2023届高三英语总复习 （译林版2020）选择性必修第三册Unit4 Protecting Our Heritage Sites（教师版）.docx

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Unit4ProtectingOurHeritageSites重点词汇1．civilizationn．文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界2．preservevt.维护，保护，保存；维持3．ruinvt.破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭n．毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁4．conflictn．(军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi.冲突，抵触5．civiladj.国民的；国家的；民事的6．ecologyn．生态，生态学7．agendan．计划，方案；议程表，议事日程8．collapsevi.倒塌，坍塌；昏倒n．昏倒；倒塌9．suspendvt.暂停；悬，挂10．incidentn．事件；冲突11．forecastvt.预测，预报n．预测，预报12．votevt.&vi.投票，表决n．选票；投票13．splendourn．壮丽，雄伟14．intenseadj.很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情的，热切的；激烈的15．humblevt.使感到谦卑，使感到自惭adj.谦虚的，谦卑的16．pursuevt.追求，致力于，执行；追逐17．submitvt.&vi.提交，呈递；屈服18．emergevi.出现；暴露；露头19．stringn．一批，一连串，一系列；线；弦20．cottonn．棉织物；棉，棉花21．initiativen．倡议，新方案；主动性22．milestonen．重要阶段，里程碑23．showcasen．展示的场合；玻璃柜台24．elsewhereadv.在(或去)别处25．feen．费；报酬26．banvt.明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事n．禁令词汇拓展1．awevt.使惊叹，使敬畏n．敬畏，惊叹→awesomeadj.令人敬畏的；使人畏惧的；可怕的；极好的2．urgentadj.紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的→urgencyn．紧急；催促3．incredibleadj.极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的→incrediblyadv.令人难以置信地4．violencen．暴力，暴行；狂热，激情→violentadj.暴力的；猛烈的→violentlyadv.猛烈地；剧烈地 5．specialistn．专家；专科医生adj.专业的→specialadj.特别的；专门的；特殊的6．assessvt.评估，评定；估算→assessmentn．评定；评估7．consultationn．咨询，商讨；就诊→consultvt.咨询；请教；商量；查阅8．divisionn．分歧；分开，分隔→dividev．分割；划分；分配9．architectn．建筑师；设计师→architecturen．建筑学；建筑设计10．operatorn．操作人员，技工；接线员→operatev．工作；运转；操作→operationn．手术；运转11．cooperationn．合作，协作；协助，配合→cooperatevi.合作，配合；协力12．interruptvt.打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断vi.打扰，插嘴→interruptionn．打扰；插嘴13．conservationn．保护；保持→conservevt.保护；保存14．reserven．自然保护区；储备vt.预订；预留；保留→reservationn．预约，预订；保留15．primitiveadj.简陋的，落后的；原始的，远古的→primitivelyadv.最初地；原始地16．assignvt.指定，指派；分配；确定→assignmentn．分配；任务17．wooln．毛织物；羊毛→woollen/woolenadj.毛纺的；羊毛的18．expansionn．扩展，扩大，膨胀→expandv．扩展，扩大，增加19．entryn．进入；参与，加入；参赛→entervt.进入重点词组1．(使)磨损，(使)逐渐磨平weardown2．(正常使用造成的)磨损，损耗wearandtear3．采取行动takeaction4．为了……的利益forthebenefitof5．属于belongto6．forinstance例如7．take...asanexample以……为例8．atthethoughtof一想到9．onpurpose故意10．takeapart拆开11．成形，有了模样takeshape12．是……所在地behometo13．为……感到自豪beproudof14．传递passon15．此外inadditionto16．takeone’sbreathaway令人惊叹；让人叹绝17．serveas充当18．contributeto有助于，促成 19．raisefunds筹集资金20．callfor提倡，呼吁重点句型1．the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..Asisoftenthecase，themoreyouspeakEnglish，thebetteryourEnglishwillbecome.情况常常如此，你说英语越多，你的英语水平就会越高。2．ifpossibleIfpossible，IhopeyoucanhelpustolearnmoreaboutEnglishandWesternculture.如果可能的话，我希望你能帮助我们更多地了解英语和西方文化。3．thereisnodoubtthat...毫无疑问……Thereisnodoubtthattakingpartinthephysicalexerciseshelpsbuildupourstrength.毫无疑问，参加体育锻炼有助于增强我们的体力。4．with复合结构Withabigstadiumbuiltneartheplayground，students’requirementofsportshasbeensatisfied.知识点01Ifso，youmightalreadyunderstandwhyUNESCOisfightingtopreservesitesofculturalandnaturalimportancetomankind.preservevt.维护，保护，保存；维持n．保护区(1)preserve...from...保护……免受……(2)naturepreserve自然保护区(3)well-preserved保存良好的[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Althoughmostpeoplewishtopreservethesplendidartwork，I’mafraidthattourismisanotherreasonwhyitisdisappearing.②EnvironmentalorganizationswanttopreservethelandsurroundingtheWilgrinnWildernessAreafromresidentialdevelopment.③We’lltakeyouuptoWestfield’snaturepreserveforashorthikeortopracticeskippingstonesinthelargepond.④Xitangisariversidetownwithahistoryofmorethan1,000years，whosewell-preservedbuildingsareunmatchedbyanyotherresort.西塘是一个具有一千多年历史的水乡古镇，其保存完好的建筑群是其他旅游景点所比不了的。[单句语法填空/完成句子/单句写作]①Thesocietywassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciesextinction.②，moreanimalsarelikelytobecomeextinct. 如果没有自然保护区，很有可能更多的动物将要灭绝。③(应用文写作之环境保护)我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。.【答案】1.from2.Withoutnaturepreserves3.Wehavetakeneffectivemeasurestopreserveournaturalresources知识点2Unfortunately，theyfaceavarietyofdangersandmanyofthemareinurgentneedofprotection.urgentadj.紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的(1)Itisurgentthat...(should)dosth.……是紧急的(2)urgevt.催促；极力主张；驱策n．强烈的欲望；冲动urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事urgesth.on/uponsb.极力主张某人某事urge/Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.极力主张……haveanurgetodosth.很想做某事(3)urgencyn．紧急；催促[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Thecaptainhadanurgentthingtodealwithandthatwaswhyhedidn’tattendthemeeting.②Jack’sparentsurgedaccommodationinschoolon/uponhimwhilehewasstudyinginAustralia.③Themotherhadanurgetounfoldherson’sletteralthoughsheknewitwasimproper.[单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换]①Undernocircumstancescanweignorethe(urgent)ofprotectingtheenvironment.②(应用文写作之体育运动)Parentsshouldactivelytojoinsportsteams.父母应积极督促他们的孩子利用这次机会加入运动队。③Therefore，itisurgentthatweandmakeourroadssafe.因此，迫在眉睫的是，我们应该采取措施来减少交通事故并确保道路安全。④(应用文写作之环境保护)Environmentalexpertsurgepeopletoreuseandrecycleplasticbags.→Environmentalexpertsurgethatpeople.→thatpeople(should)reuseandrecycleplasticbags.【答案】1.urgency2.urgetheirchildrentotakeadvantageoftheopportunity3.(should)takemeasurestoreducetrafficaccidents4.(should)reuseandrecycleplasticbags，Itisurgedbyenvironmentalexperts知识点3Aftercloseconsultationwiththespecialists，thelocalgovernmentcouldn’tagreeonhowtomaketherepairssafely.consultationn．咨询，商讨；就诊consultv.咨询；请教；商量；查阅；参看consultsb.about/onsth.请教某人某事 consultwithsb.和某人商量/与某人磋商consultadictionary查字典[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①ImadeupmymindtomajorinEnglishinthefutureafterconsultationwithmyparentsandteachers.②Ifyouhaveanydoubtsaboutyourhealth，you’dbetterconsultyourdoctoratonce.③Youshouldconsultwithyourparentsbeforeyoumakeanycrucialdecision.温馨提示：“查词典”表达如下：①consultadictionary/refertoadictionary②lookupawordinadictionary[单句语法填空/一句多译]①Subsequently，thedoctorconsultedhiscolleaguesabouttheoperationonthepatient.②AsfarasI’mconcerned，(consult)andcommunicationareofvitalimportance.③(应用文写作之建议信)如果你不理解某些单词，可以查词典。→Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomewords，.(refer)→Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomewords，.(lookup)→Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomewords，.(consult)【答案】1.with2.consultation3.youcanrefertothedictionary，youcanlookthemupinthedictionary，youcanconsultthedictionary知识点4Themoreweacknowledgetheoutstandinguniversalvalueofourheritagesites，themorelikelywearetotreatthemwithrespect.the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...(1)“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”意为“越……就越……”，表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级...”是表示条件的状语从句；在表示将来意义的情况时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。第二个“the＋比较级...”是主句，用一般将来时。[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①It’swidelyacknowledgedthatthemorebooksyouread，themoreknowledgeyoucanget.②Thelowertheairtemperatureis，themorequicklytheheatcanbereleased.③Themoresupportyouwinfromothers，thefasteryouwillmakeyourwaytoyourgoal.[单句语法填空/单句写作]①Theguythinksthemorepossessionshepossesses，thehappier(happy)hewillbe.②Thestrongerthemotivationis，the(quickly)apersonwilllearnaforeignlanguage.③你读的这个报纸上的文章越多，你就会越喜欢它。 .【答案】1.happier2.morequickly3.Themorearticlesyoureadinthisnewspaper，themoreyouwilllikeit知识点5Beforewebegin，Iwanttoaskyou：haveyoueverbeenawedbynaturalwonders？awevt.使惊叹，使敬畏n．敬畏，惊叹(1)inaweof敬畏(2)awedadj.充满敬畏的，畏怯的beawedby对……感到敬畏(3)awesomeadj.令人敬畏的；使人畏惧的；可怕的；极好的①AngkorWathasvisitorssinceitwasfirstbuiltintheearly12thcentury.吴哥窟自从12世纪早期初建时就令参观者们惊叹不已。②WhileDianawashergrandfather,sheadoredhergrandmother.黛安娜敬畏她的祖父，但敬佩她的祖母。③LikeallChinesepeople，Iam(awe)bythesacrificesmadebytheastronautsandtheirfamilies.像所有的中国民众一样，我敬畏航天员和他们的家人所做出的牺牲。④NiagaraFallsare670metresinwidthandfall56metresinan(awe)whitesheetofwater.尼亚加拉瀑布宽670米，白色水幕飞流直下56米，令人叹为观止。【答案】1.awed2.inaweof3.awed4.awesome知识点6Naturaldisasters，thesuddenandpowerfulnaturalforces，canleadtothedestructionofheritagesites：in2003，aterribleearthquakeshooksouth-easternIranandruinedlargepartsofthecityofBam，anincredibleUNESCOculturalheritagesite.ruinvt.破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭n．毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁(1)ruinoneself毁掉自己(2)inruins严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃，垮掉fallintoruin毁灭；成为废墟①Itwasthatmistakethathischanceofcompletingthemission.正是那个错误使他失去了完成任务的机会。②Whentheyrushedtotheurbanareathenextday，theyfoundtheirneighbourhood.第二天，当他们赶到市区时，他们发现他们的附近一带成了一片废墟。③Ifyouwastetimedoingnothing，you.如果你浪费时间什么都不做，你会毁了自己。④Whatsaddeneduswasthattheheritagesiteinaninstantintheearthquake.令我们痛心的是，这片遗址在地震中瞬间成为一片废墟。 【答案】1.ruined2.inruins3.willruinyourself4.fellintoruin知识点7Insomeconflictareaswherecivilwarsoftenbreakout，fightershaveevendestroyedheritagesitesonpurpose.conflictn．(军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi.冲突，抵触(1)inconflictwith与……有冲突comeintoconflictwith与……产生冲突(2)conflictwith与……相冲突①Culturalcanoccurwheneveryoutravel，buteveryonceinawhiletheyhappeninsometrulyunexpectedways.当你旅行时，文化冲突可能会发生，但偶尔会以一些真正意想不到的方式发生。②Myniecefoundherselfherparentsoverherfuturecareer.我侄女发现自己在未来的事业上与父母发生了冲突。③Heoftenhisclassmates，whichannoyshisparents.他经常和同学们发生冲突，这让他的父母很烦恼。④Imyparentsonwhichheritagesitetopayavisitto.我和父母在去游览哪个遗址上发生了冲突。【答案】1.conflicts2.inconflictwith3.comesintoconflictwith4.conflictwith知识点8Ifso，youmightalreadyunderstandwhyUNESCOisfightingtopreservesitesofculturalandnaturalimportancetomankind.ifso(1)ifso意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，so代替前面提到的句子。(2)由if构成的此类省略形式还有：ifnot如果不，不然的话ifnecessary如果必要的话ifany如果有的话ifpossible如果可能的话ifever如果有过/发生过的话①Theyassumeshemaytrytophone.，someonemuststayhere.他们认为她可能来电话。要是这样的话，就得有人守在这儿。②(应用文写作之环境保护)Inaword，wemustpreservethewateraswellasfindwaystoreuseit.，thelastdropofwaterwillbeourteardrop.总之，我们必须保护水资源并寻找再利用水的方法。否则，最后一滴水将是我们的眼泪。 ③，cometousonFridaywhenitisconvenienttoyou.如果可能的话，星期五你方便的时候来我们这里。④，thepatientcanconsulthisdoctorforfurtheradvice.如果必要的话，病人可向自己的医生咨询以得到更多的建议。⑤Thepurposeoftheseexperimentswastoexploretheconnection，，betweenthetwophenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。【答案】1.Ifso2.Ifnot3.Ifpossible4.Ifnecessary5.ifany知识点9Theysubmittedtheproposalwhichcontaineddetailedresearchonthe33sitesalongthecorridor.(教材P53)submitvt.&vi.提交，呈递；屈服submitsth.to...向某人或组织呈交/递交……submit(oneself)to...屈服于……[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①It’svitalthatyoushouldsubmityourreportstoyourprofessorbeforethedeadline.②Theyhadnochoicebuttosubmit(themselves)tothecourt’sjudgementintheend.[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Undernocircumstancesshouldwesubmit(we)toanydifficulty.②(应用文写作之征稿启事)You’dbetterbeforethedeadline.你最好在截止日期前提交申请。【答案】1.ourselves2.submittheapplication知识点9FurtherwestontheSilkRoad，thegeographygraduallychangesfromwilddesertstohigh，snow-cappedmountainstovastgrasslandsastheroutespassthroughthesplendidTianshanMountainsandemergeintherollingvalleysofCentralAsia.emergevi.出现；暴露；露头(1)emergefrom自……出现；从……显露出来emergefromsth.(从困境或苦难经历中)幸存下来/摆脱出来Ithasemergedthat...真相是……；事已清楚(2)emergencen．出现，浮现；发生；露头[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①It’swidelyacknowledgedthataperson’shiddentalentisnotabouttoemergeverysoon.②Iftheastronautmissesthisopportunity，hemayneveremergefromthedarkcloudoffailure.③IthasemergedthattheministerhatchedtheplotlastFriday. [单句语法填空/完成句子]①Asthesunemergedtheblackclouds，ourheartsliftedforwecouldgoouttoplayinthesuburbagain.②The(emerge)ofthecompassisofvitalsignificancetoancientnavigation.③(应用文写作之议论文)It’sinlifethatmakesusstrongerandstronger.正是历经生活中所有的起伏才使我们变得越来越坚强。【答案】1.from2.emergence3.emergingfromalltheupsanddowns知识点10Assignedbytheemperor，theambassadorZhangQianjourneyedfromChang’antoCentralAsia，seekingtobuildbridgesbetweentheHanDynastyandtheWesternRegions.assignvt.指定，指派；分配；确定(1)assignsth.tosb./assignsb.sth.给某人分配(某物)；分派，布置(工作、任务等)assignsb.todosth.分派某人做某事(2)assignmentn．分配；任务；作业；功课[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Theyvolunteertobeassignedtoteachinruralareasbecausetheyareeagertohelpdevelopruraleducation.②Myfirstassignmentasanamateurjournalistwastointerviewafamousastronomerwhowasprofessionalandhadtakenmanyadmirablephotographs.[单句语法填空/句型转换]①NeverwillZhouYangforgethisfirst(assign)attheofficeofapopularEnglishnewspaper.②Inviewofthedifferentfoundationsofthestudents，theteacherassignedadifferenttasktoeachofthem.→Inviewofthedifferentfoundationsofthestudents，theteacher.【答案】1.assignment2.assignedeachofthemadifferenttask知识点11Asanationalparkandnaturereserve，JiuzhaigouValley，justnorthoftheSichuanBasin，ishometomightysnow-cappedmountains，thickforestsalivewithwildlife，impressivewaterfallsandlakessobluethattheytakeourbreathaway.reserven．自然保护区；储备vt.预订；预留；保留(1)naturereserve自然保护区reservearoom预订房间(2)reservationn．预订；保留makeareservation预订(房间、座位等)withoutreservation毫无保留地①Accordingtothejudgementmadebysomeexperts，thiswouldhaveanextremelypositiveeffectonthelocalecosystem. 根据一些专家的判断，这个自然保护区将对当地的生态系统产生非常积极的影响。②It’swiseainthehotelbeforeyoupayavisittotheurbanarea.去市区参观前在旅馆预订一个房间是明智的做法。③Thecaptaininsistedthathewouldacceptmyadvice.队长坚持说他会毫无保留地接受我的建议。【答案】1.naturereserve2.toreservearoom3.withoutreservation知识点12FollowingZhang’sefforts，traderoutestookshapeandrelationshipswerestrengthenedbetweenthemajorpowersofthetime，withtheroutesnetworkreachingasfarastheRomanEmpire.takeshape成形，有了模样(1)intheshapeof...呈……的形状ingoodshape身体健康outofshape身体不好；变形(2)beshapedlike...形状像……①In1912women’seventswereadded，andthemodernOlympicprogrammebeganto.1912年增加了女子项目，现代奥林匹克运动会开始初具雏形。②Intheexhibitionsomesculptureswerefruits.在展览中，有些雕塑是水果形状的。③Heisforamanofhisage.对他这个年龄的人来说，他这身体算是不错了。④Youhavebeensittingonmycap.Nowitis.你一直坐在我的帽子上。现在它变形了。【答案】1.takeshape2.intheshapeof3.ingoodshape4.outofshape知识点13Theintroductionofnon-nativespeciesisbanned.banvt.明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事n．禁令(1)bansb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事(2)abanon...……禁令①(应用文写作之议论文)Recently，therehasbeenaheateddiscussionaboutwhethercellphonesshouldbeatschool.最近，关于是否应该在学校禁止使用手机有一场激烈的讨论。②Meanwhile，thegovernmenthasalsoimposedabanpublicadvertisingofcigarettesforyears.同时，政府多年来也禁止香烟的公共广告。 ③Driversshouldiftheyarefoundtobreakthetrafficrules.司机如果被发现违反交通规则，就应该被禁止驾驶车辆。【答案】1.banned2.on3.bebannedfromdriving随堂练习一Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thearchitectdecidedtoresignfromthepartyratherthansubmithimselfthenewdisciplines.2．I’mwritingtoexpressmysincereapologyformycarelessmistakeinmy(assign)．3．Topreserveanimals，animalrightsgroupsarecallingforabanallanimalperformances.4．“It’ssuchaniceplace，”theoperatorsaidasshesatatthetable(reserve)forher.【答案】1.to2.assignment3.on4.reservedⅡ.完成句子1．Bynomeanswouldtheytheviolenceinthisconflict.他们绝不会在这场冲突中向暴力屈服。2．Thewomancomplainedaboutthetask.这位女士抱怨分配给她的任务。3．Myniececalledtherestaurantandinadvance.我侄女打电话给餐馆提前订了座位。4．Thenthemandrewapicture.然后这个人画了一张形状像一个大香蕉的画。【答案】1.submit2.(which/thatwas)assignedtoher3.madeareservation4.shapedlikeabigbanana二Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Everyoneshouldbeawareoftheimportanceand(urgent)ofprotectingtheculturalheritage.2．The(ruin)oftheancientcityareofgreatculturalvalueandshouldbepreservedforresearchinthefuture.3．Thecrewwere(awe)bythemilitaryparadeontheNationalDay，whichhadagreatinfluenceonthem.4．Whenhisviewconflictshisparents’，healwaysadoptshisparents’suggestions.5．IdecidedtoapplyforadmissiontoShandongUniversityafter(consult)withmyparents.【答案】1.urgency2.ruins3.awed4.with5.consultation6Ⅱ.完成句子1．Itisourcommonresponsibilityto.保护我们的文化遗产是我们的共同责任。 2．Nomatterhowmuchstressyouhave，stopandhavearestforawhile.不管你有多大的压力，如果可能的话，停下来休息一会儿。3．Ontheotherhand，itisurgentthatthegovernment.另一方面，迫在眉睫的是，政府应该立即采取措施来保持自然平衡。4．，themoregoodluckwillcomebacktoyou.你帮助别人越多，就会有越多的好运回馈给你。【答案】1.preserveourculturalheritage2.ifpossible3.(should)takeimmediatemeasurestokeepthebalanceofnature4.ThemoreyouhelpothersActivity1　读文探究阅读下列句子，认真感悟加黑部分，并完成方框下的小题。1．...，butnoonecandenythefactthattheywereconstructedinthe13thcenturyBCE.2．Theycouldnotpreventtheconstructionofthedamandtheyhadnoideawhetherthetemplescouldbesavedfromtherisingwaters.3．Someexperts，however，hadafeelingthatitwaspossible.4．Atfirst，theyhadnoideawhichwaycouldwork.5．Furthermore，theexpertshadnocluewhetheranypartsofthetempleswouldbreakduringtransport.6．...，butwehavethebeliefthatwewillneedthiskindofcooperationinheritagepreservation.1．同位语从句通常跟在抽象名词后面解释说明其内容。2．常使用that，whether或疑问词来引导同位语从句。3．可以跟同位语从句的名词有fact，idea，doubt，belief，news，opinion等。Activity2　语法精析一、定义在复合句中充当同位语的从句，叫作同位语从句。同位语从句通常跟在名词后面，解释说明名词的内容。Thereisnodoubtthattheassistantisfitforthisjob.毫无疑问，这位助理适合这一工作。Ihadnoideawheretheirweddingwastobeheld.Maybeinthehotel，Ithink.我不知道他们的婚礼将在哪里举行。我想也许在酒店里吧。二、连接词的用法1．that引导的同位语从句that引导同位语从句本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。I’vecometotheconclusionthatitisunwisetoinsistonyourviewinthecircumstances. 我得出结论，在这种情况下坚持你的观点是不明智的。HereferredtoCopernicus’statementthattheearthmovesroundthesun.他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。2．whether引导的同位语从句whether引导同位语从句意为“是否”，但不充当句子成分；if不可引导同位语从句。Theusersofsmartwatcheshavebroughtupsomedoubtwhethertheirprivacywillbeviolated.智能手表用户对自己的隐私是否会受到侵犯提出了一些疑问。Thequestioncameupatthemeetingwhetherwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.我们是否有足够的钱进行我们的研究，这个问题在会议上被提出来了。3．连接代词引导的同位语从句连接代词who，whom，what，which等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作名词或代词所作的成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。若缺少连接代词，则从句不完整。Thequestionwhoshoulddothejobrequiresconsidering/tobeconsidered.谁应该做这个工作的问题还需考虑。Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtothecaptaininthepastseveralyears.我不知道在过去几年里这个船长发生了什么事。4．连接副词引导的同位语从句连接副词when，where，why，how等不但起连接作用，还在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。Ihaven’tansweredthequestionhowIwilldealwiththematter.我还没有回答我将如何处理这件事的问题。Thedecisionwhenweshouldgetstartedhasn’tbeenmade.我们什么时候开始还没有决定。三、同位语从句中应注意的问题1．同位语从句的位置(1)同位语从句常跟在某些抽象名词(如idea，news，fact，promise，hope，message等)后面。Thenewsthatourvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.我们的排球队赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。(2)有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所修饰的名词后，而被别的词隔开，在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。Thethoughtcametoherthatmaybeshehadleftthedooropenwhenshelefthome.她突然想起她可能在离开家时没把门关上。2．某些名词(如demand，advice，suggestion，requirement等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。Theywerefacedwiththedemandthatthistax(should)beabolished.他们面对废除这种税的要求。Thesuggestionthatthenewrule(should)beadoptedcamefromthechairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。3．同位语从句和定语从句的区别(1)从性质上区别定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，是名词的具体内容，属于名词性从句的范畴。ImadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefreeIwouldmakehimveryrich.我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明promise的内容)Themothermadeapromisethatpleasedallherchildren.妈妈做出了一个令她所有的孩子都高兴的许诺。(定语从句，promise在从句中作pleased的主语)(2)引导词that的区别that引导定语从句时，作从句的一个成分，有时可用which替换，作宾语时常常省略；而that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.昨天我们收到了应派几个人去帮别的小组的命令。(同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，但不能省略)Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮别的小组。(定语从句，修饰名词order，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以用which替换，也可以省略)随堂练习Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空1．Ihavenoideathenewtreatywilltakeeffectnextmonthornot.2．Alongwiththeletterwashispromisehewouldvisitmethenextmonth.3．ThereisnodoubtonedayhumanswillfindacuretodealwithAIDS.4．Theseteachershavenoideaitisliketoearnone’slivinginindustryorcommerce.5．Wordcameanothertrainstationwouldsoonbereadyinourcity.6．TheyquarreledoverthequestionintroducedwhiteagriculturetotheDevelopmentZone.7．Theboyhadnoideahecouldgetalongwellwiththenewclassmates.8．Thequestionthegasisharmfultopeople’shealthisnotclear.9．Thepossibilitythereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniversehasalwaysinspiredscientiststoexploretheouterspace.10．CanyoutellmethewayIcanimprovemyEnglish?【答案】1.whether2.that3.that4.what5.that6.who7.how8.whether9.that10.(that)Ⅱ.单句写作1．我们迟早要面对这样一个事实，那就是我们总有一天要离开父母独立生活。. 2．毫无疑问，在新鲜的空气中锻炼对健康有好处。.3．就我们是否应该鼓励人们养宠物的问题，专家们展开了争论。.4．你相信“有志者事竟成”这句谚语吗？?5．我们怎样才能帮助他戒烟这个问题最近一直困扰着我们。.【答案】1.Soonerorlater，wewillfacethefactthatwehavetoleaveourparentsandliveonourown2.Thereisnodoubtthatdoingexerciseinthefreshairisgoodforhealth3.Expertsargueaboutthematterwhetherweshouldencouragepeopletokeeppets4.Doyoubelieveintheproverbthatwherethereisawill，thereisaway5.Thequestionhowwecanhelphimgetridofsmokinghasbeenbotheringusrecently写作园地本单元的写作任务是写一篇呼吁保护遗址的文章。写这篇文章时应该注意以下方面：1．确保文中使用非常清晰且直接的语言。必要时也可以使用情态动词来表达保护遗址的义务。2．有效的结尾段落对于一篇成功的文章来说至关重要。在文章的结尾可以通过一个有趣的陈述或对未来的预测来总结要点。一些常用的表达方式，如：inconclusion，toconclude，tosumup，insummary可以用来进行总结。常用表达1．Heritagesitesrepresenthistoricdevelopmentandhumancivilization.2．Theyhelpustolearnaboutwhathappenedinthepast.3．Havingsurvivedforalongtime，theyarevaluableculturalresources.4．Nowadays，manyheritagesiteshavealreadybeendestroyedandhundredsofothersarefacingthedangerofdisappearing.5．Sohowtoprotectthemhasbeenourtaskoftoppriority.6．Howtoprotectthemhasbecomeanurgentneed.7．People’sawarenessof...shouldbeimproved.8．Thegovernmentshouldshoulderthemainresponsibilityofprotectingthem.9．Ifnecessary，lawsshouldbemadeto...10．Toconclude，...isatthetopoftheagendaforthebenefitofallmankind. 目前，全世界很多遗址正在受到破坏甚至面临消失的危险。请你以“HowtoProtectHeritageSites”为题，用英语写一篇短文并向校英文报投稿。第一步　审题谋篇[审题]写作要求是写一篇呼吁保护遗址的文章，写作时应注意下面几点：1．确定文体：这是一篇说明文。写作时注意说明文的写作特点。2．主体时态：文章以一般现在时为主。3．主体人称：人称以第一人称和第三人称为主。[谋篇]第一段：说明保护遗址的重要性；第二段：就如何保护我们的遗址提出你的想法；第三段：总结要点，号召人们采取行动。第二步　遣词造句[核心词汇]1．人类的智慧thewisdomofhuman2．处于……的危险中indangerof3．急需有效的保护inurgentneedofeffectiveprotection4．提高人们的意识raisepeople’sawareness5．承担主要责任shoulderthemainresponsibility[连词成句]1．遗址代表了自然的力量和人类的智慧。Heritagesitesrepresentthepowerofnatureandthewisdomofhuman.2．一些遗址正面临消失的危险。Someheritagesitesareindangerofdisappearing.3．它们急需得到有效保护。Theyareinurgentneedofeffectiveprotection.4．我们应该通过公开教育人们如何保护遗址来提高人们的意识。Weshouldraisepeople’sawarenessofprotectingheritagesitesbyteachingpeoplepubliclyabouthowtodothis.5．一些人故意破坏它们。Somepeopledestroythemonpurpose.6．应该制定法律来惩罚那些人。Lawsshouldbemadetopunishthosepeople.第三步　句式升级1．用定语从句合并句1和句2Heritagesitesrepresentthepowerofnatureandthewisdomofhuman，someofwhichareindangerofdisappearing. 2．用it充当形式主语改写句3It’surgentthatthey(should)beprotectedeffectively.3．用定语从句合并句5和句6Lawsshouldbemadetopunishthosewhodestroythemonpurpose.第四步　组句成篇用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。参考范文Heritagesitesrepresentthepowerofnatureandthewisdomofhuman，someofwhichareindangerofdisappearing.Soit’surgentthatthey(should)beprotectedeffectively.Firstofall，weshouldprotecttheenvironment.Besides，weshouldraisepeople’sawarenessofprotectingheritagesitesbyteachingpeoplepubliclyabouthowtodothis.Furthermore，thegovernmentshouldshoulderthemainresponsibilitytoprotectthem.Ifnecessary，lawsshouldbemadetopunishthosewhodestroythemonpurpose.Toconclude，theprotectionofheritagesitesisatthetopoftheagendaforthebenefitofallmankind.分层提分题组A基础过关练一Ⅰ.单词拼写1．It’swidelyacknowledgedthatenvironmentaldamagethreatensthewholeof(文明)．2．Inthepast，theUNstayedoutoftheaffairsofcountriesunlessinvitedin.3．Inaword，allofthesebothering(结果)arelinkedtoalackofphysicalexercise.4．Thesurroundingareasufferedaheavyrainwhichkilled44people，made21missingandalargeareaofcrops.5．It’sobviousthatnotall(专家)willbeconvincedoftheastronomer’sopinion.6．Thematchhadjustbegunwhenitrainedcatsanddogssoitwas.7.Strengtheningpeople’shealthhasthusbecomeapriorityonnationalandglobal(议程表)．8．Tomyastonishment，mylittlesonheldfirmopinionswhichusually(冲突)withmine.【答案】1.civilization2.internal3.outcomes4.ruined5.specialists6.suspended7.agendas8.conflictedⅡ.单句语法填空1.(incredible)，theguywasdismissedbyhiscompany，whichbotheredhisparentsalot.2．Undernocircumstancescanallcitizensdo(violent)topublicfacilities.3．Thesculptureshowis(awe)soit’sreallyapitythatyoudidn’tmakeitlastnight.4．Firstaidrequiresrapid(assess)ofvictimstodecidewhetherlife-threateningconditionsexist. 5．Fivecrewmembersnarrowlyescapeddeathwhenastaircase(collapse)beneaththeirfeet.6．Ithinkthere’satrainatmidday.If，you’llhavetowaittill12∶30atthesuburbanstation.【答案】1.Incredibly2.violence3.awesome4.assessment5.collapsed6.notⅢ.单句写作1．在我看来，人们越感兴趣，他们获得的知识就越多。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...).2．如果可能的话，每天尽量在同一时间睡觉和起床。(ifpossible).3．应该采取一些措施来保护濒危动物不被杀害。(preserve).4．我们寻找解决这些重要问题的方法迫在眉睫。(urgent).5．咨询了我的老师后，我决定主修英语。(consult).【答案】1.Inmyopinion，themoreinterestedpeopleare，themoreknowledgetheywillget2.Ifpossible，trytogotobedandgetupatthesametimeeveryday3.Somemeasuresshouldbetakentopreservetheendangeredanimalsfrombeingkilled4.It’surgentthatwe(should)findwaystosolvethesecrucialproblems5.Havingconsultedmyteacher，ImadeupmymindtomajorinEnglish二Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Nospecialists(预测)alltheeconomiceventsthathavetakenplaceoverthelasttwoyears.2．Beingabadtemperedman，theministerwouldnottoleratehavinghislectures(打扰)．3．Thirdly，Chinaisastatethat(致力于)cooperationwithothercountriesandlivesinharmonywiththem.4．Studentsshouldn’tbeshyaboutreportingofbullyingtotheirparentsorteachers.5．Therapidofcitiescancausesocialandeconomicproblemsconstantly，suchaspollutionandtrafficproblems.6．Explorersevenneedtowearspecialmaskstopreservethemselvesfromthegasesinthese(山洞)．7．Withpeople’slifeimproving，millionsofpeopletraveleachyearinordertoexperiencenature’s.8．It’svisiblethatChinesearelivingratherwell，incomparisonwithpeopleintheworld.【答案】1.forecast2.interrupted3.pursues4.incidents5.expansion6.caves7.splendour/splendor7.elsewhereⅡ.选词填空1．Besides，consultingourteachersandparentscansolvingtheproblem. 2．IwhatIdidanditshowsthataknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.3．Outofcuriosity，thechildwantstothemicroscopetoseewhatmakesitwork.4．Aplanwasbeginningtoasthecrewarguedviolently5.improvingcreativity，learningmusicwillbeusefultochildrenthroughouttheirlives.6．Theeartheverycreature，andit’sourdutytoprotecttheenvironmentvoluntarily.7．Asthereisnotmuchfurnitureinmyhouse，thewoodenboxbothabenchandatable.【答案】1.contribute2.amproudof3.takeapart4.takeshape5.Inadditionto6.ishometo7.servesasⅢ.单句写作1．锻炼不仅增强了我们的体质，而且还帮助我们集中精力学习。(notonly...butalso...).2．尽管遇到许多困难，他们没有向生活屈服。(submit).3．他被指派代表他的公司参加会议。(assign).4．他因为不礼貌而被禁止参加聚会。(ban).5．中国将毫无保留地推动构建一个和平和谐的社会。(withoutreservation).【答案】1.Notonlydoestakingexercisebuildupourbodybutitalsohelpsusconcentrateonourstudy22.Inspiteofmeetingmanydifficulties，theydidn’tsubmit(themselves)tolife3.Hewasassignedtoattendthemeetingonbehalfofhiscompany4.Hewasbannedfromattendingthepartybecauseofhisbadmanners5.Chinawillpromotethebuildingofapeacefulandharmonioussocietywithoutreservation题组B能力提升练语法填空(文中加黑词汇为本单元的重点词汇)LastSundayaspecialistgave1.(we)alectureonhowtopreserveheritagesitesfrombeingruined.Asisknowntous，heritagesitesrepresenthumancivilization.Weallhavebeen2.(awe)bytheirsplendour.Fromhislecture，weknowthat3.stringofheritagesitesareinurgentneedofconservation.Somefactorscontribute4.theincredibleconsequence.Firstofall，naturalforcesandnaturaldisasterscanweardownandevenruinheritagesites.Forexample，theGreatPyramidofGizaisbecomingshorterthanbefore.Besides，itishuman5.(activity)，suchascivilwars，conflicts，violencethatoftendestroyancientclaysculpturesbymissileattacks.Furthermore，becauseofworldheritagestatus，it’snatural 6.sitessufferabitofwearandtear.Suchdestructioncanhavedisastrousoutcomes.Forinstance，duetohightemperature，alargeamountofcoraliskilledandpartsoftheReefare7.(serious)affectedintheGreatBarrierReef，whichnotonlyharmsnaturalecology，butalso8.(ruin)people’slivesgreatly.Therefore，heritageprotectionisatthetopoftheagenda.Fortunately，someinitiativeshaveemergedandtakenshape,9.(motivate)peopletopreserveheritagesitesintensely.Pleasekeepinmindthatonlybycooperationandjointeffortscanwepreserveheritagesitesfrom10.(destroy)．【答案】1.us2.awed3.a4.to5.activities6.that7.seriously8.ruins9.motivating10.beingdestroyed课文语法填空It’swellknownthattherearecurrentlyaround1,100sitesinmorethan160countriesworldwide.Theyhavebeenfacing1.(variety)dangersandmanyofthemareinurgentneedofprotection,2.explainswhyUNESCOisfightingtopreservesitesofculturalandnaturalimportancetomankind.Somespecificissuesareasfollows.Firstofall，longtermnaturalforcesgraduallyweardownheritagesiteswithnaturaldisasters3.(cause)thesuddendestruction.Inaddition，warscancauseagreatdealofdamage4.bothculturalandnaturalheritagesites.Meanwhile，owingtoWorldHeritagestatus，5.(million)oftouristsfloodtoUNESCOWorldHeritageSites6.(annual)，soitisnaturalthatthesitessufferabitofwearandtear.Furthermore，withhumanpopulationgrowth，thedemandforproductionandconsumptionofgoods7.(increase)，inwhichcircumstancesourculturalandnaturalheritagesiteshavetomakeroomforwidespreaddevelopment.Whatmakesitterribleisthatmanyheritagesitesareevenatriskof8.(lose)forever.Theresultsindicatethatsuchdangersnotonlyhavedisastrousimpactsonthesites9.(they)，butalsoonpeople.For10.benefitofourselvesandfuturegenerations，thereisnodelayinpreservingourheritagesitesbyjointefforts.【答案】1.various2.which3.causing4.to5.millions6.annually7.increases8.beinglost9.themselves10.the题组C培优拔尖练阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWelcometotheSydneyOperaHouseTicketInfoandGuidedToursVisitorscanenjoytheSydneyOperaHousefoyerforfree，butforamoreinsightfulvisit，you’llneedtobookatour.ThereareseveraldifferentwaystoexperiencetheSydneyOperaHouse，andmultipletoursareavailableincludingback-stagepassesandwalkingtours.TourTypeAdult(AUD$)ChildGuidedWalkingTour$42$22 GuidedWalkingTour＋Dinner$73$52GuidedWalkingTour＋TastingPlate$82.20$64.80BackstageTour$175$175OpeningHoursandtheBestTimetoVisitTheSydneyOperaHouseisopenyear-roundwiththefollowingopeninghours：•Monday－Saturday：9am－8∶30pm•Sunday：9am－5pmAsforthebesttimeoftheday，it’srecommendedtobooktheearliestSydneyOperaHousetourofthedaytobeatthecrowds.Toenjoysunnyweatherwithfewercrowds，tryvisitingintheshoulderseason(October，November，February，orMarch)．PointsofInterest•TheStepsBeforeenteringtheOperaHouse，takeapictureofthebuildingfromthestepsoutside.•TheSailsStepbeneaththesailsonaguidedtourandenjoyharborfrontviews.•TheConcertHallTheConcertHallisthelargestvenuewithseatsformorethan2,000people.Itfeaturescontemporarylivemusicshowsandhighly-regardedorchestral(管弦乐的)performances.Itisalsoherethatyouwillfindtheworld’slargestmechanicaltracker-actionpipeorgan.•OperaBarAfteryourtour，headtotheOperaBarforabitetoeatordrinkinthesun.•BaduGiliBaduGili，whichis“waterlight”inthelanguageoftheGadigalpeople，takesplacemosteveningsaftersunsetat9pm,9∶30pm，and10pm.Theseven-minutedisplayisfreetoview.1．Howmuchwillaguidedwalkingtourfortwoadultscost?A．$64.B．$84.C．$128.D．$168.B【解析】细节理解题。根据题干信息锁定到第一个小标题下的“$42”，由此可知，有向导的徒步旅行，成人的费用是42澳元/人。故2个成年人的花费是84澳元。故选B。2．WhichofthefollowingisthebesttimetovisittheOperaHouse?A．9∶30am，aMondayinFebruary.B．10∶00am，aSundayinDecember.C．5∶00pm，aFridayinSeptember. D．6∶00pm，aSaturdayinMarch.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二个小标题下的“Asforthebesttimeoftheday，it’srecommendedtobooktheearliestSydneyOperaHousetourofthedaytobeatthecrowds.”及“tryvisitingintheshoulderseason(October，November，February，orMarch)”可知，最好的参观时间是每天最早的时间，最好的参观月份是：10月、11月、2月或3月，结合选项可知只有选项A同时符合上述最佳时间。故选A。3．WhatisBaduGili?A．Alocallanguage.B．Apipeorgan.C．Alightshow.D．Adiningarea.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一个小标题下的“BaduGili，whichis‘waterlight’inthelanguageoftheGadigalpeople，takesplacemosteveningsaftersunsetat9pm,9∶30pm，and10pm.”可知，BaduGili是在晚上进行的灯光表演。故选C。BHowardCarterFindsKingTut’sTombHowardCarterwasonly17yearsoldwhenhefirstwenttoEgyptin1891.HisfatherwasquitesuccessfulasaportraitpainterinEngland.Howardhadagreatdealofartistictalent，buthedidnotwanttobecomeaportraitpainterlikehisfather.Hewantedadventures.Withhisfather’shelp，hegotajobwithanarchaeologistwhowasonhiswaytoEgypt.ThiswasanexcitingopportunityforyoungHowardCarter.InEgypt，HowardCarterworkedasanartistforsomeofthebestEgyptologists(埃及古物学者)ofhistime.AnEgyptologistisanarchaeologistwhosefocusislearningaboutancientEgypt.ItwasnotlongbeforeHowardCarterwasquitewellknownamongEgyptologists，notonlyasanartistbutalsoforhisknowledgeaboutancientEgyptandarchaeology.HowardCarterwantedtohuntforKingTut’stomb，butthattookmenandmoney.HowardCarterfinallygotlucky.LordCarnarvonwasaveryrichman.LordCarnarvonallowedHowardCartertohire50mentohelphimsearchforTut’stomb.InNovember1922，bythelightofacandle，HowardCartercutaholeinasecretdoor.LordCarnarvonandHowardCartercarefullylookedthroughthehole.Whattheysawthroughthepeephole(窥视孔)wasamazing!Theycouldnotbelievetheireyes!Theroomwasfilledwithtreasures—couchesshapedlikeanimals，jeweledchests，vases，statues，andevenchariots(二轮战车)，allglitteringwithgold.Ittookmonthstomovethetreasurestheyfoundinthefirstroomalonebeforetheycouldopenthedoorsinthatroomthatledtootherrooms!Inotherrooms，theyfoundthechairKingTuthadusedasasmallchild.Thetombwasanincrediblediscovery，notonlyforitsmonetaryvaluebutalsoforitshistory.Historianslearnedsomuchaboutthepeoplewholivedover3,000yearsago，abouttheircultureandbeliefsanddailylife，fromtheobjectsfoundinKingTut’stomb.HowardCarterbecameworld-famous.4．WhatwasHowardCarterinterestedinwhenhewasyoung? A．Becomingaportraitpainter.B．Takingadventures.C．Findingvaluablejewellery.D．Becomingafamousman.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hewantedadventures.”可知，他年轻时对冒险感兴趣，故选B。5．WhatmadeHowardCarterfamousinEgypt?A．Hisfatherbeingasuccessfulportraitpainter.B．Hisgiftforartandhisrichknowledgeaboutarchaeology.C．LordCarnarvon’sspeakinghighlyofhisadventure.D．AlargeamountofgoldfoundbyhiminTut’stomb.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ItwasnotlongbeforeHowardCarterwasquitewellknownamongEgyptologists，notonlyasanartistbutalsoforhisknowledgeaboutancientEgyptandarchaeology.”可知，霍华德·卡特在埃及变得很有名，不仅是作为一名艺术家，还因为他在古埃及和考古学方面的知识，故选B。6．HowoldwasHowardCarterwhenhefoundKingTut’stomb?A．17.B．31.C．48.D．50.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“HowardCarterwasonly17yearsoldwhenhefirstwenttoEgyptin1891.”以及第四段中“InNovember1922，bythelightofacandle，HowardCartercutaholeinasecretdoor.”可知，霍华德在1891年的时候17岁，所以1922年他发现这个坟墓时是48岁，故选C。7．What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．ThehistoryaboutKingTut.B．ThemeaningoffindingKingTut’stomb.C．TheprocessofdiscoveringKingTut’stomb.D．ThetreasuresdugoutfromKingTut’stomb.B【解析】段落大意题。根据最后一段的中心句“Thetombwasanincrediblediscovery，notonlyforitsmonetaryvaluebutalsoforitshistory.”可知，这个坟墓是一个重大发现，不仅是因为它的金钱价值，还因为它的历史。所以最后一段主要讲述发现图坦卡蒙国王坟墓的意义，故选B。CResearchersintheUSsaytheymighthavediscoveredhowtofightagainstandevenreversesomeprocessesofageing，atleastinmice.Injectingthebloodofyoungmiceintotheolderonesimprovedtheirbrainpower，astudyfound.ScientistsatStanfordUniversityplantocarryouttrialsinpeopleinthehopethatnewtreatmentsfordementia(痴呆症)canbedeveloped.“Therearefactorspresentinbloodfromyoungmicethatcanrechargeanoldmouse’sbrainsothatitfunctionsmorelikeayoungerone，”saysDrTonyfromStanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine.InthestudypublishedinNatureMedicine，miceaged18monthsweregiveninjectionsofthebloodtakenfrommiceaged3months.The injectedmiceperformedbetteronmemoryteststhanmiceofthesameagethathadnotbeengiventheblood.DrTonysaiditwasnotknownwhetherthesamewastrueofhumans，butatrialwasplanned.AresearchcenterintheUKsaidthetreatmentrestoredcertainaspectsoflearningandmemoryinmice，butwasofunknownimportancetohumans.Theresearch，whileveryinteresting，didnottestthetypeofbraindamagethatwasseenindementia，whichisnotanecessaryconsequenceofageing.Meanwhile，twosimilarstudiesbyaseparateteamhavethrownmorelightonhowyoungbloodmaybenefittheold，inmiceatleast.Asubstanceinthebloodofmicepreviouslyshowntohaveananti-ageingeffectonheartmusclealsoimprovedbraincells，accordingtoaHarvardteam.Theresearch，publishedinScience，foundthebloodfactorsencouragedthegrowthofbraincellsinoldmice，andrestoredtheirsenseofsmell.Thesamechemicalalsoimprovedmusclepowerofagedmice，theresearchersfound.语篇解读　本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了研究人员发现通过给年老的老鼠注射年轻老鼠的血液可以改善年老的老鼠的一些状况，这将有助于老年痴呆治疗的研究。8．TheunderlinedwordinParagraph1probablymeans“”．A．changeB．destroyC．speedD．increaseA【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段提到的美国的研究人员可能发现了如何对抗甚至“reverse”衰老进程。对比四个选项的意思可以推知，画线词的意思和change意思一致，故选A项。9．ScientistsintheUSwilltestthediscoveryinhumanswiththeaimof.A．provingthepossibilitytolivelongerB．showingtheimportanceofscientificresearchC．publishingthestudyinNatureMedicineD．treatinganage-relateddiseasesuccessfullyD【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ScientistsatStanfordUniversityplantocarryouttrialsinpeopleinthehopethatnewtreatmentsfordementia(痴呆症)canbedeveloped.”可知，斯坦福大学的科学家计划进行这些实验的目的是发现治疗痴呆症的治疗方案，故选D项。10．Accordingtothestudies，thebloodfromyoungmicebenefitstheoldincertainwaysexceptin.A．memoryB．musclepowerC．furcolorD．braincellsC【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“AresearchcenterintheUKsaidthetreatmentrestoredcertainaspectsoflearningandmemoryinmice...”最后一段中的“Theresearch，publishedinScience，foundthebloodfactorsencouragedthegrowthofbraincellsinoldmice...”以及“Thesamechemicalalsoimprovedmusclepowerofagedmice，theresearchersfound.”可知只有C项没有提到。11．What’stheauthor’sattitudetotheanti-ageingstudies? A．Supportive.B．Objective.C．Negative.D．Doubtful.B【解析】推理判断题。通读全文尤其根据倒数第二段中的“Theresearch，whileveryinteresting，didnottestthetypeofbraindamagethatwasseenindementia，whichisnotanecessaryconsequenceofageing.”可知作者持有客观的态度，故选B项。第二节　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Eventhedirtonthegroundislikelytomaketheclimatechangeworse.Researchershaveshownthatwarmertemperaturesareheatingthesoil，causingmicrobes1.(become)moreactiveandreleasemoreofthesoil’scarbonintotheatmosphere，contributingtoevenhighertemperatures.Scientistsfoundasharpincreaseincarbonreleasedintotheatmospherebybacteriaandfungiinsoilfrom1990through2014.Researchersexplainthatthecarboncomesfrom2.themicrobeseat，suchasthedeadplantsandleaves.Withtemperatures3.(rise)，themicrobeseatmore.Andthemoretheyeat，themorecarbontheymakeintocarbondioxideandreleaseintotheatmosphere.Surprisingly，soillets4.aboutninetimesmorecarbonthanhuman-causedactivities，whichisindisagreementwithwhatweoriginally5.(think)．Butthatispartofanaturalcycle:Theamountofcarbonreleasedintotheairisabout6.sameasthecarbonoceansandplantstakein.7．，carbonwhichisreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal，oilandnaturalgasputs8.(much)carbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakeout.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.Andastheairandsoilgethotter，theearthwillreleaseyetmorecarbonthatithasbeenholding.“Ifsomethingisnotdone，wearereallyintrouble，”saidRattanLalofOhioStateUniversity.Hehelda9.(believe)thatpropersoilconservationshould10.(take)intoconsideration，includingavoidingturningthesoil，coveringoff-seasoncropsandleavingcropdepositsontheground.语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。科学家们发现，土壤温度升高后，其中的微生物会变得更活跃，会向大气中排放更多的碳，反过来加剧了气候变暖。所以必须采取行动。1.tobecome【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是固定短语causesb./sth.todosth.“导致某人/某物做某事”，其中不定式作宾补。2.what【解析】考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且指代“吃的东西”，故应用连接代词what。3.rising【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作宾补，rise与temperatures在逻辑上是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。4.off/out【解析】考查介词。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语letout/off“释放”。5.thought【解析】考查时态。分析句子可知，设空处是宾语从句的谓语动词，结合语境和originally可知，本句陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。6.the【解析】考查冠词。thesameas“与……相同”是固定短语，且符合句意。7.However【解析】考查副词。根据上文的“Theamountofcarbonreleased...plantstake in.”和本句可知，上下文是转折关系，故此处应用副词however作状语，修饰后面的句子。8.more【解析】考查形容词的比较级。根据下文的than可知，此处应用比较级。9.belief【解析】考查词性转换。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作held的宾语，由a判断用该名词的单数形式。10.betaken【解析】考查语态。分析句子可知，设空处是同位语从句的谓语动词，主语propersoilconservation和take...intoconsideration之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，又should后应用动词原形。故填betaken。