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1、RareEarth:SavetheEnvironmentFirstChina’srareearthindustryhasnotonlysatisfieddomesticdemandforeconomicandsocialdevelopment,butalsomadeimportantcontributionstotheworld’srareearthsupply.Currently,Chinasuppliesover90percentoftheglobalmarketrareearthneedswith23percentoftheworld’stotalreser
2、ves,(SeeChart1)itsoutputofpermanent-magnet,luminescent,hydrogenstorageandpolishingmaterials,whichuserareearthsasrawmaterials,accountsformorethan70percentoftheworld’stotal,andChinaproducedrareearthmaterials,partsandcomponents,aswellasrareearthendproducts,suchasenergysavinglamps,special
3、andsmallelectricmotorsandNiMHbatteries,satisfiedthedevelopmentneedsofhigh-techindustriesofothercountries,especiallythoseofthedevelopedcountries.ProblemsfacingDespiteitsrapiddevelopment,China’srareearth10industryalsofacesmanyproblems,forwhichChinahaspaidabigprice.Thefollowingaresomeoft
4、heproblems:Excessiveexploitationofrareearthresources.Aftermorethan50yearsofexcessivemining,China’srareearthreserveshavekeptdecliningandtheyearsofguaranteedrareearthsupplyhavebeenreducing.Thedeclineofrareearthresourcesinmajorminingareasisaccelerating,asmostoftheoriginalresourcesaredepl
5、eted.InBaotou,onlyone-thirdoftheoriginalvolumeofrareearthresourcesisavailableinthemainminingareas,andthereserve-extractionratioofion-absorptionrareearthminesinChina’ssouthernprovinceshasdeclinedfrom50twodecadesagotothepresent15.Mostofthesouthernion-absorptionrareearthdepositsarelocate
6、dinremotemountainousareas.Therearesomanyminesscatteringoveralargeareathatitisdifficultandcostlytomonitortheiroperation.Asaresult,illegalmininghasseverelydepletedlocalresources,andminesrichinreservesandeasytoexploitarearefavored10overtheothers,resultinginalowrecoveryrateoftherareearthr
7、esources.Lessthat50percentofsuchresourcesarerecoveredinion-absorptionrareearthminesinsouthernChina,andonlytenpercentoftheBaotoureservesaredressedandutilized.Severedamagetotheecologicalenvironment.Outdatedproductionprocessesandtechniquesinthemining,dressing,smeltingandseparatingofraree
8、artho
