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1、直接引语(TheDirectSpeech)与间接引语(TheIndirectSpeech)引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式:一是引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点:人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that引导。例如: Shesaid,"Iamveryhappytohelpyou."→ Shesaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpyou. 2
2、.直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句,变成间接引语时,由连词whether或if引导。例如: Heaskedme,"Doyoulikeplayingfootball?"→ Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball. 注意:大多数情况下,if和whether可以互换,但后有ornot,或在动词不定式前,或放在介词后作连接词时,一般只用whether。例如: Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot. Hehesitatedaboutwhethertodriveortakethetrain. 3.直
3、接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。例如: Mysisteraskedme,"Howdoyoulikethefilm?"→ MysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm. 4.直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定前加tell,ask,order等的宾语。例如: Thecaptainordered,"Bequiet."→ Thecaptainorderedustobequiet. 注意:此种情况的否定句,在动词不定式前加n
4、ot。 Myteacheraskedme,"Don'tlaugh."→ Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh. 5.一些注意事项 (1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,变成间接引语时,时态不变。例如: Theytoldtheirson,"Theearthgoesroundthesun."→ Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun. (2)直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如:this/that→these/those,now→then,today→thatday
5、,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastyear→theyearbefore,ago→before,here→there等。例如: Hesaid,"Ihaven'tseenhertoday."→ Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday. 注意:如果转述时就在原来的地方,就在说话的当天,就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。 (3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如: HeaskedLucy,"Wheredidyougo?"→ HeaskedLucywhereshewent. Tomsaid,"
6、Whatdoyouwant,Ann?"→TomaskedAnnwhatshewanted.直接引语(TheDirectSpeech)与间接引语(TheIndirectSpeech)的错误在英语里,我们可以用两种方法转述人的话语。第一种是直接引语(TheDirect Speech);第二种是间接引语(TheIndirectSpeech),也可叫“TheReportedSpeech”)。从直接引语转变为间接引语是一种表达行式的改变,不影响原意。例如: ①a.Hesaid,"Iamworkingnow."b.Hesaidthathewasworkingthen. ②a.S
7、heaskedme,"Doyouliketosing?"b.SheaskedmeifIlikedtosing. ③a."Goout!"themansaidtotheboy.b.Themanorderedtheboytogoout. ①b,②b,③b是间接引语,其形式和①a,②a,③a不同。 间接引语是种常见的句法,用得很多。正因为用得多,出错的机会也多。下面便是些例子: ④Hesaidthathewouldcometomorrow. 这里的副词“tomorrow”要变成“thenextday”。理由是:间接引语里的时