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1、年产30万吨乙酸乙酯的工艺设计摘要乙酸乙酯是重要的精细化工原料。它是一种具有优异溶解性能和快干性能的溶剂,已广泛应用于生产中。目前,乙酸乙酯的工业生产方法已趋于成熟,而乙醛缩合法因其具有原料来源广泛、绿色、环保等优点在众多生产方法中脱颖而出最具发展前景。本设计采用乙醛缩合法,对工艺中的主要设备进行物料与能量衡算,并对乙酸乙酯的精馏塔、反应器进行了设计选型。根据设计要求对设备进行选型。就脱乙醇塔而言,塔体压力为常压,回流比取3,操作条件:XD=99%、XW=0.01。计算出塔板数为46块,塔高22.4m。对塔体的主要尺寸
2、设计:精馏段:算得堰长为0.72m,出口堰高为0.045m,堰宽为0.106m,降液管底隙高度为0.028m;提馏段:算得堰长为1.2,出口堰高为0.049m,堰宽为0.176m,降液管底隙高度为0.027m。对于反应器选择连续型搅拌反应釜:算得筒体高度4.8m,筒体和封头直径3m,内筒筒体厚度为10mm。设计中,首先根据工艺操作的要求和特点,参照相关工艺的资料,绘制工艺流程图,然后根据工艺计算结构设计的最终数据画出主要设备图。设计满足安全生产要求,而且经济合理。关键词:乙酸乙酯,乙醛缩合法,物料衡算,精馏塔,工艺流程
3、图PRODUCTIONDESIGNWITHANANNUALOUTPUTOF300THOUSANDSTONSOFETHYLACETATEABSTRACTEthylacetateisanimportantfinechemicalrawmaterial.Itisakindofexcellentsolubilityandfast-dryingsolvent,hasbeenwidelyusedinproduction.Atpresent,theindustrialproductionofethylacetatehavebeenm
4、oreandmoremature,andthecondensationofacetaldehydebecauseofitswiderawmaterialsources,green,environmentalprotectionandotheradvantagesstandoutfrommanyproductionmethodsinthemostdevelopmentprospect.Thecondensationofacetaldehydehadbeenusedinthedesign,materialandenergy
5、balancecalculationofthemainprocessequipment,anddistillationtower,reactorforethylacetateweredesignselection.Accordingtothedesignrequirements,weselectedthesuitableequipment.Asfarasalcoholtower,thetowerbodywasatatmosphericpressure,refluxratiowas3,theoperatingcondit
6、ions:XD=99%,XW=0.01.Wecouldcalculatethattheplatenumberwas46,theheightofthetowerwas22.4m.Themaindimensionsdesignoftowerbody:rectifyingsection:thelengthoftheweirwas0.72m,theoutletheightoftheweirwas0.045m,thewidthwas0.106m,thedowncomerheightofthebottomclearancewas0
7、.028m;strippingsection:thelengthofweirwas1.2mr,theoutletheightoftheweirwas0.049m,thewidthwas0.176m,thedowncomerheightofthebottomclearancewas0.027m.Thereactorwasselectedcontinuousstirredtankreactor:theheightofcylinderwas4.8mbycalculation,thediameterofcylinderandh
8、eadwas3m,thethicknessoftheinnercylinderwas10mm.Inthedesign,accordingtotheprocessrequirementsandcharacteristics,referencetotherelatedprocessdata,wecoulddrawaprocessflo