儿童体格发育家庭影响因素分析

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1、儿童体格发育家庭影响因素分析【摘要】目的了解不同家庭背景儿童生长发育水平，探讨家庭因素对儿童生长发育的影响。方法随机整群抽样调查54633名健康儿童，按照人体标准测量方法测量其身高体重。采用调查问卷了解儿童家庭情况并进行家庭多因素分析。结果城区儿童体重、身高均值分别高于农村儿童0.68kg、0.87cm，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。处于不同家庭类型的同性别儿童体重和身高指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);主干家庭的儿童平均体重与身高(12.45kg、85.99cm)分别低于核心家庭儿童(14.3

2、3kg、93.11cm)。外婆或奶奶与保姆为主抚养的男童平均体重与身高(13.15kg、84.80cm)及女童平均体重与身高(12.57kg、88.17cm)明显低于母亲抚养组的男童(14.44kg、92.89cm)与女童(13.80kg、91.76cm)(P<0.01)。抚养人文化程度高，儿童体重、身高均值有增高趋势，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。父母文化程度和不同职业对儿童体重影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，但父母是大学/大专文化程度的儿童平均身高(92.65cm)高于其他组(90.61c

3、m)，干部、军人、文教卫生与科技职业父母其儿童平均身高(94.16cm)高于其他组(90.84cm)，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同生活环境的儿童生长发育水平存在差异，家庭因素对儿童身长(高)的影响比体重更为明显。文化程度较低的儿童抚养人是儿童保健健康教育的重点人群。【关键词】儿童;体格发育;家庭因素InfluenceoffamilyfactorsonchildrenphysicaldevelopmentQIANYingying,XUCuiqing,LLanqiu.WomenandC

4、hildrenHospitalofNingboCity(Ningbo315012,China)Abstract：ObjectiveToobtaininformationaboutchildrensgrowthanddevelopmentindifferentfamilybackground,soastoexplorefamilyfactorsinfluenceonchildrensgrowthanddevelopment.MethodsByrandomclustersampling,54633pr

5、eschoolchildrenwereselected.Theirheightandweightweremeasuredaccordingtostandardmeasurementsandinformationonfamilybackgroundwerecollected.Multivariateanalysiswasadoptedtoanalyzeinfluenceoffamilyfactorsonchildrensgrowthanddevelopment.ResultsHeightforage

6、(HFA)andweightforage(WFA)ofchildrenlivinginurbanareaweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseoflivingincountryside.HFAandWFAofchildrenfromdifferentfamilytypesweredistinctlydifferent.Forexample,childrenHFAandWFAofstemfamilywereobviouslylowerthanthoseofnuclearfa

7、mily.AndHFAandWFAofthechildrenbeingfosteredmainlybymaternalgrandmother,grandmotherorbabysitterwereobviouslylowerthanthosefosteredmainlybymotherorothers.HFAandWFAofthechildrenwerepositivelycorrelatedwiththeeducationleveloftheirfoster(P<0.01).Thechildrenwi

8、thwhitecollarparentshadhigherHFAandWFAthanthatofotherchildren(P<0.01).ConclusionDifferentlivingsurroundingshavecertaininfluenceonthechildrensgrowthanddevelopment.ChildrensHFAweremoreaffectedthanWFAbyfamilyfactors.Governm