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1、孙子兵法TheArtofWar孙武BySunTzuTranslatedbyLionelGiles始计第一LayingPlans孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。SunTzusaid:TheartofwarisofvitalimportancetotheState.Itisamatteroflifeanddeath,aroadeithertosafetyortoruin.Henceitisasubjectofinquirywhichcanonnoaccountbeneglected.故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情
2、：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。Theartofwar,then,isgovernedbyfiveconstantfactors,tobetakenintoaccountinone'sdeliberations,whenseekingtodeterminetheconditionsobtaininginthefield.Theseare:(1)TheMoralLaw;(2)Heaven;(3)Earth;(4)TheCommander;(5)Methodanddiscipline.道者，令民于上同意，可与之死，可与之生，而不
3、危也；TheMoralLawcausesthepeopletobeincompleteaccordwiththeirruler,sothattheywillfollowhimregardlessoftheirlives,undismayedbyanydanger.天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也；Heavensignifiesnightandday,coldandheat,timesandseasons.地者，远近、险易、广狭、死生也；Earthcomprisesdistances,greatandsmall;dangerandsecurit
4、y;opengroundandnarrowpasses;thechancesoflifeanddeath.将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也；TheCommanderstandsforthevirtuesofwisdom,sincerely,benevolence,courageandstrictness.法者，曲制、官道、主用也。Bymethodanddisciplinearetobeunderstoodthemarshalingofthearmyinitspropersubdivisions,thegraduationsofrankamo
5、ngtheofficers,themaintenanceofroadsbywhichsuppliesmayreachthearmy,andthecontrolofmilitaryexpenditure.凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知之者不胜。Thesefiveheadsshouldbefamiliartoeverygeneral:hewhoknowsthemwillbevictorious;hewhoknowsthemnotwillfail.故校之以计，而索其情，曰：主孰有道？Therefore,inyourdeliberatio
6、ns,whenseekingtodeterminethemilitaryconditions,letthembemadethebasisofacomparison,inthiswise:--将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。(1)WhichofthetwosovereignsisimbuedwiththeMorallaw?(2)Whichofthetwogeneralshasmostability?(3)WithwhomlietheadvantagesderivedfromHeavenandE
7、arth?(4)Onwhichsideisdisciplinemostrigorouslyenforced?(5)Whicharmyisstronger?(6)Onwhichsideareofficersandmenmorehighlytrained?(7)Inwhicharmyistherethegreaterconstancybothinrewardandpunishment?BymeansofthesesevenconsiderationsIcanforecastvictoryordefeat.将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾
8、计，用之必败，去之。Thegeneralthathearkenstomycounselandactsuponit,willconquer:letsuchaoneberetainedincommand!Thegeneral
