句子成分和句子种类学案.docx

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1、句子成分和句子种类（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有______和______；次要成分有______、______、______、______、_______和_______。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由______、______、______、______、______、__________和________等表示。例句（找出下列的主语）①Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.②Weoftens

2、peakEnglishinclass.③One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.④Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.⑤Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.⑥Therichshouldhelpthepoor.⑦WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.⑧Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（三）谓语：_______________________________________。动词在句中

3、作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由______、______、______、______、____

4、__、______、______、______、______及_______表示。例如(划出下列句子的表语)①OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.②Isityours?③Theweatherhasturnedcold.④Thespeechisexciting.⑤Threetimessevenistwentyone?⑥HisjobistoteachEnglish.⑦Hishobbiesplayingfootball.⑧Themachinemustbeoutoforder.⑨Timeisup.Theclassisover.⑩Thetruthisthath

5、ehasneverbeenabroad.（五）1.宾语：表示及物动词和及物动词短语的对象或内容，或用于介词后构成介词短语。宾语通常由_____、_____、______、_______、_______、______表示。例如(划出下列句子的宾语)①Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.②Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.③Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.④Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday

6、.⑤Hepretendednottoseeme.⑥Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.⑦Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.2.宾语的种类(1)直接宾语和间接宾语：直接宾语表示________________(通常指____);间接宾语表示____________________(通常指____)。例如(划出下列句子的直接宾语和间接宾语)①Myauntgavemeatoycar.②Sheboughtmeanicegift.③Heplayedussomelightmusic.(2)同源宾语：少数不及物动词后可接有同源名词，我们称

7、之为“同源宾语”。例如：过幸福的生活___________________大笑_________________________做了一个噩梦__________________唱一首歌______________________光荣的死去____________________微微一笑______________________(3)介词宾语：英语中除了动词有宾语外，介词也有宾语，介词的宾语称“_______”例如：I’minterestedincomputergames.（六）宾语补足语：