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ID:11221337
大小:27.00 KB
页数:5页
时间:2018-07-10
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1、TheUnderlyingLearningProcessesofPPPAbstract:TheorderedstagesofPPPmodeliscompatiblewithaskill-basedmodeloflearningandthusthismodelappearstofacilitatemanyoftheprocessesrequiredforsuccessfullearningofgrammar.Keywords:PPPmodel;learningprocess;grammarteachingPPPframewor
2、kisanorderedsequenceofthreestages:Presentation,PracticeandProduction.InthePresentationstage,theteacherpresentsanewgrammaticalstructureinasituationorcontextwhichmakesitsmeaningclearandillustratesatypicaluseofit.InthePracticestage,thestudentsaregivenoralandwrittenpra
3、cticeexerciseswhichinvolvecontrolledandrepetitiveuseofthestructure.IntheProductionstage,thestudentsaregivenlesscontrolledpracticetaskswheretheyhavetheopportunitytousethenewstructuretoexpresstheirownideas(Cullen,52001).Batstone(1994)identifiesthreeprocesseswhicharec
4、rucialfortheeffectiveacquisitionofgrammar,thusnoticing,structuringandproceduralising.ThestagedprogressionofPPPisbasedonaskillmodeloflearningwherebydeclarativeknowledgeacquiredatthePresentationstageofthemodelisconvertedintoproceduralknowledgethroughpracticeatthePrac
5、ticeandProductionstages.1)PresentationInatypicalPPPlesson,processesofnoticingandstructuringaredevelopedatthePresentationstage,wherethelearner’sattentionisdrawntonewgrammaticalstructurespresentinsamplesofinput,andrelationshipsbetweenformandmeaningareexploredthroughc
6、onceptquestionsdesignedtoleadthelearnerstodiscoverunderlyingrulesandpatternsforthemselves.TakealessonfromNewConceptEnglishasexample.Thelessonbeginsbyrevisingthepreviouslytaughtitemthroughacontextualizeddrill.Thenitmovesontothepresentationofthe5dialoguematerial.Inle
7、arningterms,thepracticeprovidesanopportunityforthestudentstoactivatetheirexistingproceduralknowledgeofthe‘goingto’structure.Thenstudentsmovetoasyntactic,bottom-upprocessingmodewhentheyareaskedtofillinthegapswiththeverbformstheyhearonthetape.Itisatthisstagethattheya
8、reaskedto‘notice’grammaticalformbypayingconsciousattentiontoit.2)PracticeThePracticeandProductionstagesofthePPPmodelprovideopportunitiesforproced
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