新SAT写作官方题库题源(Ansen).doc

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1、新SAT写作最新真题题源近期sat真题主要修辞1.个人轶事：personalanecdote2.反问：rhetoricalquestion3.煽情：appealtoemotion4.对比：contrast5.讽刺：irony6.重复：repetition7.类比：analogy8.比喻：metaphor9.暗指：allusion10.数据：statisticsAppealtoEmotionDescription: Thisisthegeneralcategoryofmanyfallaciesthatuseemotioninplaceofreasoninordertoat

2、tempttowintheargument. Itisatypeofmanipulationusedinplaceofvalidlogic.ThereareseveralspecificallyemotionalfallaciesthatIlistseparatelyinthisbook,becauseoftheirwidespreaduse. However,keepinmindthatyoucantakeanyemotion,precedeitwith,“appealto”,andyouhavecreatedanewfallacy,butbydefinition,t

3、heemotionmustbeusedinplaceofavalidreasoninsupportingtheconclusion.LogicalForm:Xmustbetrue.Imaginehowsaditwouldbeifitweren’ttrue.Example#1:Powerlinescausecancer. Imetalittleboywithcancerwholivedjust20milesfromapowerlinewholookedintomyeyesandsaid,inhisweakvoice,“Pleasedowhateveryoucansotha

4、totherkidswon’thavetogothroughwhatIamgoingthrough.” Iurgeyoutovoteforthisbilltoteardownallpowerlinesandreplacethemwithmonkeysontreadmills.Explanation: Noticetheformoftheexample:assertion,emotionalappeal,requestforaction(conclusion)--nowhereisthereanyevidencepresented. Wecanalltearupovert

5、heimageofalittleboywithcancerwhoisexpressingconcernforothersratherthantakingpityonhimself,butthathasnothingtodowiththeassertionortheconclusion.Example#2:Theremustbeobjectiverightsandwrongsintheuniverse. Ifnot,howcanyoupossiblysaythattorturingbabiesforfuncouldeverberight?Explanation: Thet

6、houghtofpeopletorturingbabiesforfunimmediatelybringsupunpleasantimages(insanepeople). Theactualargument(implied)isthatthereareobjective(universal)rightsandwrongs(morality). Theargumentiswordedinsuchawaytoconnecttheargument'sconclusions(thatthereisobjectivemorality)withtheideathattorturin

7、gbabiesforfuniswrong(thisisalsoa nonsequiturfallacy). Nomatterhowwepersonallyfeelaboutahorribleact,ourfeelingsarenotavalidsubstitutionforanobjectivereasonbehind why theactishorrible.Exceptions: Appealingtoemotionsisaverypowerfulandnecessarytechniqueinpersuasion. Weareemot