学校里最近出了一件绯闻

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1、AnIntroductiontoDiscourseAnalysisChengXiaotangBeijingNormalUniversityLecture4:CohesionWhybothwithcohesion?Cohesionisoneofthemostimportantfeaturesofnaturaldiscourse.Cohesivedevicesareextensivelyusedindiscourse.Lackofcohesionmayleadtoincoherenceindiscourse.Beforewestart…Lookattheseexamples.A

2、retheynatural?Aretheymeaningful?JohntookJohn’shatoffandhungJohn’shatonapeg.IfyouseeMary,tellMarythatIwanttoseeMary.Sowepushedhimundertheotherone.Washandcoresixcookingapples.Putthemintoafireproofdish.Washandcoresixcookingapples.Puttheapplesintoafireproofdish.--Wouldyoulikesometea?--Yes.Iwould

3、likesometea.--DidIhurtyourfeelings?--Yes,youhurtmyfeelings.--Ididn’tmeantohurtyourfeelings.Lyingonthefloor.--WhatwasJohndoingwhenyoucamein?--Lyingonthefloor.--Whatisyourfavouritepastime?--Lyingonthefloor.Readthefollowing“story”1Onceuponatimetherewasalittlewhitemousecalled“tiptoe”.2Theboysliv

4、edinalarge,red-brickedhousewithathatchedroofattheendofthelongeststreetintown.3ThatmorningMrs.Smookslefthomeinagreathurry.4But,toolate,Williamrealizedthatthecarhadnobrakes.5Sotheyranandtheyranandtheyranuntilthegiantgotsotiredthathecouldn’tfollowthemanymore.6“whatanexcitingday!”shesighed.7Ands

5、ohenevergoesalonetotheshopsanymore.Whatiscohesion?Cohesionreferstorelationsofmeaningthatexistwithinthetext,thatdefineitasatext;CohesionoccurswheretheINTERPRETATIONofsomeelementinthediscourseisdependentonthatofanother(HallidayandHasan,1976:4).TextureCohesiverelationsinandbetweensentencescreat

6、etexture,whichmakesasetofsentencesatext.Textureisthepropertythatdistinguishestextfromnon-text:atexthastexture.Textureiswhatholdtheclausesofatexttogethertogivethemunity.Fivetypesofcohesion:ReferenceSubstitutionEllipsisConjunctionLexicalcohesionReferenceThecohesiveresourceofreferencereferstoho

7、wthewriter/speakerintroducesparticipantsandthenkeepstrackofthemoncetheyareinthetext.ConsiderLookatthat.Lookatthesun.It’sgoingdownquickly.ReferenceReferenceEndophoraExophoraAnaphoraCataphoraAnexophorareferencereferstosomethinginthephysicalsituationi