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2022-2023学年高一(下)期末学业质量联合调研抽测英语试题(分数：120分，时间：100分钟)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourPlacesNamedAfterScientistsinAntarcticaTherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomeninAntarctic.HerearefourlandmarksinAntarcticaandthefemalepioneersthey’renamedfor.JonesTerrace(梯田)Theice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica’sVictoriaLandbearsJones’name.In1969,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhadcollected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley’sice-coveredlakes.MountFiennes8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedforGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.In1985,FiennesbecamethefirstfemalewhowasinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarcticregion.FrancisPeakThe3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.PedenCliffsPedenCliffsnearAntarctica’sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,wheresheusedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavesspreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sice
sheets.1.WhichplaceisnamedafterabuilderofradiotowersintheAntarctic?A.JonesTerrace.B.MountFiennes.C.FrancisPeak.D.PedenCliffs.2.WhoprovedtheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctic?A.LoisM.Jones.B.GinnyFiennes.C.DameJaneFrancis.D.IrenePeden.3.WhatisspecialaboutIrenePeden?A.ShecouldjudgethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.B.Shediscoveredalotofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic.CShewasthefirstfemaleAmericantoexploretheAntarctic.D.Shecorrectlymeasuredthespreadingspeedofradiowaves.BAscitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.
“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.4.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A.Pocketparksarenowpopular.B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated.D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.5Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.6.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.7.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy.B.Environmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation.D.Interculturalcommunication.CWorkingoutexactlywhatstudentsandtaxpayersgetforthemoneytheyspendonuniversitiesisatrickybusiness.NowtheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),aParis-basedthink-tankforrichcountries,isplanningtomakethetaskabiteasier,byproducingthefirstinternationalcomparisonofhowsuccessfullyuniversitiesteach.“Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,”explainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD’sheadofeducationresearch.JustastheOECDassessesprimaryandsecondaryeducationbytestingrandomlychosengroupsofyoungstersfromeachcountryinreadingandmathematics,itwillsampleuniversitystudentstoseewhattheyhavelearned.Onceenoughuniversitiesaretakingpart,itmaypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountrystands,justasitnowdoesforcompulsoryeducation.Thatmayproduceafairerassessmentthanthetwoestablishedrankings,thoughtheBritishonedoestrytobroadenitsinquirybytakingopinionsfromacademicsandemployers.ThereismuchtobesaidfortheOECD’sapproach.OfcourseaNobellaureate’sviewonwheretostudymay
beworthhearing,butthoseprofessorsmaybesobusywritingandresearchingthattheyspendlittleornotimeteaching—abigweaknessatAmerica’sfamousuniversities.Andchangesinmethodologycanbringsurprisingshifts.Thehigh-flyingLondonSchoolofEconomics,forexample,tumbled(暴跌)from17thto59thintheBritishrankingspublishedlastweek,primarilybecauseitgotlesscreditthaninpreviousyearsfortheimpressivenumberofforeignstudentsithadmanagedtoattract.TheOECDplanawaitsapprovalfromaneducationministers’meetinginJanuary.Thefirstrankingsareplannedby2021.Theywillbeofinterestnotjustasaguideforshoppersintheglobalmarket,butalsoasindicatorsofperformanceindomesticmarkets.Theywillhelpacademicswonderingwhethertostayputorswitchjobs,studentschoosingwheretospendtheirtimeandmoney,andambitiousuniversitybosseswhowantasharpercompetitiveedgefortheirinstitution.ThetasktheOECDhassetitselfisformidable.Inmanysubjects,suchasliteratureandhistory,thesyllabusvarieshugelyfromonecountry,andevenonecampus,toanother.ButOECDresearchersthinkthatproblemcanbeovercomebyconcentratingonthetransferableskillsthatemployersvalue,suchascriticalthinkingandanalysis,andtestingsubjectknowledgeonlyinfieldslikeeconomicsandengineering,withabigcommoncore.Moreover,saysMrSchleicher,itisajobworthdoing.Today’srankings,hebelieves,donothelpgovernmentsassesswhethertheygetareturnonthemoneytheygiveuniversitiestoteachtheirundergraduates.Studentsoverlooksecond-rankinstitutionsinfavourofbignames,eventhoughthelessgrandmaybebetteratteaching.Worstofall,rankingbyreputationallowsfamousplacestocoastalong,whilemakinglifehardforfeistyupstarts.“Wewillnotbereflectingauniversity’shistory,”saysMrSchleicher,“butasking:whatisaglobalemployerlookingfor?”Afairquestion,evenifnoteverysinglestudent’sdestinyistoworkforamultinationalfirm.8.TheprojectbyOECDisaimedto__________.A.assessprimaryandsecondaryeducationofeachschoolthatsubscribetotheserviceB.appraisethelearningoutcomesofuniversitystudentsaspartoftheiracademicperformanceC.establishanewevaluationsystemforuniversitiesD.setupanewrankingforcompulsoryeducation9.TheassessmentmethodbyOECDisdifferentfromtheestablishedrankingsin__________.A.thatitsinquiryisbroaderastoincludeallthestudentsandstaffB.thatitssamplesarechosenrandomlybasedonstatisticalanalysisofmethodC.thatitattachesmoreimportancetothelearningefficiencyD.thatittakesopinionsfromthestudentstoseewhattheyhavelearnt
10.BythecaseofLondonSchoolofEconomies,theauthorwantstoshowthat__________.A.theOECD’sapproachisveryfairB.theNobellaureate’sopinionisnotworthhearingC.theBritishrankingspaymoreattentiontotheforeignstudentsD.differentassessmentmethodsmayleadtodifferentrankingresults11.TheOECD’srankingsystemwillprobablybewelcomedmostby__________.A.parentswhopayforthechildren’ssecondaryeducationB.thefamouscollegesC.thoseambitioussecond-rankinstitutionsD.shoppersintheglobalmarketDNewresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.Thestudyisthefirsttoanalysecircadianbloodpressurerhythms(节奏)infemalemice.Thebody’scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod—contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.Inmosthealthyhumans,bloodpressuredips(下降)atnight.Peoplewhodonotexperiencethistemporarydrop,called“non-dippers”,aremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.Thecircadianclockismadeupoffourmainproteins(encodedby“clockgenes”)thatregulateclosetohalfofallgenesinthebody,includingthoseimportantforbloodpressureregulation.Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.AresearchteamstudiedthecircadianresponseandbloodpressureoffemalemicethatlackPERIandcomparedthemwithahealthyfemalecontrolgroup.Onbothlow-andhigh-saltdiets,bothgroups“keptanapparentcircadianrhythm”ofbloodpressure,theresearchersexplained.Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPERIshowednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.TheseresultssuggestthatthelackofPER1actsdifferentlyinmalesandfemales.Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage.“Thisstudyrepresentsanimportantstepinunderstandingsexdifferencesintheregulationofcardiovascular(心血管的)functionbythecircadianclock,”theresearcherswrote.12Whatdoesthenewresearchfind?A.Biologicalclockmayprotectmalesfromheartdisease.
B.Biologicalbloodpressurerhythmsinfemalemiceactnormally.C.Biologicalclockorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod.D.Agenecontrollingbiologicalclockworksdifferentlybetweensexes.13.Whatrolecancircadianclockplayaccordingtothetext?A.Helpingmalescureheartdisease.B.Helpingbloodpressurevarynormally.C.Contributingtoabnormalvariationsinbloodpressure.D.Makingupfourmainproteinsregulatingalmosthalfofallgenes.14.ThelackofPRRI______A.hasthesameimpactonmalesandfemalesB.makesnodifferencetomalesCdoesharmtomale’shealthD.ismorelikelytoaffectfemale’shealth15.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.OneclockgeneisimportantB.WomenmaybenefitfrombodyclockC.NewstudyanalysesbloodpressurerhythmsD.Bloodpressureofhealthyhumansdipsatnight第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Envyisanaturalhumanemotion,andwewriterssufferfromitconstantly.Butifweallowit,ourenvywilleatusupinsideandturnsomethingweonceloved(writing)intosomethingwehatenow.____16____.Herearesomepracticalandeffectivestepsyoucanfollow.Remindyourselfwhyyouwrite.Iwritebecauseit’samainaspectofwhoIam.Itsatisfiesmeinawaynothingelsedoes.AlthoughI’mgladtocashwhatevercheckspublisherssendmethisisnotmypurpose.____17____.AslongasIrememberwhyIwrite,Idon’tfeelenviousofothers.Keepapositivecommentfile.I’velongkeptablurb(简介)filewhereIlistpositivecommentsreviewershavemadeaboutmywork.Iuse
theseblurbswhenitcomestimetopromotemywork.IalsoreadoverthemwhenIneedtoremindmyselfthatI’maprettygoodwriter.Itakescreenshots(截屏)ofpositivethingspeoplesayaboutmyworkonsocialmedia.____18________19____Youknowwhathappenswhenyoudon’tseepeoplepostingabouttheirwritingsuccessesallthetime?Youknownothingaboutthem.Andifyouknownothingaboutthem,youcan’tbeenviousofthem,canyou?Sosometimesleavingthesocialmediaalonemighthelpyoureducethechanceofbeingenvious.Livingyourlifeintherealnotthevirtualworldcanremindyouthatyourwritingcareerisaboutyou,notaboutanyoneelse.Notfocusonwritingonly.Youshouldbearinmindthattherearemorethingstoyourlifethanyourwritingcareer.Hopefullyyouhavefriendsandfamilywholoveyou.Spendsometimewiththem.Doyouhaveanyhobbiesthatdon’tinvolvewriting,somethingyoudoitsimplybecauseit’sfunandrelaxing?Dothatforawhile.Takeabreakforafewdaysanddon’tfeelguiltyaboutit.____20____A.Cutdownonsocialmedia.B.Paynoattentiontootherssuccesses.C.Usingblurbsmakemefeelsatisfiedandrelieved.D.AndIlookatthemwhenIneedanemotionalliftaswell.E.Iwritenotforsuchfinancialreward,butforemotionalreward.F.Therefore,howcanwelearntolivewithitandminimizeitseffects?G.Rechargingyourselfmentallyandemotionallyinturnbenefitsyourwriting.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IwrotemyfirstnovelwhenIwas22.Itwasamess.Ididn’tknowhowtoproperlyorganizedialoguesandstructureaplot(情节).Thosewereall____21____.Iplannedtoworkoutlater.Igavethebooktomyfathertoread,andheleftmeavoicemailinafewdayssayingthatitwas____22____andthatIwasgoingtosellitfor$300,000.____23____,andratherquickly,thebookwas____24____byeverypublisherinNewYork.IftherewerealiteraryprizeforMostRejections,Iwouldhavewonit.Iwas____25____:ofcourse,butIknewbetterthantogiveup—writingwasn’taneasyjob,andifthisbookwasn’tmy____26____in,maybethenextonewouldbe.Igotbacktowork.
Butthisscenario(剧情)happenedagain:Iwrotebooks...andthentheywouldn’t____27____.Still,myfather’sfaithinmeneverwavered(动摇),evenifIworkedahostofotherjobs.Someofthejobs,likebeingabookseller,weregreatand____28____tomywritinglife.Some,likesellingoverpricedjeansto12-year-olds,wereonlyinsofarastheywerematerialforfuture____29____.Andtheywere—becauseitfinally_____30_____.Isoldabook!Iwasgoingtomakeitbig!IcompletelyagreewiththemotivationspeakerandauthorJohnMaxwell’swords:“Successfulandunsuccessfulpeopledonotvarygreatlyintheirabilitiesbutintheir_____31_____toreachtheirpotential.”Life’snot_____32_____.Itneverwas,itisn’tnow,anditwon’teverbe.Butdonotfallintotheentitlementtrapoffeelingyouarea(n)_____33_____.Youarenot.Getoveritand_____34_____withit.Andyes,mostthingsaremore_____35_____whenyoubreakasweattogetthem.21.A.factsB.messagesC.meaningsD.details22.A.practicalB.complexC.wonderfulD.puzzling23.A.ButB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.Regardless24.A.rejectedB.acceptedC.abusedD.commended25.A.depressedB.amazedC.frightenedD.pleased26.A.cardB.ticketC.penD.bill27.A.writeB.buyC.workD.sell28.A.unearthedB.taughtC.ledD.contributed29.A.livesB.decisionsC.storiesD.jobs30.A.happenedB.failedC.madeD.passed31.A.requestB.orderC.recommendationD.desire32.A.sadB.anxiousC.hardD.easy33.A.athleteB.loserC.ownerD.winner34.A.makeupB.getalongC.giveoutD.passaway35.A.challengeB.demandingC.rewardingD.paying第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)语法填空BeCarefulontheInternetParentsofboysataSydneyprivateschoolhavebeenurgedtomonitortheirsons’useofsocialnetworkingwebsite,withawarning____36____anymistakesmadeinteenageyearscouldbepermanentlyrecordedontheInternetandcatchupwiththemlaterinlife.
Theheadmaster,TimothyWright,wrotetoparentsonThursday,____37____(explain)thatyoungerboysweretooimmaturetofullyunderstandthepossibleconsequencesofdisclosingprivateinformationonsocialnetworkingsites.“Wenowknowthatthosepartsofthebrain____38____dealwithdecision-makingarestilldevelopinginamaninhis20s,”hesaid.“Butmistakes____39____(commit)atfifteenmaybestillaccessibletoanemployertenyearslater.”Moderntechnologymeansthatacarelessword,anill-willedcommentoraninappropriatephotograph,areonpermanentrecordandfreelyavailableto____40____hasaccess.Stupiditiesthat____41____(forget)immediatelybeforenowlast,spreadanddamageinwaysunknownbeforethisdecade.DrWrightsaidthat____42____wordsspokenintheplaygroundcouldbemoreeasilyforgotten,thosecapturedontheInternetoronmobilephonetextmessagescouldhavefarmorelastingandmorehurtfulconsequences.HeurgedparentstosetgroundrulesforuseofmobilephonesandtheInternetandinparticulartosetboundariesontakingandsendingimagesthat____43____beusedtobullyothers.“ParentswhoarepayingfortheInternetservicehaveanunquestionableright____44____(insist)theyareafriendonsocialnetworkingwebsites.Iwouldcertainlyinsistonthis_____45_____atleasttheendof16ifnotlater,”hewrote.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论人类是否应该进行太空探索。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写封信，反映讨论结果，并提出自己的看法。40%的同学反对：1.浪费金钱，这些钱原本可以解决地球上的饥饿、贫困等问题；2.可能会污染太空里的环境。60%同学赞成：1.能更好地应对自然灾害；2.可进行地球上无法进行的科学实验。注意：1.词数100词左右；2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头已为你拟好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：贫困povertyDearEditor,Recentlyourclasshavehadaheateddiscussionaboutwhetheritisworthwhileformankindtoexplorethespace.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ThechainofkindnessTherainwascomingdownsohardthateachdropseemedtoexplodeasithittheroofofthecar.Tomlookedoutintothecoal-blacknight,strugglingdesperatelytokeephiscarontheroad.TherainbeatdowncontinuouslyandtheroadwasdesertedexceptforTomandhiscar.Tomcouldseehiswheelchairinthebackseatfromtherear-viewmirrorandquicklylookeddownathisthin,brokenlegs.Hecouldfeelafamiliarwaveofdespairstarttowashoverhim.Suddenly,aloudnoiseshookhimoutofhismomentofhopelessnessasthecarbegantobumpdowntheroad.“Great,”hethought,“aflattyre.”Withaheavysigh,Tombroughtthecartoastop,restinghisheadonthesteeringwheel,defeated!Afterafewseconds,helookedupandpeeredoutofthewindow.Inthedistance,hecouldseealighttwinklingintheblackness.WhenTomapproachedthehouse,ayounggirlaroundtenyearsoldwasstandinginthedoorway.Hepulledupandrolleddownthewindow.“Areyourparentsathome?”heshoutedoverthewindandrain.“IhaveaflattyreandIneedhelp.”“Waitaminute,”thegirlrepliedandwentintothehouse.Afewminuteslater,shereturnedwithanoldman.Thegirlheldhisarmandsmiledlovinglyupathim.Tomexplainedtheproblemtotheoldmanandadded,“Ineedhelpbecausemylegsareparalyzed.”Thewordscameoutflat.Buthedidnotknowhowelsehecouldconveythefactthatheneededhelpfromthisweakoldmaninthemiddleoftherainstorm.Theoldmansimplynodded.Theoldmanandthelittlegirlconcentratedontheirworkandtherainwassoakingthem.Onceagain,Tomcouldn’thelpbutfeelhewasuseless.Soontheoldmansteppedtothewindow.“You’reallset,”hesaid.Tomhandedsomemoneytotheoldman,buthemadenomovetotakeit.Finally,theyounggirlsaid,“Grandfatherisblind.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Tomdidnotknowwhattosay.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Inspiredbythechanceencounter,Tomstartedtoseeeverythingdifferently.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
