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1、世界常用外语教学法简介(3)--听说法(TheAudio-LingualMethod)Langzi选编Audio-LingualMethodTheAudio-LingualMethod,ortheArmyMethodoralsotheNewKey,isastyleofteachingusedinteachingforeignlanguages.Itisbasedonbehavioristtheory,whichprofessesthatcertaintraitsoflivingthings,andinthiscasehumans,couldbetrainedthro
2、ughasystemofreinforcement—correctuseofatraitwouldreceivepositivefeedbackwhileincorrectuseofthattraitwouldreceivenegativefeedback.Thisapproachtolanguagelearningwassimilartoanother,earliermethodcalledtheDirectmethod.LiketheDirectMethod,theAudio-LingualMethodadvisedthatstudentsbetaughtala
3、nguagedirectly,withoutusingthestudents'nativelanguagetoexplainnewwordsorgrammarinthetargetlanguage.However,unliketheDirectMethod,theAudiolingualMethoddidn’tfocusonteachingvocabulary.Rather,theteacherdrilledstudentsintheuseofgrammar.Appliedtolanguageinstruction,andoftenwithinthecontexto
4、fthelanguagelab,thismeansthattheinstructorwouldpresentthecorrectmodelofasentenceandthestudentswouldhavetorepeatit.Theteacherwouldthencontinuebypresentingnewwordsforthestudentstosampleinthesamestructure.Inaudio-lingualism,thereisnoexplicitgrammarinstruction—everythingissimplymemorizedin
5、form.Theideaisforthestudentstopracticetheparticularconstructuntiltheycanuseitspontaneously.Inthismanner,thelessonsarebuiltonstaticdrillsinwhichthestudentshavelittleornocontrolontheirownoutput;theteacherisexpectingaparticularresponseandnotprovidingthatwillresultinastudentreceivingnegati
6、vefeedback.Thistypeofactivity,forthefoundationoflanguagelearning,isindirectoppositionwithcommunicativelanguageteaching.CharlesFries,thedirectoroftheEnglishLanguageInstituteattheUniversityofMichigan,thefirstofitskindintheUnitedStates,believedthatlearningstructure,orgrammarwasthestarting
7、pointforthestudent.Inotherwords,itwasthestudents’jobtoorallyrecitethebasicsentencepatternsandgrammaticalstructures.Thestudentswereonlygiven“enoughvocabularytomakesuchdrillspossible.”(Richards,J.C.et-al.1986).Frieslaterincludedprinciplesforbehaviouralpsychology,asdevelopedbyB.F.Skinne
