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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2013,39(12):2247−2252http://zwxb.chinacrops.org/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.02247小麦与玉米杂交产生小麦单倍体与双单倍体的稳定性*陈新民王凤菊李思敏张文祥中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081摘要:小麦与玉米杂交是诱导小麦单倍体最有效的途径之一,但单倍体和双单倍体产生频率不稳定影响了该技术的
2、应用。选用13个小麦杂种F1代单交组合与玉米杂交,研究了不同小麦生长环境、生长素处理、培养基和壮苗处理对单倍体及双单倍体产生频率的影响。小麦生长在大田,去雄后割穗培养与玉米杂交平均得胚率为23.9%,每个杂交穗平均得胚数6.8个,均是返青后从大田移回冷温室盆栽的3倍以上;不同小麦杂交组合间胚产生频率存在明显差异。生长素Dicamba蘸穗处理平均得胚率是21.5%,与2,4-D处理得胚率(21.1%)无显著差异,但不同杂交组合间差异显著。B5培养基幼胚萌发率为70.9%~88.3%,平均82.0%;1/2MS培养基胚萌发率为70.0%
3、~86.0%,平均76.6%;两种培养基平均胚萌发率无显著差异。试管苗经壮苗培养基壮苗处理与试管苗经移栽壮苗处理后加倍效率分别是67.6%和8.6%。移栽壮苗处理的苗分蘖少,生长较弱,加倍处理后存活率低和加倍率低是其单倍体加倍效率低的原因。关键词:小麦×玉米;单倍体;激素处理;培养基StableProductionofWheatHaploidandDoubledHaploidbyWheat×MaizeCross*CHENXin-Min,WANGFeng-Ju,LISi-Min,andZHANGWen-XiangInstituteof
4、CropScience,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081,ChinaAbstract:Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoproducewheathaploidisthemethodofcrossingwheatwithmaize.However,theproblemofunstablefrequenciesinhaploidanddoubledhaploidproductionaffectsitsapplication.Inthisstudy,1
5、3wheatF1hybridscrossedwithmaizetoexploretheeffectsofwheatgrowthcondition,hormonetreatment,culturemedium,andstrongseedlingtreatmentonproductionofhaploidanddoubledhaploid.Thefrequencyofembryoformationwas23.9%andthenumberofembryosperspikewas6.8forthewheatplantsgrowninfile
6、dandthendetachedbeforepollinationandhydroponicallyculturedafterpollination.Theefficiencyofthismethodwasthreetimeshigherthanthatofthemethodwithplantstransplantedintopotaftergreenrecoveringinearlyspringandthengrownintheunheatedgreenhousecondition.Embryoformationfrequenci
7、eswereobviouslydifferentamongwheatcrosses.TherewasnosignificantdifferenceinthefrequencyofembryoformationbetweentreatmentsofdippingspikewithDicamba(21.5%)and2,4-D(21.1%).However,wheatcrosshadsignificanteffectonembryoformation.ThemeanfrequencyofembryogerminationonB5mediu
8、mwas82.0%,rangingfrom70.9%to88.3%,whereasaver-agedfrequencyofembryogerminationwas76.6%on1/2MSmedium,rangingfrom70.0%t
