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1、上学吧：http://www.shangxueba.com1990年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes) PassageOne Questions21to24arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofpro-ductivemachinery.Itreducesthehuma
2、nfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisde-signedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution". Labour'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheef
3、fectsonemploy-ment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,main-tain
4、ing,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthe transitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.AI~,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesha
5、redbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards. Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincethee
6、mployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismi
7、ssedworkersbepaidasumofmoney basedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefrui
8、tsofautomation. 21.Thoughlabourworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itdoesnotdoubtthat A)automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment B)automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewsk
