美国文选复习资料

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1、TheColonialPeriodorTheEnlightenmentandRevolutionPeriod【殖民地时期（1607-1765）和启蒙时期、独立革命时期（1765-1800）】AmericanPuritanism(roughlyfromthesettlementofAmericaintheearly17thcenturythroughtheendofthe18th)一、BenjaminFranklin本杰明·富兰克林作品：1、PoorRichard'sAlmanac《格言历书》---ACollectionofmaxims,orproverbs,

2、onthevalueofworkandsavingsforsuccess.2、TheAutobiography《自传》---“美国梦”的根源3、参与起草《独立宣言》AmericanRomanticism【浪漫主义时期（1800-1865）】TheRomanticPeriodstretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.ItisaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature.浪漫主义两大主题：爱和大自然的力量Thesocialandcul

3、turalbackgroundofRomanticism：---TheyoungRepublicwasflourishingintoapolitically,economicallyandculturallyindependentcountry.---TheRomanticwritingsrevealeduniquecharacteristicsoftheirownintheirworksandtheygrewonthenativelands.---Thedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecame

4、apermanentconventionofAmericanliterature.---TheAmericanPuritanismasaculturalheritageexertedgreatinfluencesoverAmericanmoralvalues.Romanticsfrequentlysharedcertaingeneralcharacteristics:moralenthusiasm,faithinvalueofindividualismandintuitiveperception,andapresumptionthatthenaturalwo

5、rldwasasourceofgoodnessandman’ssocietiesasasourceofcorruption.二、RalphWaldoEmerson拉尔夫·华尔多·爱默生---ThechiefspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism（超验主义）Hewasadescendent（后裔）ofalonglineofNewEnglandclergymen（牧师）.散文家、诗人、超验主义的哲学的主要倡导者。 AmericanTranscendentalismAsaphilosophicalandliterarymove

6、ment,AmericanTranscendentalism(alsoknownas“AmericanRenaissance”)flourshedinNewEnglandfromthe1830stotheCivilWar.ItisthehightideofAmericanromanticismanditsdoctrinesfoundtheirgreatestliteraryadvocatesinEmersonandThoreau.Transcendentalistsspokefortheculturalrejuvenationandagainstthemat

7、erialismofAmericansociety.ThemajorfeaturesofTranscendentalism:①TheTranscendentalistsplacedemphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimportantthingintheuniverse.思想超灵宇宙②TheTranscendentalistsstressedtheimportanceoftheindividual.Tothem,theindividualisthemostimportantelementofSociety.个体+社

8、会9③TheTranscendentalistsof