氢气氩气甲烷物料计算热量计算催化剂64河南城建学院毕业论文(设计)AbstractAmmoniapro
3、ductiondesigndeterminesthesizeoftheproductionofsyntheticammonia,equipmentrequirements,aswellasthestatusprocess.Thedesignofthemethodusedwassemi-watergassynthesis,themainrawmaterialiscoalandnitrogen,theuseofcoaltogeneratehydrogen,whilethedesignisasynthes
4、isofthemainsectionofthetowerdesign,itisthedirectuseofrawmaterialsusedinnitrogenandhydrogen,itssynthesistowerasthemainequipment,intheammoniacooler,watercoolers,gas-gasexchange,recyclingmachines,separators,auxiliaryequipment,suchascondensationofthetoweru
5、nderthefourironoxidecatalyst,inthehigh-temperatureconditionsof485-500℃obtainedfromammonia.Thefirststepistobuildgas,Preparationthatcontainshydrogen,nitrogengas;secondstepispurification,regardlessofwhatmaterials,whatmethodsofgasmustbecarriedoutonthefeedg
6、aspurificationtoremovehydrogenandnitrogenimpuritiesoutside;thirdstepistocompressandsynthetic,willbepurehydrogen,nitrogen,mixed-compressiontohighpressureandhightemperatureintheironcatalystforammoniasynthesisconditions.Thecurrentmethodofammoniasynthesis,
7、theuseofpressure,temperatureanddifferenttypesofcatalyst,thegenerallawcanbedividedintolow-voltage,mediumvoltageandhigh-pressuremethodthree.Designrequirementsofthetowertogettheworkingprincipleofsynthesis,theprocessofproductionline,andcanoperateinaccordan
8、cewiththecalculationprocessindicators.Calculationintheprocess,includingmaterialbalance,heatbalancecalculationsandequipmentselection.Theuseofammoniaproductionandthewastegeneratedinthisdesignhasalsomentionedthattheefficiencyofthesynthesis