四川大学普通生物学考研名词解释

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1、普通生物学（林宏辉版）名词解释1.Chromatin染色质2.ribozyme核酶3.α-helixα-螺旋4.β-sheetβ-折叠5.subunit亚基6.prokaryoticcell原核细胞7.eukaryoticcell真核细胞8.plasmid质粒9.plasmamembrane细胞质膜10.passivetransport被动运输11.activetransport主动运输12.simplediffusion简单扩散13.plasmolysis质壁分离14.facilitateddiffusion易化扩散15.co-transport

2、协同运输16.endocytosis胞吞作用17.exocytosis胞吐作用18.plasmodesma胞间连丝19.smooth/roughER光面/糙面内质网20.lysosome溶酶体21.photosynthesis光合作用22.mitochondrion线粒体23.cellularrespiration细胞呼吸24.ribosome核糖体25.cytoskeleton细胞骨架26.histone组蛋白27.celljunction细胞连接28.amitosis/mitosis无丝/有丝分裂29.meiosis减数分裂30.cellcyc

3、le细胞周期31.checkpoint检验点32.celldifferentiation细胞分化33.totipotency细胞全能性34.totipotentcell全能性细胞35.stemcell干细胞36.oncogene癌基因37.HayflicklimitationHayflick界限38.telomere端粒39.apoptosis细胞凋亡40.necrosis细胞坏死41.contractilering收缩环42.homologouschromosome同源染色体43.synapsis联会44.MPF成熟促进因子45.Cyclin细胞

4、周期蛋白46.Tumorsuppressorgene肿瘤抑制基因47.Segregation分离48.Dominant/recessivecharacter显性/隐形性状49.Recombination重组50.Allele等位基因51.Incompletedominance不完全显性52.Codominance共显性53.Mosaicdominance嵌镶显性54.Epistaticeffect上位作用55.Linkagemap基因连锁图56.Dosagecompensationeffect计量补偿效应57.regulatorygene调节基因5

5、8.Promotor启动子59.Operator操纵基因60.Splitgene断裂基因61.exon外显子62.intron内含子63.enhancer增强子64.terminator终止子65.insutator绝缘子66.overlappinggene重叠基因67.centraldogma中心法则68.reversetranscription反转录69.semiconservativereplication半保留复制70.DNApolymeraseDNA聚合酶71.transcription转录72.templatestrand模板链73.c

6、odingstrand编码链74.degeneracy简并性75.wobblehypothesis摆动假说76.operon操纵子77.repressor阻遏蛋白78.anttenuation弱化作用79.antisenceRNA反义RNA80.RNAinterferenceRNA干扰81.site-specificrecombination位点专一性重组82.intergrativerecombination整合式重组1.transposon转座子2.genomics基因组学3.proteomics蛋白质组学4.mutation突变5.termi

7、naldeficiency顶端缺失6.interstitialdeficiency中间缺失7.duplication重复8.inversion倒位9.translocation易位10.spontaneousmutation自发突变11.inducedmutation诱发突变12.base-pairsubstitution碱基替换13.frameshiftmutation移码突变14.deletionmutation缺失突变15.missensemutation错意突变16.nonsensemutation无义突变17.neutralmutatio

8、n中性突变18.silentmutation沉默突变19.spontaneouslesion自发损伤20.dynamicm