材料科学与工程的进展与挑战

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1、ProgressesandGrandChallengesfortheMaterialsScienceandEngineering(MSE)材料科学与工程的进展与挑战2011.06OutlinesIntroductiontoMaterialsScienceandEngineering（材料科学与工程简介）ChallengesfortheMaterialsScience（材料科学所取得的进展及遇到的挑战）OthersIntroductiontoMaterialsScienceandEngineeri

2、ng(MSE)Severalsimplequestions:Whatdomaterialsscientistsandengineersstudy?Howsheetsteelcanbeprocessedtoproduceahigh-strength,lightweight,energyabsorbing,malleablematerialusedinthemanufactureofcarchassis?Canwemakeflexibleandlightweightelectroniccircuit

3、susingplastics?Whatisa“smartmaterial”?“Engineersmakethings.Theymakethemoutofmaterials.”Materialsscienceandengineering(MSE)isaninterdisciplinaryfieldconcernedwithinventingnewmaterialsandimprovingpreviouslyknownmaterialsbydevelopingadeeperunderstanding

4、ofthemicrostructure-composition-synthesis-processingrelationships.Thetermcompositionmeansthechemicalmake-upofamaterial.Thetermstructuremeansadescriptionofthearrangementofatoms.Thetermsynthesisreferstohowmaterialsaremadefromnaturallyoccurringorman-mad

5、echemicals.Thetermprocessingmeanshowmaterialsareshapedintousefulcomponentstocausechangesinthepropertiesofdifferentmaterials.Inmaterialsscience,theemphasisisontheunderlyingrelationshipsbetweenthesynthesisandprocessing,structureandpropertiesofmaterials

6、.Inmaterialsengineering,thefocusisonhowtotranslateortransformmaterialsintoausefuldeviceorstructure.TetrahedronofMSE(组成与微观结构)(性能)(使用性能与成本)(制备与加工)Composition:theperiodictableCrystalstructure（晶体结构）cubicorthorhombicRhombohedralTetragonalMonoclinicTriclin

7、icHexagonalSummaryof14Bravaisspacelattice.quartzcrystalBi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δHemoglobinwithbackbonetracecoloredbychainandspacefilledhemes.CrystalstructureDiamondMicrostructure（微观结构）gypsumcrystalsSomepolymersforminterestingcrystals.Surfaceofanaluminiumoxide"

8、asfired"CastedtitaniumElasticmodulus(E)Strength:yieldstrength,tensilestrength,compressivestrengthetc.FracturetoughnessDensityetc.Mechanicalproperties（力学性能）Sress-straindiagramformildsteel.Thermalproperties（热性能）Themaximumservicetemperature(Tmax)Thermal