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1、句子的成分与种类（Mar.11）一、定义：表示完整而独立意思的语言单位。句首字母大写，且末尾有？.和！。二、句子成分：1主语：动作或状态的主体，由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句充当。练习：1）Tom is a good boy. 2)We often speak English in class. 3)One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4)To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5)Smoking does harm to the health.
2、 6)The rich should help the poor.2谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。由动词或动词短语充当。有人称、数、时态、语态和语气变化。练习：1）Ilikeapples.2)Hepractiserunningeverymorning.3)Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.4)Hehascaughtabadcold.5)Wearehavingaquickbreakfast.3宾语：及物动词或短语的对象或内容，代词必须用宾格。①v+todo:want,hope,decide,start,prefer,choose,learn,
3、try,afford,offer,②v+doing:feellike,enjoy,finish,mind,practise,keep;③区分：stop,forget,remember,goon,tryThey went to see an exhibition yesterdayThe heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. How many dictionaries do you have? I have three. They helped the old with their house
4、work yesterdayHe pretended not to see me. I enjoy listening to popular music. I think (that) he is fit for this job.4定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的，常为形容词。Guilin is a beautiful cityChina is a developing country. America is a developed countryThere are thirty women teachers in our school. His maths is
5、 very good. I am the last person to leave the classroom.5状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、状态和程度等。Light travels most quickly. He has lived in the city for ten years.6补语：补充说明主语或宾语。注意：make.let,have,see,hear,watch+do动词原形His father named him Dong Ming. They painted their boat white. Let the fr
6、esh air in. 8I ask him to go home now. We saw her entering the room.7表语：系动词后，表示主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，多由名词，形容词充当。练习：My mother is a doctor. Is it yours? The weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting. The door is closed. Three times seven is twenty one. His job is to teach English.三、分类：(
7、一)按构成分为：简单句（只有一个主谓）、并列句、复合句（二）按用途分为1陈述句：1）肯定2）否定。肯定变否定的四种方法：①情态动词+not;②be+not;③do(does,did)+not;④用no,never,hardly,nothing,nobody，none,neither等否定词。Some-any,already—yet,too—either,always—never,both—neither,something—anything,all—none等。练习，变下列句子成否定句：I am Tom. 2. He is nine. 3. The
8、y are pupils
