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1、保护性耕作与秸秆还田对土壤微生物及其溶磷特性的影响第13卷第3期2005年7月中国生态农业ChineseJournalofEco-AgricuhureVoI_13No.3July,2005保护性耕作与秸秆还田对土壤微生物及其溶磷特性的影响*范丙全刘巧玲(中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所北京100081)(河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所石家庄050051)摘要试验研究保护性耕作与秸秆还田对土壤微生物及其溶P特性结果表明,免耕和秸秆还田均能促进土壤麦角固醇的增加,而少耕却显着提高土壤微生物生物量.耕作方式
2、间土壤有机碳水平无明显差异,但秸秆还田可提高土壤有机碳含量.免耕处理土壤微生物量显着增加,深耕处理土壤微生物量则较低,秸秆还田微生物量显着高于无秸秆对照.浅耕处理溶P细菌数量最高,免耕最少,但少耕和免耕处理溶P微生物的溶P能力大于深耕及浅耕,秸秆还田对溶P微生物群体和高效溶P菌生长均有促进作用.关键词免耕少耕秸秆还田土壤微生物溶P微生物EffectofconservationtillageandstrawapplicationonthesoilmicroorganismandP?dissolvingc
3、haracteristics.FANBing—Quan(SoilandFertilizerInstitute,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081,China),LIUQiao—Ling(InstituteofAgriculturalResourcesandEnvironments,HebeiAcademyofAgriculturalandForestrySciences,Shiji—azhuang050051,China),CJEA,2
4、005,13(3):130～132AbstractTheeffectsofconservationtillageandstrawapplicationonthesoilmicroorganismsandP—dissolvingcharacteris—ticswerestudied.Theresultsshowthatminimumtillagehasagoodeffectonthemicrobialcarbon,zerotillageandstrawapplicationcanincreasethee
5、rgosterollevelandaccumulationoforganic—Cinsoil.Thesoilorganic—Clevelshavenosignifi—cantdifferencesindifferenttillagemodes.Strawapplicationcanincreasethesoilorganic—Ccontent,zerotillagecanincreasethepopulationofsoilmicroorganisms,deeptillageshowsalowerpo
6、pulationofsoilmicroorganisms.Themicroorganismamountofstrawapplicationissignificantlyhigherthanthatwithoutstrawapplication.MinimumtillagehaveahigherpoP—ulationofsoilmicroorganisms,zerotillageshowsalowerpopulationofP—dissolvingmicroorganism,minimumandzero
7、tillagespromotethedevelopmentofhighefficientP—dissolvingstrain.Cropresiduescanenhancethepopulationofphos—phatesolubilizingmicroorganism,anddevelopmentofhigherefficientstrainofPsolubilization.KeywordsZerotillage,Minimumtillage,Strawapplication,Soilmicroo
8、rganism,P—dissolvingmicroorganism(ReceivedSept.6,2004;revisedOct.13,2004)保护性耕作对土壤结构,养分,水分,温度,有机质和风蚀均有良好的改善作用_1.2J,但在短期内免耕难以提高作物产量_3J.目前夏玉米免耕已在我国北方大面积推广应用,这对干旱缺水,风蚀严重和沙尘为害的北方尤其重要.溶P微生物参与土壤中P素营养循环,其数量与活性代表着转化土壤难溶P和抗病促生的能力[7--10].秸秆
