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时间:2018-04-15
《我国农业鼠害发生状况及防控技术进展》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、庆祝《植物保护》创刊50周年专稿PlantProtection2013,39(5):62-69我国农业鼠害发生状况及防控技术进展郭永旺1,王登2,施大钊2(1.全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125;2.中国农业大学,北京100193)摘要我国的农业鼠害发生十分严重,全国31个省(市、自治区)农区均有发生。每年农田鼠害发生面积2000~2,造成的粮食损失可占总产量的5%~10%。草原鼠害发生也遍及青海等13个草原大省(自治区),每4000万hm年草原受灾面积达2500~4300万hm2左右,严重危害面积1500~2300
2、万hm2。近年,我国农业鼠害防治工作取得了长足进步,成绩斐然。农田鼠害的防治可占到发生面积的50%~80%,农户鼠害的防治数占到发生总数的80%以上。草原鼠害防治面积占严重危害面积的1/3。鼠害监测预警体系的软硬件建设被不断推进。毒饵站技术,抗药性监测等技术措施被用来优化传统化学灭杀法,以减少其环境副作用。不育控制,TBS技术和生态管理等新型可持续鼠害管理技术的研究和试验推广也取得了丰硕成果。指导相关鼠害防治方法实践的国家标准、行业标准及优化策略等陆续推出。综合运用各种技术和方法来控制鼠害的能力得到了很大加强。关键词农业鼠害
3、;防治进展;预测预警;毒饵站;抗药性;不育控制;TBS;生态治理中图分类号:S443文献标识码:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2013.05.009RodentdamagesandthemanagementofagriculturalrodentpestsinChina1,WangDeng2,ShiDazhao2GuoYongwang(1.NationalAgro-TechExtensionandServiceCenter,Beijing100125,China;2.CollegeofAgron
4、omyandBiotechnology,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100193,China)AbstractRodentpestsoccurredveryseriouslyinagriculturallandscapesandvillagesinChina.Theyhappenedin2almost31provinces(municipalitiesorautonomousregions).Rodentsoccupy20-40millionhmfarmlandsannu-ally,
5、typicallycausingannuallossesof5%-10%harvest.Ingrasslands,episodicoutbreaksofrodentsoccupy25to43millionhectaresannually,butheavierlosseswerecausedto15to23millionhectaresannually.Inrecentyears,managementofrodentpestshasmadegreatprogressinChina,andobtainedremarkableac
6、hievements.Ro-dentcontrolactivitiesimplementedinfarmlandsaccountfor50%-80%oftotalacreage;asforpeasanthouse-holds,itaccountsformorethan80%ofthetotal.Thecontrolareasingrasslandscoveraboutathirdoftheseri-ouslydamagedlands.Softwareandhardwareforrodentpestmonitoringande
7、arly-warningwereconstructed.Sometechniques,suchaspoisonbaitstation,rodenticideresistancemonitoring,wereusedtooptimizethetradi-tionalchemicalmethod,andminimizetheenvironmentaleffectsofrodenticides.Somenewsustainablepestman-agementtechniquessuchassterilecontrol,TBSte
8、chnologyandecologically-basedrodentmanagementwereexper-imented,andmaderapidprogress.Nationalstandards,industrystandards,andoptimizedmanagementstr
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