学术英语写作总结

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1、专业英语写作考点总结PartІAcademicEnglishWriting（专业英语写作）Chapter1SixConsiderationsinAcademicWriting1、Academicwritingisaproductofmanyconsideration:audience,purposeandstrategy,organization,style,flowandpresentation.（学术写作六要素：写作对象，目的，组织结构，文体特征，表达连贯和宣讲或宣读）。2、Organizationusuallyhasth

2、efollowingfourparts:问题-解决方法包括四个部分(1)descriptionofasituation（描述情况）(2)Identificationofaproblem（甄别问题）(3)Descriptionofasolution（描述解决方法）(4)Evaluationofthesolution（评估解决方法）3、FormalGrammarStyle：（正规的语法风格）(1)Generallyavoidcontractions（一般来讲避免使用略缩词）例：won’t改为willnot(2)Usethemore

3、appropriateformalnegativeforms（使用更为适宜的正规的否定形式）例：not...any改为nonot...much改为littlenot...many改为few(3)Limittheuseof“run-on”expressions,suchasandsoforthandetc.（限制使用多个词连用的表达法）例：句子内不能出现andsoforth和etc.出现时应将省略的部分扩展出来。(4)Avoidaddressingthereaderasyou(except,ofcourse,ifyouarewr

4、itingatextbookorotherinstructionalmaterials).（避免向读者说“你”）例：YoucanseetheresultsinTable1.改为：TheresultscanbeseeninTable1.(5)Becarefulaboutusingdirectquestions.Insomefieldstheyarecommon,whileinotherstheyarenot.（使用直接引语时需谨慎）例：Whatcanbedonetolowercosts?改为：Itisnecessarytocon

5、siderhowcostsmaybelowered.或者Wenowneedtoconsiderhowcostsmaybelowered.(6)Placeadverbwithintheverb.（将副词放于动词词组内）例：ThismodelwasdevelopedbyKrugmanoriginally.改为：ThismodelwasoriginallydevelopedbyKrugman.20(7)Considerwhetheryoushouldsplitinfinitives.（考虑是否该使用割裂不定式）例：Weneedtoa

6、dequatelymeettheneedsofthoseenrolledintheprogram.(8)Aimforanefficientuseofwords.（目的是为了有效地使用词汇）例：Therearesomeinorganicmaterialsthatcanbeusedbybioengineersintheprocessoftissueengineeringthathavebeenshowntobeverypromising.改为：Someinorganicmaterialsusedintissueengineerin

7、ghaveshowngreatpromise.习题：（1）Youcanusethismodeltoanalyzetheeffectsofseveralparameterchanges.错误：使用了you。改为：Thismodelcanbeusedtoanalyzetheeffectsofseveralparameterchanges.（2）OK,whatarethereasonsthatcoffeepriceshavefallen?There’realotofpossibilities.错误：使用了口语OK；直接引语的使用；使

8、用了缩略词There’re。改为：Coffeepriceshavefallenformanyreasons.（3）Youcanseethedifferencebetweenthesetwoapproachestodesigningundergroundsubwaystatio