智利高等教育的新型助学贷款制度[文献翻译]

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1、外文题目：ThenewstudentloansysteminChile’shighereducation出处：HigherEducation作者：ChristianLarraln,SalvadorZurita原文：ThenewstudentloansysteminChile’shighereducationAbstractChile’shighereducationsystemstandsoutasbeingoneofthemostprivatizedandopentothemarketinth

2、eworld.Recently,theChileanCongresspassedLaw#20.027of2005,whichprovidesthelegalframeworkforthecreationofastudentloansystemguaranteedbothbytheStateandbyhighereducationinstitutions(HEIs),financedbytheprivatecapitalmarketthroughthesecuritizationoftheloans

3、.Thesystemoperatedforthefirsttimein2006,whereapproximately21,000studentswereabletoaccessfinancingoftheirhighereducationfortheremainderoftheircareers.Itisexpectedthatasthesystemmatures,moreandbetterinformationwillbeavailable,whichwillbenefitthestudentsan

4、dtheHEIs;anditishighlylikelythatthecurrentnumberoffinancedstudentscouldgrowsignificantlyinthenextfewyears.Thepurposeofthisarticleistodescribetheoutstandingcharacteristicsofthissystem,explainitsconceptualbasisandanalyzethepublicpolicychoicesavailableini

5、tsdesign.Keywords：Securitization,Highereducationloans,Stateguarantees,FinancialdesignThereisconsensusamonganalyststhateducationhassimilardynamicsinmostcountries,withthepossibleexceptionofthosewiththelowestincome.Amongseveninternationaltendenciesident

6、ifiedbyBrunneretal.(2005),thereismassificationofeducationalsystemsduetoeverincreasingaccessopportunities,diversificationandrationalizationofsourcesforfinancinghighereducationinresponsetothegrowingcostsbroughtaboutbymassification,anddisplacementofthecenter

7、ofgravityofhighereducationfromthesphereoftheStateandcorporationtothesphereofmarketandcompetition.Boeretal.(2002)coincidewiththisanalysisandidentifyapervasivetendencytowardcommercializationduetomassificationofhighereducation,amongothercauses.Ineffect,i

8、nthelastfewdecadesthehighereducationsystemsarebecomingmoremarketoriented,institutionscompeteamongstthemselvesinthemarketforstudents,teachers,resourcesandreputation,andtheStateparticipatesinregulatingthesemarketswithpro-marketandpro-competitionpolicie