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1、1.demandofthecourse:1)previewofthelesson(2)followingtheclasscarefully(listeningcarefully;takinganactivepartintheclassdiscussion;takingdownclassroomnotescarefully)(3)doingexercisescarefully2.Demandoftheexercise:(1)1paper(topicswillbegivenbytheteacher,andstudentsdothewriting
2、afterclass)(2)2summariesbasedonthesectionsoftheacademicbook(3)1questionansweringinthebook(4)classroomdiscussion3.Evaluationofyourperformance:(1)attendance(2)scoresofyourexercises(3)scoresofyourfinalexamination`TheLiteratureofColonialAmerica1.BackgroundWhenChristopherColumb
3、usreachedthecontinentofNorthAmericain1492,thereweremorethan2000independenttribesofaboutonemillionnatives.TheywereAsianinorigin,livingthereforabout2000yearsalready.AsColumbusmistookthemforIndians,theyhavebeencalledAmericanIndianssincethen.Theyspokefivehundreddifferentlangua
4、gesfrom50differentlanguagegroups.Theywere,andstillare,culturaldifferencesamongthem.BecausenoIndiantribehadawrittenlanguageuntilSequoyahinventedasyllabary（音节表）fortheCherokeesin1821,itiswidelyassumedthattheIndianshadnoliterature.Infact,virtuallyallIndiantribeshadarichstoreof
5、oralliteratureintheformsofsongs,prayers,spells（符咒）,charms（咒文）,omens（预兆）,riddles（谜语）andstories.2.Thetraditionalliteraturewasoriginallytransmittedalmostentirelybywordofmouth,andthereforebelongstothecategoryoforalliterature.ItwascomposedinanIndianlanguageforanIndianaudienceat
6、atimewhenthetribalcultureswereintactandcontactwithwhiteshadbeenminimal.Itconsistsofsacredstories,folktales,andsongsaspartoftherituals（仪式）ofannualfestivals,tribaltraditions,andnarrativeaccountsofgodsandheroes.Foralongtime,Indianssawliteratureasfunctional.Inoraltraditions,st
7、oriesweretoldnotmerelytoentertainortoinstruct,theyweretoldtobebelieved.Myths（神话）andtaleswereeducationaltoolsthattaughttheyoungergenerationthebeliefsandhistoryofthetribe.3.AmericanPuritanismTheEuropeansettlerscarriedwiththemtoAmericaacode（准则）ofvalues,aphilosophyoflife,apoin
8、tofviewwhich,intimetookrootintheNewWorld,andbecamewhatispopularlyknownasAmericanPuritanis
