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1、高考英语总复习语法专项Ⅰ主谓一致概述主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致(或叫形式一致)，意义一致或就近一致①.语法一致:主谓在语法形式上一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语用单数,主语是复数形式,谓语用复数②.意义一致:根据主语的内在涵义的单复数确定谓语的单复数③.就近一致:一个句子中有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语和靠近它的那个主语保持人称和数的一致分述1.当主语是不定代词somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,everyt
2、hing,nothing,something,anything等时,谓语动词用第三人称单数a.Somebodyiswaitingforyououtside.b.Nobodyknowstheanswer.有些不定代词作主语时,据意义确定谓语动词的单复数.若不定代词所指为单数意义,谓语用单数;若不定代词所指为复数意义,谓语用复数.这类词有:all,some,any,more,most,half等a.Allarehappytohearthenews.b.Allthathastobedonehasbee
3、ndone.c.Mostofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredbywater.d.Halfofthewoodhasbeencarriedaway.2.集体名词如:family,class,army,enemy,government,group,team等作主语时,如果将其看作一个整体,则谓语动词用单数,若看成其中的成员(个体),则谓语动词用复数a.Myfamilyisahappyone./Allmyfamilyaremusiclovers.b.Ourclassistheb
4、estinourschool./Thewholeclassarehavingadiscussionabouttheproblem.集体名词people,cattle,police,youth等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数a.Thepolicearelookingforthethief.b.Cattlearenotallowedtograzehere.3.代词none和neither作主语时,谓语动词根据说话人的意思用单数或复数.当说话人着眼于“任何一个都不…”时,谓语动词用单数;当说话人着眼于“全
5、都不…”时,谓语动词用复数a.Noneofthemhasacar.(他们没有一个人有汽车)b.Noneofthemhaveacar.(他们都没有汽车)c.Noneofthemknowstheanswer.(他们两个谁也不知道答案)d.Noneofthemknowtheanswer.(他们两个都不知道答案)4.both…and…连接两个主语时,谓语动词通常用复数.either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…连接两个主语时,采取“就近原则”,即谓
6、语动词和靠近它的那个主语保持一致a.BothTomandJerrywerelateforschoolthatday.b.Eitheryouorhehasdroppedwastepaperinthestreet.c.NeitherhenorIhaveforgottenforpayforthedrinks.5.在Therebe…和Herebe…结构中,句子的主语在be之后,如果主语不止一个,那么谓语动词be与邻近的主语一致8a.Thereisadesk,atable,threechairsinthe
7、room.b.Therearethreechairs,adeskandatableintheroom.c.Herearetwolettersandamagazineforyou.6.如果主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,but,except,besides,including,like,ratherthan,nolessthan,inadditionto(除外)等引导的短语时,谓语动词的形式只与主语有关,而与其后的短语无关a.Theteache
8、rwiththreestudentswasintheclassroomthen.b.Thisbook,aswellastheothertwobooks,isborrowedfromourschoollibrary.c.NonebutJimandMikeknowsmysecret.d.Sevenpeople,includingapoliceman,werekilled.7.表示时间,长度,距离,金额,价值,重量,容量等的复数名词作主语时,通常作整体看待,即表示总量或总和,谓语动词用单数.若把它们看
