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1、上学吧：http://www.shangxueba.com1990年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes) PassageOne Questions21to24arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofpro-ductivemachinery.Itred
2、ucesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisde-signedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution". Labour'sconcernoverautomationarisesfro
3、muncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemploy-ment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgr
4、owuparoundmanufacturing,main-taining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthe transitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.AI~,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandl
5、owercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards. Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplement
6、aryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunion
7、sareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoney basedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,that
8、labourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation. 21.Thoughlabourworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itdoesnotdoubtthat A)automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment B)automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewsk
