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1、四六级考试常考重点语法:定语从句一、定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。例如:1)Themanwholivesnexttousisafool.2)YoumustbuymethehousewhichisnearXiangshan.上面两句中的theman和thehouse是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。二、关系词(连接词)1、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词:that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,whe
2、n,why。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时还做定语从句的一个成分。关系代词例句that指物1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.ThenoodlethatIcookedwasdelicious.指人1.Whoisthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere?2.ThegirlthatwemetyesterdayisJim’ssister.which指物1.ThesilkwhichisproducedinHangzhousellswell.2.Theso
3、ngswhichLiuDehuasingsareverypopular.who/whom指人1.TheforeignerwhovisitedourclassisfromCanada.2.ThepersonwhomyoujustvisitedisMr.Li.whose指人或物的所有格1.Ilikethegirlwhosehairislong.2.Therestandsmyhousewhosewindowsfacesouth.(从表中可以看出:用that更有通用性)2.关于that,which的用法注意点1)只能用that
4、,不用which作为定语从句关系代词的情况a)不定代词,如anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词ThereisnothingthatIcando.Imeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday.b)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.ThelastplacethatIvisitedwasthehospital.c)先行词为序数词、数
5、词、形容词最高级时ThisisthefirstcompositionthathehaswritteninEnglish.d)先行词既有人,又有物时Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.2)不用that,只用which的情况a)引导非限定性定语从句时whichThetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.b)介词后用whichWedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood
6、.3.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。1)先行词是表示地点名词时(country,school,room…),而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语,一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词+which的结构。值得注意的是which前的介词选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。Beijingistheplaceinwhich(=where)Iwasborn.Hewantstofindtheplaceinwhich(=where)helivedfortyyear
7、sago.2)先行词是表示时间名词时(year,month,day,night…),而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语,一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用介词+which的结构。值得注意的是when前的介词选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。Hisfatherdiedthatyearinwhich(=when)hewasborn.Icannotforgetthefirstdayonwhich(=when)myfamilymovedintothecity.3)先行词是thereason,而关系词代替先行词在定
8、语从句中充当原因状语,一般用why引导定语从句。也可以用for+which的结构。Isthisthereasonforwhich(why)herefusedouroffer?但是这里要指出的是,如果介词和Which搭配在一起并不表示以上三种意思,则我们只能保留介词+Which的形式。如IknowEnglishinwhichIwro