高考定语从句讲解稿

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1、定语从句基本概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于一个形容词，因此也叫形容词性从句。先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。它与定语从句的位置关系为：先行词+定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。关系代词和关系副词在句中起引导定语从句的作用，同时又在定语从句中担任主语，宾语，表语，定语和状语等成分。常用的关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which，as.常用的关系副词：when,where,why.分类：定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。I．限制性定语从句在此类

2、从句中，先行词代表一个、一些或一类特定的人或事物，这种定语从句已和被修饰词构成了一个完整的意思，定语从句不能拿掉，否则剩下的主句将失去意义而不能成立。A．关系代词的用法先行词是人1．作主语who,thate.g.Thegirlwho/thatisstandingunderthetreeismysister.2.作宾语(who,whom,that)e.g.Thegirl(who/whom/that)heistalkingtoismysister.3.作定语whosee.g.Thegirlwhosehairisredismysister.先行词是物1．作主语which/th

3、ate.g.Thebookwhich/thatisonthetableismine.2．作宾语(which/that)e.g.Thebook(which/that)youboughtyesterdayisgood.3．作定语whosee.g.Thebookwhosecoverisblueismine.Theman__________youweretalkingwithjustnowismyuncle.Doyouknowthewoman_______issellingthevegetablesthere.Iliketheroom________windowsfacesou

4、th.Theglass________youboughtyesterdayisverygood.Theoldmandidn’tallowhisdaughtertomarrytheman______familyispoor.Thefruit_________myfatherplantedisdelicious.Iboughtthebookintheshop_________isinthecornerofthestreet.Idon’tliketheapples________arenotfresh.Hevisitedthefactory_______hisfatheron

5、ceworkedin.Mymotherlikestheplaces________havethebeautifulscenery.Theteacher_______isrespectedbythestudentsishisaunt.Iknowtheman_______youareshakinghandswith.Aplaneisamachine_______canfly.Thenoodles_________Icookedweredelicious.Whoistheman_______isreadingabookoverthere?Thegirl________wesa

6、wyesterdaywasJim’ssister.Theyplantedsometrees_______didn’tneedmuchwater.Thefish________weboughtthismorningwerenotfresh.Theforeigner_______visitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.Theboy________brokethewindowiscalledTom.Theperson______youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.Mrs.Readistheperson_______youshould

7、writeto.B．在定语从句中如介词提前，关系代词用法如下：先行词是人介词+whome.g.Thegirltowhomheisspeakingismysister.Thegirl______heisspeakingtoismysister.先行词是物介词+whiche.g.Theroominwhichheusedtoliveisverybig.C.关系代词as的用法1）as也可作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指整个主句的概念，常译为“正如”之意，在句中作主语，宾语或表语。2）as引导的定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置很