职称英语试题

《职称英语试题》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

2012
ᐰὃᔠA⚪ᑖ⌱⚗1-15⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ☢!"#ᙳᨵ1ᡈ'(ᨵ)*+.-.ᜐ(+ᑖ01123ᨬ.56Ḅ⌱⚗.1Alltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesamelayout.A.colorB.arrangementC.sizeD.function2Theweatherwascrispandclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.A.freshB.hotC.heavyD.windy3Thewallsaremadeofhollowconcreteblocks.A.bigB.longC.newD.empty4Ouraimwastoupdateaserviceandwesucceeded.A.modernizeB.offerC.provideD.fund5Hercommentsaboutmenareutterlyridiculous.A.slightlyB.partlyC.completelyD.faintly6Everyweekthemagazinepresentstheprofileofawell-knownsportspersonal.A.successB.descriptionC.evidenceD.plan7HehasbeengrantedasyluminFrance.A.powerB.reliefC.protectionD.license8WhenIheardthenoiseinthenextroom,Icouldn'tresisthavingapeep.A.lookB.chanceC.visitD.try9Shemovesfromoneexoticlocationtoanother.A.familiarB.similarC.properD.unusual

110Wealmostranintoarolls-Roycethatpulledoutinfrontofuswithoutsignaling.A.overtookB.hitC.passedD.found11Hewaswearyoftheconstantbattlebetweenthem.A.fbndB.proudC.tiredD.afraid12Notingwouldinducemetovoteforhimagain.A.attractB.teachC.helpD.discourage13Heshiftedhispositionalittleinordertoalleviatethepaininhisleg.A.controlB.easeC.experienceD.suffer14ThephotographevokedstrongmemoriesofourholidaysinFrance.A.refreshedB.storedC.blockedD.erased15Newbornbabiescandiscriminatebetweenaman'sandwoman'svoices.A.treatB.expressC.analyzeD.distinguish2ᑖ▅:ᑨ<(1622⚪.⚪1ᑖᐳ7ᑖ)☢Ḅ'ᦻ@ᑡBC7!"-᪷E'ᦻḄᑁGH!"IBᑨ<᝞KL!MNḄOP0QR.-⌱SAT᝞KL!MNḄO┯VQR-⌱SBT᝞KL!ḄQRᦻ#WᨵMX-⌱SC.InSports,RedistheWinningColorWhenopponentsofagameareequallymatched,theteamdressedinredismorelikelytowin,accordingtoanewstudy.BritishanthropologistsRussellHillandRobertBartonoftheUniversityofDurhamreachedthatconclusionbystudyingtheoutcomesofone-on-oneboxing,taekwondo,Greco-Roman-wresting,andfreestyle-wrestlingmatchesatthe2(X)4SummerOlympicsinAthens,Greece.IneacheventOlympicstaffrandomlyassignedredorblueclothingorbodyprotectiontocompetitors.Whenotherwiseequallymatchedwiththeiropponentinfitnessandskill,athleteswearingredweremorelikelytowinthebout.

2"Wheretherewasalargepointdifference-presumablybecauseonecontestantwasfarsuperiortotheother-colorhadnoeffectontheoutcome/Bartonsaid."Wheretherewasasmallpointdifference,theeffectofcolorwassufficienttotipthebalance.'1Inequallymatchedbouts,thepreponderanceofredwinswasgreatenoughthatitcouldnotbeattributedtochance,theanthropologistssay.HillandBartonfoundsimilarresultsinareviewofthecolorswornattheEuro2004internationalsoccertournament.Theirreportwillbepublishedintomorrow'sissueofthejournalNature.JoannaSetchell,aprimateresearcherattheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland,hasfoundsimilarresultsinnature.HerworkwiththelargeAfricanmonkeysknownasmandrillsshowsthatredcolorationgivesmalesanadvantagewhenitcomestomating.Thefindingthatredalsohasanadvantageinhumansportingeventsdoesnotsurpriseher,addingthat"theideaofthestudyisveryclever.'*HillandBartongottheideafortheirstudyoutofamutualinterestintheevolutionofsexualsignalsinprimates—"redseemstobethecolor,acrossspecies,thatsignalsmaledominanceandtestosteronelevels,nBartonsaid.Forexample,studiesbySetchell,theCambridgeprimateresearcher,showthatdominantmalemandrillshaveincreasedredcolorationintheirfacesandrumps.Anotherstudybyotherscientistsshowsthatredplasticringsexperimentallyplacedonthelegsofmalezebrafinchesincreasethebirds*dominance.BartonsaidheandHillspeculatedsomespeculatedthat"theremightbeasimilareffectinhumans.Andifso,itcouldbeapparentinsportingcontests.'1Thepairsaytheirresultsindicatethatsexualselectionmayhaveinfluencedtheevolutionofhumans*responsetocolor.Setchell,theprimatologist,agrees."AsHillandBartonsay,humansreddenwhenweareangryandpalewhenwe'rescared.Theseareveryimportantsignalstootherindividuals,"shesaid.Theadvantageofredmaybeintuitivelyknown,judgingfromtheprevalenceofreduniformsinsports—"thoughitisclearlynotverywidelyappreciated,onaconsciouslevelatleast,"Bartonsaid.Headdsthatthefindingofred*sadvantagemighthaveimplicationsforregulationsthatgovernsportingattire.IntheOlympicmatcheshesurveyedforthenewstudy,forexample,itispossiblesomemedalwinnersmayhavereachedthepedestalwithanunintendedadvantage.'Thatistheimplication,thoughwecannotsaythatitmadethedifferenceinanyonespecificcase,"Bartonsaid.

3Meanwhile,Setchel1noted——tongue-in-cheek—thataredadvantagemaynotbelimitedtosports.nGoingbytherecent[U.S.]electionresults,redisindeedquitesuccessful/*shesaid.16.BothHillandBartonwantedtofindoutifcoloraffectstheoutcomeofsportsmatched.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17.HillandBartonarebothinterestedinprimates.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18.Malemandrillsuseyellowcolorationtoattractamate.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19.Redisnotanadvantageforzebrafinches.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20.Theredplasticringswereleftonthefinchespermanently.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21.HillandBartonbelieveathletesinredaremorelikelytowin.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22.Manyathletesopposethenewregulationsonsportsuniforms.ARightBWrongCNotmentionedYᑖᭆ[ᜧ2]^ᡂ!"23~30⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ8ᑖ☢Ḅ'ᦻ@ᨵ2⚗`ab123~26⚪⌕deᡠgḄ6⌱⚗#.ᢣ1iji⌱S1k᪗⚪;
227-30⚪⌕deᡠgḄ6⌱⚗#.!"01-ᨬo⌱⚗஺HowtechnologypushesdownpricePriceshavefalleninthefoodbusinessbecauseofadvancesinfoodproductionanddistributiontechnology.Consumershavebenefitedgreatlyfromthoseadvances.Peoplewhopredictedthattheworldwouldrunoutoffoodwerewrong.Weareproducingmoreandmorefoodwithlessandlesscapital.Goodisthereforemoreplentifulandcheaperthanithaseverbeen.Spendingonfoodcomparedwithothergoodshasfallenformanyyears,andcontinuestodrop.

4Supermarketshavehelpedpushdownpricesmainlybecauseoftheirscale.Likeanybigbusiness,theycaninvestinITsystemsthatmakethemefficient.Andtheirsizeallowsthemtobuyinbulk.Assupermarketsgetbigger,thepricesgetlower.HugeretailcompaniessuchasWal-Marthavetremendouspowerandtheycanputpressureonproducerstocuttheirmargins.Asaresult,someproducershavehadtomakecuts.Inrecentyears,Unileverhascutitsworkforceby33,000to245,000anddroppedlotsofitsminorbrandsaspartofits“pathtogrowth^^strategy.Cadburyhasshutnearly20percentofits133factoriesandcut10percentofits55,000globalworkforce.Thesecutshelpkeepcostsdown,andthepriceoffoodstayslow.Doescheapfoodmakepeopleunhealthy?Cheapfoodmayencouragepeopletoeatmore.Goodcompaniescertainlythinkthatgivingpeoplemorefoodfortheirmoneymakesthembuymore.Givingpeoplebiggerportionsisaneasywayofmakingthemfeeltheyhavegotabetterdeal.Thatiswhyportionshavegotlargerandlarger.InAmerica,softdrinkscamein8oz(225g)cansinthepast,then12oz(350g),andnowcomein20oz(550g)cans.Ifacompanycansellyouan8ozportionfor$7,theycansellyoua12ozportionfor$8.Theonlyextracosttothecompanyisthefood,whichprobablycosts25cents.Nowcompaniesareunderpressuretostopsellingbiggerportionsforlessmoney.Butitishardtochangethetrend.23Paragraph124Paragraph225Paragraph326Paragraph4A.BiggersupermarketsofferlowerpricesB.ChainstoresprovidebetterserviceC.TechnologyhelpsreducefoodpricesD.HugeretailersforceproducerstocutcostsE.ConsumerslikesupermarketsF.Foodcomescheaperinlargerportions27.Bigsupermarketscanofferfoodatlowerpricesbecausetheycanbuyin_

528.Somefoodproducershavereduced__29.Besidescuttingitsworkforce,Unileveralsoabandonedits__30.Buyerslikebiggerportionbecausetheythinktheyhavegot__A.minorbrandsB.agoodbargingC.largequantitiesD.theirworkforceE.hugeportionsF.theirmoneyqᑖ▅:ᳮs(31L45⚪⚪3ᑖᐳ45ᑖ)☢ᨵ3t'ᦻt'ᦻ@ᨵ5⍝⚪஺-᪷E'ᦻᑁG.⚪011ᨬo⌱⚗஺,tGrossNationalHappinessInthelastcentury,newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However,onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia,thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist(wᦟ)culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan,however,wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread,andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then,in1972,anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodem,butwithoutlosingitstraditions.KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNatonalProduct(GNP).TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases,peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry'sprogressbypeople'shappiness.Ifthepeople'shappinessincreased,thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier,hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness(GNH).GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare,education,andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy,protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally,

6peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,stablegovernment.NowthereissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Twenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks,andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2008,KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking,ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally,Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet.Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan'sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople,cultures,andland.BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil,perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.31.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck?A.Apresident.B.ABuddhistpriest.C.Aking.D.Ageneral.32.ApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan?A.Tomakeitspopulationgrow.B.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.C.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.D.Tokeepitstraditionsandcustoms.33.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPbyA.spendingmoremoney.B.spendinglessmoney.

7C.sellingmoreproducts.D.providingmorejobs.34.AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappieriftheyA.havenewtechnology.B.haveagood,stablegovernment.C.canchangetheirreligion.D.havemoremoney.35.TodaymanycountriesareA.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.B.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress.C.workingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH.D.takingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress.ytGoingHerOwnWayWhenshewastwelve,Mariamadeherfirstimportantdecisionaboutthecourseofherlife.Shedecidedthatshewantedtocontinuehereducation,Mostgirlsfrommiddle-classfamilieschosetostayhomeafterprimaryschool,thoughsomeattendedprivateCatholic"finishing"schools.Theretheylearnedalittleaboutmusic,art,needlework,andhowtomakepoliteconversation.ThiswasnotthesortofeducationthatinterestedMaria-orhermother.Bythistime,shehadbeguntotakeherstudiesmoreseriously.Shereadconstantlyandbroughtherbookseverywhere.Onetimesheevenbroughthermathbooktothetheaterandtriedtostudyinthedark.Mariaknewthatshewantedtogoonlearninginaseriousway.Thatmeantattendingthepublichighschool,somethingthatveryfewgirlsdid.InItalyatthetime,thereweretwotypesofhighschools:the"classical”schoolsandthe“technical”schools.Intheclassicalschools,thestudentsfollowedaverytraditionalprogramofstudies,withcoursesinLatinandGreeklanguageandliterature,andItalianliteratureandhistory1.Thefewgirlswhocontinuedstudyingafterprimaryschoolusuallychosetheseschools.Maria,however,wantedtoattendatechnicalschool.Thetechnicalschoolsweremoremodemthantheclassicalschoolsandtheyofferedcoursesinmodernlanguages,mathematics,

8science,andaccounting2.Mostpeople—includingMaria'sfather—believedthatgirlswouldneverbeabletounderstandthesesubjects.Furthermore,theydidnotthinkitwasproperforgirlstostudythem.Mariadidnotcareifitwasproperornot.Mathandsciencewerethesubjectsthatinterestedhermost.Butbeforeshecouldsignupforthetechnicalschool,shehadtowinherfather'sapproval.Shefinallydid,withhermother'shelp,thoughformanyyearsafter,therewastensioninthefamily.Maria'sfathercontinuedtoopposeherplans,whilehermotherhelpedher.In1883,atagethirteen,Mariaenteredthe"RegiaScuolaTecnicaMichelangeloBuonarroti"inRome.Herexperienceatthisschoolisdifficultfbrustoimagine.Thoughthecoursesincludedmodemsubjects,theteachingmethodswereverytraditional.Learningconsistedofmemorizinglonglistsoffactsandrepeatingthembacktotheteacher.Studentswerenotsupposedtoaskquestionsorthinkforthemselvesinanyway.Teacherswereverydemanding,disciplineintheclassroomwasstrict,andpunishmentwasseverefbrthosewhofailedtoachieveorweredisobedient.36.Mariawantedtoattend.A)aprivate“finishing“schoolB)aschoolteachingLatinC)atechnicalhighschoolD)aschoolfbrartandmusic37.Inthosedays,mostItaliangirls.A)didnotgotoprimaryschoolB)wenttottfinishing^^schoolsC)didnotgotohighschoolD)wenttotechnicalschools38.Maria'sfatherprobably.A)hadamodemviewsaboutwomenB)hadatraditionalviewsaboutwomenC)wasinterestedinwomen'seducation

9D)thoughtLatinwaseasyforwomen39.HighschoolteachersinItalyInthosedayswere.A)flexibleB)intelligentC)kindD)strict40.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat.A)Maria'sparentslikedherpersonalityB)MariawasagirlofstrongwillC)MariamotherpaidforhereducationD)Mariagaveinunderherfather?spressureYtDNAtestingDNAtestingrevealsthegenesofeachindividualperson.Sincetheearlytwentiethcenturyscientistshaveknownthatallhumancharacteristicsarecontainedinaperson'sgenesandarepassedfromparentstochildren.Genesworkasachemicalinstructionmanualforeachpartandeachfunctionofthebody.TheirbasicchemicalelementiscalledDNA,acopyofwhichcanbefoundineverycell.TheexistenceofgenesandthechemicalstructureofDNAwereunderstoodbythemid-1900s,butscientistshaveonlyrecentlybeenabletoidentifyapersonfromjustadropofbloodorasinglehair.OneofthemostimportantusesofDNAtestingisincriminalinvestigation.TheveryfirstuseofDNAtestinginacriminalcasewasin1985inGreatBritain,whenamanconfessedtokillingayoungwomanintheEnglishcountryside.Becausepolicehadfoundsamplesofthekiller'sDNAatthesceneofthecrime,abiologistsuggestedthatitmightbepossibletocomparethatDNAtosomefromtheconfessor'sblood.Toeveryone'ssurprise,thetestsshowedthathewasnotthekiller.Norwasheguiltyofasimilarmurderthathadhappenedsometimeearlier.Atthatpointheadmittedthathehadconfessedtothecrimesoutoffearandpolicepressure.Thepolicethenasked5,000localmenforsamplesoftheirblood,andDNAtestingrevealedthatoneofthemwastherealmurderer,sothefirstmanwassetfree.In1992,twolawprofessors,PeterNeufeldandBarryScheck,decidedtouseDNAevidence

10tohelpsetfreesuchmistakenlyconvictedprisoners.Withthehelpoftheirstudents,theycreatedanot-for-profitorganizationcalledtheInnocenceProject.Mostoftheirclientsarepoormen,manyfromracialandethnicminorities.Infact,studieshaveshownthatU.S.judgesandjuriesareofteninfluencedbyracialandethnicbackground,andthatpeoplefromminoritygroupsaremorelikelytobeconvicted.Someofthesemenhadbeensentencedtodeath,aformofpunishmentusedinthirtyeightstatesoutoffifty(asof2006)஺Formostoftheseprisoners,theironlyhopewasanothertrialinwhichDNAtestingcouldbeusedtoprovetheirinnocence.Between1992and2006,theInnocenceProjecthelpedfree100men.Someoftheseprisonershadbeeninjailforten,twentyyearsormoreforcrimestheydidnotcommit.However,thegoaloftheInnocenceProjectisnotsimplytosetfreethosewhoarewrongfullyinjail.Theyalsohopetobringaboutrealchangesinthecriminaljusticesystem.Illinoisinthelate1990s,agroupofjournalismstudentsatNorthwesternUniversitywereabletobringaboutsuchachangeinthatstate.TheybeganinvestigatingsomeIllinoisprisonerswhoclaimedtobeinnocent.ThroughDNAtesting,thestudentswereabletoprovethatinfacttheprisonerswerenotguiltyofthecrimestheyhadbeenaccusedof.Thirteenofthesemenweresetfree,andin2000,GovernorRyanofIllinoisdecidedtostopcarryingoutdeathsentencesuntilfurtherstudycouldbemadeoftheprisoners*cases.TheuseofDNAincriminalcasesisstillbeingdebatedaroundtheworld.Somefearthatgovernmentswillonedaykeeprecordsofeveryone'sDNA,whichcouldputlimitsontheprivacyandfreedomofcitizens.OtherpeoplemistrustthescienceofDNAtestingandthinkthatlawyersuseittogettheirclientsfreewhetherornottheyareguilty.Butfbrthosewhoseinnocencehasbeenprovenandwhoarenowfreemen,DNAtestinghasmeantnothinglessthanareturntolife.AndwiththecarefuluseofDNAtesting,noinnocentpersonshouldeverbeconvictedagain.41.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.DNAtestinghaschangedtheAmericanlegalsystem.B.DNAtestinghashelpedinnocentmengofreeinIllinois.C.DNAtestinghasplayedakeyroleincriminalinvestigation.D.DNAtestingusesgeneticstoidentifyaperson.42.DNAtestingwasfirstusedinacriminalcasebyA.alawyerinNewYorkB.studentsinIllinoisC.doctorsintheUnitedStates

11D.policeinGreatBritain43.TheinnocenceprojectusesDNAtestingtoA.helpthepoliceputpeopleinprisonB.findoutwhichlawyerareincompetentC.provethatsuspectsareguiltyD.setfreeinnocentprisoner44.SomestudentsinNorthwesternUniversityA.provedsomeprisonerswerenotguiltyB.believedsomesuspectswerefromethnicgroupsC.toldthegovernorsofIllinoisnottofreetheprisonersD.showedDNAtestingwasnotalwaysreliable45.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardDNAtesting?A.NegativeB.PositiveC.SuspiciousD.Indifferent5ᑖ⊡ᐰ'ᦻ46~5஺⚪⚪2ᑖᐳ10ᑖ☢Ḅ'ᦻᨵ5ᜐ{|'ᦻ@ᨵ6!"ᐸ#5~'ᦻ-᪷E'ᦻᑁGᐸᑖᨵឮᦻ☢஺TheMysteriesofNazcaInthedesertofPeru,300kilometersfromLima,oneofthemostunusualartworksintheworldhasmystifiedpeoplefordecades.
46Butfromhighabove,thesemarksarehugeimagesofbirds,fish,seashells,allbeautifullycarvedintotheearth.

12TheNazcalinesaresodifficulttoseefromthegroundthattheyweren'tdiscovereduntilthe1930s,whenpilotsspottedthemwhileflyingoverthearea.Inall,thereareabout70differenthumanandanimalfiguresontheplain,alongwith900triangles,circles,andlines.Researchershavefiguredoutthatthelinesareatleast1,500yearsold,buttheirpurposeisstillamystery.(47)However,itwouldprobablybeverytrickytolandaspaceshipinthemiddleofpicturesofdogsandmonkeys.Inthe1940s,anAmericanexplorernamedPaulKosoksuggestedthatthedrawingsareachronicle(t)ofthemovementofthestarsandplanets.(48)Later,anastronomertestedhistheorywithacomputer,buthecouldn'tfindanyrelationbetweenthelinesandmovementsinspace.Anotherexplanationisthatthelinesmayhavebeenmadeforreligiousreasons.BritishresearcherTonyMorrisoninvestigatedthecustomsofpeopleintheAndesMountainandlearnedthattheysometimespraybythesideoftheroad.It'spossiblethatinthepast,thelinesofNazcawerecreatedforasimilarpurpose.(49)Butthelocalpeoplehaveneverconstructedanythingthisbig.Recently,twootherscientists,DavidJohnsonandSteveMabee,havespeculatedthatlinescouldhavebeenrelatedtowater.Nazcaisoneofthedriestplacesintheworldandreceivesonly2cmofraineveryyear.WhileJohnsonwassearchingforancientwatersourcesinthearea,henoticedthatsomewaterwaysbuiltancientpeoplewereconnectedwiththelines.JohnsonbelievesthattheNazcalinesareagiantmapofundergroundwaterinthearea.(50)A.HecalledNazca“thelargestastronomybookintheworld”B.Seenfromtheground,itlookslikelinesscratchedintotheearth.C.Scholarsdifferininterpretingthepurposeofthedesigns.D.Otherscientistsarenowsearchingforevidencetoprovethis.E.ASwisswriternamedErichvonDanikenwrotethattheNazcalinesweredesignedasalandingplaceforUFOs.F.Thelargestpicturemayhavebeenthesitesforspecialceremonies.6ᑖ^{(52-65⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ)☢Ḅ'ᦻᨵ15ᜐ{|-᪷E'ᦻᑁG.ᜐ{|011ᨬo⌱⚗஺TheOldGate

13IntheMiddleAgesthevastmajorityofEuropeancitieshadwallsaroundthem.Thiswaspartlyfor51reasonsbutanotherfactorwastheneedtokeepoutanyoneregardedasundesirable,likepeoplewithcontagious52.TheOldCityofLondongateswereall53bytheendofthe18thcentury.ThelastofLondon'sgateswasremovedacenturyago,54byastrokeofluck,itwasneverdestroyed.Thisgateis,in55fact,notcalledagateatall;itsnameisTempleBar,anditmarkedthe56betweentheOldCityofLondonandWestminster.In1878theCouncilofLondontooktheBar57,numberedthestonesandputthegateinstorage58itsdesignwasunfashionableitwasexpensiveto59anditwasblockingthetraffic.TheTempleBarTrustwassetupinthe1970'swiththe60ofreturningthegatehome.Theaimofthetrustisthe61ofthenation'sarchitecturalheritage.Transportingthegatewill62physicallypullingitdown,stonebystone,removingandrebuildingitnearStPaul'sCathedral.Mostofthefacadeofthegatewillprobablybe63,thoughthereisagood64thatthebasicstructurewillbesound.Thehardest65ofall,however,willbetorecreatethestatuesofthemonarchsthatoncestoodontopofthegate.51.A.SensitiveB.DefensiveC.OffensiveD.primitive52.A.injuriesB.symptomsC.coldsD.Diseases53.A.DevotedB.demolishedC.declaredD.decreased54.A.ForB.OrC.ButD.nor55.A.RealB.UsualCActual.D.current56.A.bordersB.ParesC.LimitD.Lines57.A.AlongB.DownC.UpD.away58.A.becauseB.WhileC.WhereD.That59.A.maintainB.discoverC.RepairD.Fix60.A.OpinionB.ProjectC.designD.Intention61.A.conversionB.reservationC.preservationD.registration62.A.StopB.KeepC.continueD.Mean63.A.replacedB.storedC.exchangeD.recognized

1464.A.FateB.lessonC.ideaD.chance65.A.CaseB.jobC.voiceD.Type2012
ᐰὃᔠA⚪ὃᫀ1B2A3D4A5C6B7C8A9D10B11C12A13B14A15D16A17A18B19B20C21A22C23C24A25D26F27C28D29A30B31C32D33C34B35A36C37C38B39D40B41C42D43D44A45B46B47E48A49F50D51B52D53B54C55C56A57B58A59A60D61C62D63A64D65Bᐸ#ᑖ115⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖTyᑖ1622⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ7ᑖTYᑖ2330⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ8ᑖTqᑖ3145⚪⚪3ᑖᐳ45ᑖTᑖ4650⚪⚪2ᑖᐳ10ᑖ;

15ᑖ51L65⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ஺2012
ᐰὃᔠ
A⚪⚪s1ᑖ⌱⚗1BlayoutO“ஹ᣸”Ḅ2᝞layoutoftheexhibitionhall,layoutoftheshoppingcomplex஺!Ḅ2Oᜧ¡¢ᡠᨵḄ£¤¥᪵஺arrangement§ᢣ¨©ஹª«Ḅ᣸¬§ᢣ{©Ḅᑖᒘ]᣸஺functionO“®¯”஺2Acrisp°±ᵨ³´⛲¶ᨔ⊤¹“ᾪḄஹ»¼½ᾪ¾Ḅ“᝞crispcrackers,crisplettuce஺¿À¬§ᵨᩭÂÃᜩÅ⊤¹“Æ»ஹÇÈḄ”ᙠ!#À⊤¹ḄÊOË2ᡠ§ᵨfreshᩭÌÍ஺3DhollowO“{ÎḄ"2᝞ahollowtree,ahollowpipeoË¢§ᵨemptyᩭÍᣚ஺4AupdateḄ2ÊOÑᙠ±ÒḄ“ᓣஹÔ»”]modernize“ÑÌᓄ”23Ö6஺5CutterlyO“^ᐰ”Ḅ2]completely×3஺6BprofileËᢣØḄ☢ÙᐸOÚ☢ḄÛÜஹ᜜Ë¢ÀḄ3᡽ᜧ.ᢣHØᡠßḄᭆ[ÂÃ஺7CasylumO“àáâã”᝞seekasylum,àáâã¬Oäåæᡠç⌱protection,reliefè᠚ஹᦗëlicense᡻᯿ஹî§ï஺8ApeepO“Ꮥñஹò“ᐸ3ᒹôᙠlookõ#OlookḄ3஺9DexoticËᩭḄ2O“᜜Ḅஹᨵö÷øùḄ“ᙠúûẠýÀḄ3þ᡽ÿ“Ḅஹ᜻Ḅ“ᡠᙠᵨunusualᩭᣚ஺10.BrunintoḄ☢“ᑮ☢“᝞Thekidsallrailintothepark஺"᜜$$%&ᙊ(Ḅ)*ᩭᵨᐹᨵ“-.⍗ஹ01ஹ2⍗”456᝞7Iranintoalloldfriendinthestreetyesterday.Heignoredhisparents5adviceandsoonrailintobigtrouble.ᙠ89:Ḅ;“0ᓃ">?@hit஺11CwearyḄ;“AᎢஹCᎢஹCD“EtiredF>GḄfiredH$ᵨ@⊤JKL1ḄAᎢwearyᑣH$ᵨ@⊤JNOஹPQ1ḄCᎢ஺12AinduceRSஹSTஹUVᡂXᙠY&⌱⚗:Eattract>G9\Ḅ;7]ᨵ^_`aTᡃcdᢗfḄἠ஺13BalleviatehiஹjkஹlEᨬ$nḄopalleviatepain,hiqrᡠ

16ᵨeaseᩭᣚ஺ᐸf$nḄopᨵ:alleviatesuffering,/crisis/tension/trafficcongestion/unemployment/inflation4⊤JḄ஺14Aevokememoriesuvwxevoke&Fᐹᨵ“y|vஹᖔv”4ᨬ$nḄopevokememories,>?@refreshmemorieso"᜜|ᵨ@⊤J}v~6NOஹ᝞7TheWhitePaperconcerninghumanrightsconditionsinthecountryevokedstrongreactionsfromthegeneralpublic.15DdiscriminateᑖஹஹᑖEdistinguish஺2ᑖ7▅ᑨ16AEᑨ஺Ẇ&Ḅ&ᙠ᝞¡¢£¤¥Ḅ¦L>1§Ḅ¨_©ª⁐¬®Ḅ¥Hᨵ¯°±஺nf²³´µ¶·⁐ᔲ¹Kº¢£Ḅ¡ᨵ»஺17A¼⚪Ḅ¾¿ᙠÀÁᜮḄ9¨Ãᑮ7HillandBartongottheideafortheirstudyfromamutualinterestinprimatesomutualinterestinprimates¹ᮣÅÆḄJÇᐶÉ஺18BÊÀ᪷¿JoannaSetchell¹mandrillsÌÍḄẆredcolorationgivesmalesanadvantagewhenitcomestomating,89ᡠVḄE᝛Ḅាា>័஺19BÊÀ§☢Ḅ9¨7Inanotherstudy,scientistsputredplasticringsonthelegsofmalezebrafinches,whichincreasedthebirds\uccessinfindingamate.ᝅᙠÒឋᦿÕ₝×Ø1Ḅª⁐ᛛᧇÛÜÝf²ÃᑮÞßḄᡂX᳛஺nª⁐¹ᦿÕ₝×|ᨵ%ᵨḄ஺20Cᦻ:âᑮãäª⁐ḄᛛᧇÛᝅᙠᦿÕ₝×ḄØ1å@ᔲæ§çèᶇᙠ]ᨵêë஺21AÀìᜐḄ9\Acrossarangeofsports,wefindthatwearingredisconsistentlyassociatedwithahigherprobabilityofwinning᤺}ïẆὅḄᦻñᙢVóf²ôᐰ>ö©ª⁐¬®Ḅ¬ᕒHᨵ¯°±஺22cᦻñḄᨬø}ᵨBartonḄ¨V&ùú¯`RSᨵᐵ¬®Ḅüᑣ¹ý¬ᕒ᝞þÿᦻ
ᨵ஺3ᑖᭆᜧᡂ23cḄ〈ᢈ#$Ḅ%&'()*+Ḅ,-஺./'0123456Ḅ7ᡠ0Technologyhelpsreducefoodpricesᭆ.ᑁ:஺24A.;<Ḽ>?567>?@0ᢗBCDᢈ#EFGHḄIJᦔ᳛7MNHḄOPQRH@0ᜧSTᐭ7ᡠ0>?Vᜧ7()/VW஺BiggersupermarketsofferlowerpricesXY.Ḅᑁ:஺

1725D.[⌕]Ḅ'ᜧḄ^_ᖪ᝞Wal-MartbcᔣUnileverCadburye᪵Ḅᖪghij7kRᐸ+Wᑭnop0qᑮ+W()ḄsḄ7ᦑHugeretailersforceproducerstocutcosts'.Ḅ᪗⚪஺26FwḄᒹyhᜧzᯠ'ᖪ|Ḅ}~├7▭$QR3ᑮ7ᡠ0ᜧᒹyQ'R()+WḄ}7ᦑFoodcomescheaperinlargerportionsᭆ.Ḅᑁ:஺27Cᦻ3ᵨḄ'buyinbulke⊤q7/'buyinlargequantities,ᜧS%஺28D3UnileverCadbury,e|ᖪḄᕒworkforce,ᦻ3ᵨḄ'cute7⚪3ᵨreducee7M஺29A,ᦻ3ᵨḄ'droppedlotsofitsminorbrands,e¡ᵨḄ'abandone¢7dropM£஺30Bagoodbargain¤7ᦻ3ᵨḄ'abetterdeal¥agooddealQᨵ“¤ஹ¨ᓬ''Ḅ஺4ᑖ▅¬ᳮ®31c•¡/ᑮ,±²2KingJigmeSingyeWangchuckḄ³ḄF´ὅ7¶·ᯠWangchuck'±¸¹஺32DḄº»ᜐ]ᑮKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern,butwithoutlosingitstraditions,@½e±¸¹¾¿⌕ÀÁÂÃÄᓄ7ÆÁᜫÈḄÉF஺33CᙠË¡@0ÌᑮÍGNPᓝᑖÏᓫᓄḄ®ÑTheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases,peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress,Q/'ᓬÒḄÓh7/Ôe¸|ᙠ%&஺34Bᑡ⊝SGNHḄ×᪗Ø7ᐸ3ᒹÙÚÛÜÝᶭß◅ஹÜᦟâஹᨵJஹ᝱ä᛻ᏉçÜᑮßèé஺ᨬëᑮḄ᪗Ø'ÙÚᨵ¨Ḅஹì¿Ḅíî஺35Aïᫀᙠñ¡*☢e3@0óô!J¥ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan'sGNH஺Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.36CḄ]¶ö÷Mariaø$Ḅ'ù•úû᪥Maria,however,wanted

18toattendatechnicalschool«37C¡ᨵe᪵:Mostgirlsfrommiddle-classfamilieschosetostayhomeafterprimaryschool,thoughsomeattendedprivateCatholic"finishing"schools.@½ᜧ×ᦪ3▤
Ḅ᝕⌱ᙠ
ᨵᑣḄᜩᦟḄ“finishingschools”஺ᡠ"#▭%&ᜧ(ᦪ*ᜧᑭḄ᝕,-Ḅ஺38Bᙠ./01ᑮᢈ456ᐺḄ89:ᓄᦟᣴ9:=>ஹᦪஹ@ஹABC@D஺ᜧ(ᦪEᒹGMariaḄ᱄IJK᝕,LM@DNOJK᝕,PMQR஺STUV᝕ឋḄXY-Z[\Ḅ஺39DMS"]ᨬ_0`ᐸ-ᨬ_bcdᑮeTeacherswereverydemanding,disciplineintheclassroomwasstrict,andpunishmentwassevereforthosewhofailedtoachieveorweredisobedient.40BfXᐰᦻidjMaria-kkឋZlḄ᝕ᨵmnḄopqr⚔tuuvwxᑮmnḄD᪗஺ᦻzḄ᪗⚪GoingHerOwnWay#▭|}6Y~L᝛Ḅkឋ஺41CᦻḄ⚪D-DNAtestin9◀L._0VDNAtestin9L_kᓫḄ᜜ᦻzᐸUᔜ0⌕1Ḅ-DNAtestingᙠV&ᡠḄᵨ஺.0Ḅ.bcOneofthemostimportantusesofDNAtestingisincriminalinvestigationY~LᐰᦻḄ஺42D].0S"ᑮᫀ஺._DNAtesringᵨḄ-Ḅ஺43D./0LInnocenceProjectḄᩭᵫDḄ1992¡¢p£ᦟᣴPeterNeufeldBarryScheck¤LMk¥¦ᑭḄ⚗D
DḄ-¨©DNAtestingᩭª«¬ᑨḄE¯°mᵫ(helpsetfreesuchmistakenlyconvictedprisoners)□44Aᙠ.±0S"²ᑮᫀeThroughDNAtesting,thestudentswereabletoprovethatinfacttheprisonerswerenotguiltyofthecrimestheyhadbeenaccusedof.45BfXᐰᦻὅVDNAtesting~´-ᢝ¶·᝱¹Ḅ஺.5ºᑖe⊡ᐰ½ᦻ46B¾¿☢Ábc"butÂᜮ-_kZÄḄÅÆÇᯠMbcÉḄ-“ᯠq]˾dÌÍ……”Áо¿ÁbcÑPÒMbcÓᡂV5ÕᯠMbcÉḄ-eSeenfromtheground,itlookslikelinesscratchedintotheearth.(]ᙢ☢d)஺47E☢_⚪Ùᳮ¾¿☢ÁbcḄ._kÛhoweveruj'"-_kZÄḄÅ

19ÆÝÞ᜜Mbc1Ḅ“ᙠ_ßà-áᲦ,ḄãäåæçèᨵYi"ᳮê”(itwouldprobablybeverytrickytolandaspaceshipinthemiddleofpicturesofdogsandmonkeys),|-_kZÄḄÅƾ¿ḄcSëèìᱥᨵᐵ஺Õᯠ⌱⚗E1Ḅï-_¢ðñ
òᑏᑮMãÓ-K~èìᱥḄæçôBḄ(theNazcalinesweredesignedasalandingplaceforUFOs)o48A]¾¿õḄ¡kb,S"djM_0-]ᜩᦻẆ÷Ḅø¹ᩭùúM᜻üḄãýḄᵨḄþk⌱⚗ÿᨵA
ᜩᦻᨵᐵHecalledNazca^thelargestastronomybookintheworld"஺᜛Ḅheᙠᦻᑮᔠ〉ḄᡠᢣᓽanAmericanexplorernamedPaulKosoko49FḄ!᜜•$%&ᓽ'()*
+ᙢ-Ḅ.ᦟ01ᨵᐵ23⌱⚗6ᨵF8ᑮ.ᦟᐺ:Thelargestpicturesmayhavebeenthesitesforspecialceremonieso50D;Ḅᑭ@AᨵᐵBCD3EẆGὅ᝞JohnsonḄ%&J◤LMḄNOᩭNQᨬS•Otherscientistsarenowsearchingforevidencetoprovethis;ḄTU஺᜜ḄthisᙠᦻVᑮᔠ〉ḄᡠᢣᓽJohnsonḄ%&஺W6XᑖZ)[\51B]3⌱⚗Ḅ)ᨵU^_`aᜧ^cdefᜋᨬhiḄjḄDkl■n᜜opᐭᡠr⌱defensive஺offensivestḄஹᑈwḄាាyḄzasensitive{|Ḅprimitive}~Ḅ஺52Dcontagiousdiseasesinjuriesஹsymptonscolds|ᑈ஺53Bdemolish◀ᐸ3⌱⚗
fᜋᵨḄ*ឋBᜧdevotedeclaredecrease஺54c3\Sᔜᨵ3ᡠrV◤⌕[ᐭḄ3✌ᐜ*r᣸◀nork☢ᨵ¡Cᔲ£¤a¥ᙠ!᜜3¦⌱§¨OḄḄ¤a஺S©31removed
neverdestroyed8ªl«¬,y®¯°Ḅᐵ±B²³(for),B²⌱§(or),6ᨵᵨbut⊤µ¶ᢚ¸ᨬᔠᳮḄ஺55CinfactºQ3»¼½¾¿ᨵÀklLÁÂ'*rᙠfact☢Ã3)ÄrealÅᯠ
actualÇaḄ`Ãᙠfact☢ḄÈÈactualo56AÉS☢betweentheOldCityofLondonandWestminsterᩭÊVËÌ[ᐭ

20borders,ᢣ©3ᙢͯ°ḄΫ஺57Btakedown◀ᐸ3ÏÐ*r
take᪀ᡂ»¼`¼aÓᯠ
VḄÔᦻBÕ஺ÖᦦزÙᛋfᜋlÙᙽᙽfẈÐÝÞÙfßàáâᩭ஺58A☢•Ḅ\[ãlḄ¤äåæç3\DBèl஺VS©³ᐵ±Öᦦز¯ᡠr⌕ᣵᛋᜋÙẈᜮᙽᙽÝÞkyḄAëCÀl஺59AmaintainìíìíᛋAëCÀḄîfᜋïðñòyóᨵôõ¿஺60Dwiththeintentionofr....kjḄᡂ÷TempleBarTrustklÙfßø3ᙢÍ஺61Cpreservationùíஹúíconversion¶ᓄreservationúᶇregistrationýþ஺62DÙfßÿ
ᕡḼᕖmean
ᕡ……Ḅ
ᐸ⌱⚗஺Ḅtransportingthegate,!mean"☢Ḅ$%pullingitdown,removing
it,&rebuildingit஺63A'ᦻ)*ᑮ,-ᛋ/ᜋḄ12▰45ᡠ7ᙠ9:;<=>?9:Ḅ@☢ᣚ■ᣚᡠ7CDEᐭreplaced஺storeGHexchangeIᣚrecognizeJK஺64D-LḄchance“NOឋ”Ḅ
“R?”STprobability஺Thereisagoodchancethat...%UᨵNO....X᝞%Thereisagoodchancethat1willpasstheexam.65Bthehardestjobᨬ[\Ḅ]^ᐰḄ
%ᨬ[Ḅឮabcdeᙠ/f'gḄᑡijkḄlm஺2012noᐰpqrstuὃwᳮyz
Au{w⚪}1~ᑖ%⌱⚗}1-15⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ{☢)ᙳᨵ1ᡈᨵᜐ~ᑖ1
ᨬḄ⌱⚗஺1Alltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesamelayout.A.colorB.arrangementC.sizeD.function2Theweatherwascrispandclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.A.freshB.hotC.heavyD.windy

213Thewallsaremadeofhollowconcreteblocks.A.bigB.longC.newD.empty4Ouraimwastoupdateaserviceandwesucceeded.A.modernizeB.offerC.provideD.fund5Hercommentsaboutmenareutterlyridiculous.A.slightlyB.partlyC.completelyD.faintly6Everyweekthemagazinepresentstheprofileofawell-knownsportspersonal.A.successB.descriptionC.evidenceD.plan7HehasbeengrantedasyluminFrance.A.powerB.reliefC.protectionD.license8WhenIheardthenoiseinthenextroom,Icouldn?tresisthavingapeep.A.lookB.chanceC.visitD.try9Shemovesfromoneexoticlocationtoanother.A.familiarB.similarC.properD.unusual10Wealmostranintoarolls-Roycethatpulledoutinfrontofuswithoutsignaling.A.overtookB.hitC.passedD.found11Hewaswearyoftheconstantbattlebetweenthem.A.fondB.proudC.tiredD.afraid12Notingwouldinducemetovoteforhimagain.A.attractB.teachC.helpD.discourage13Heshiftedhispositionalittleinordertoalleviatethepaininhisleg.A.controlB.easeC.experienceD.suffer

2214ThephotographevokedstrongmemoriesofourholidaysinFrance.A.refreshedB.storedC.blockedD.erased15Newbornbabiescandiscriminatebetweenaman'sandwoman'svoices.A.treatB.expressC.analyzeD.distinguish}2~ᑖ%▅ᑨ}1622⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ7ᑖ{☢Ḅᦻ"ᑡK57᪷ᦻḄᑁ\K%᝞D*Ḅ@¡⌱¢A£᝞D*Ḅ┯¥¡⌱¢B£᝞DḄ¡ᦻ)¦ᨵ*§⌱¢C஺Europa'swateryunderworldEuropa,oneofJupiter's63knownmoons,looksbrightandicyonthesurface.Butappearancescanbedeceiving:Mileswithinitscracked,frigidshell,Europaprobablyhidesgiantpoolsofliquidwater.Wherescientistsfindliquidwater,theyhopetofindlifeaswell.Sincewecan'tgodivingintoEuropa'sdepthsjustyet,scientistsinsteadhavetoinvestigatethemoon'ssurfaceforcluestowhatliesbeneath.Inanewstudy,scientistsinvestigatedonegroupofstrangeicepatternsonEuropaandconcludedthattheformationsmarkthetopofanundergroundpoolthatholdsasmuchwaterastheU.S.GreatLakes.PicturesofEuropa,whichisslightlysmallerthanEarth'smoon,clearlyshowatangled,icymishmashoflinesandcracksknownas“chaosterrains."ThesechaoticplacescovermorethanhalfofEuropa.Formorethan10years,scientistshavewonderedwhatcausestheformations.Thenewstudysuggeststhattheyarisefromthemixingofvastundergroundstoresofliquidwaterwithicymaterialnearthesurface.ForscientistswhosuspectthatEuropaalsomaybehidinglifebeneathitsicysurface,thenewsaboutthenewlakeisexciting.“Itwouldbegreatiftheselakesharboredlife,“BritneySchmidt,aplanetaryscientistwhoworkedonthestudy,toldScienceNews.uButeveniftheydidn't,theysaythatEuropaisdoingsomethinginterestingandactiverightnow.^^Schmidt,ascientistattheUniversityofTexasatAustin,andhercolleagueswantedtoknowhowchaosterrainsform.Sincetheycouldn'trockettoEuropatoseeforthemselves,theysearchedforsimilarformationshereonEarth.TheystudiedcollapsediceshelvesinAntarcticaandicycapsonvolcanoesinIceland.ThosefeaturesonEarthformedwhenliquidwatermixedwithice.ThescientistsnowsuspectsomethingsimilarmightbehappeningonEuropa:thataswater

23andiceofdifferenttemperaturesmingleandshift,thesurfacefractures.Thiswouldexplainthejumbledicesculptures.“FracturingcatastrophicallydisruptstheiceinthesamewaythatitcausesiceshelvestocollapseonEarth,“SchmidttoldScienceNews.SheandherteamfoundthattheprocesscouldbecausingchaosterrainstoformquicklyonEuropa.Thenewstudysuggeststhatonthismoon,elementssuchasoxygenfromthesurfaceblendwiththedeepbodiesofwater.Thatmixturemaycreateanenvironmentthatsupportslife.16.TheliquidwaterofanundergroundpoolofEuropaisestimatedxxxxxoftheUSGreatlakes.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention17.ThestrangeicepatternsonEuropaareformedasaresultofaxxxxxundergroundwaterpool.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention18.EuropaisthemostrecentlydiscoveredoneamongJupiter's63knownmoons.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention19.ThesizeofEuropaisabitlargerthanthatofEarth'smoon.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention20.SchmidtandhercolleaguesarethefirstgroupofscientiststocarryoutastudyonEuropa.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention21.TheformationsonEuropa'ssurfaceareratheruniqueintheuniverse.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention22.Theexistenceofliquidwaterisanecessityforalife-supportingenvironment.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention}3~ᑖ%ᭆ©ᜧ
«¬ᡂ}2330⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ8ᑖ{F☢Ḅᦻ"ᨵ2⚗®w¯°%1}2326⚪⌕²³ᡠ´Ḅ6⌱⚗)}25

24µµ⌱¢1ᨬ¶᪗⚪£2}2730⚪⌕²³ᡠ´Ḅ6⌱⚗)1ᨬ¶⌱⚗஺LearnaboutNobleGases¸ឋ¹º{1Haveyoueverriddenonaballoon?Manytouristspotsofferballoonridesinorderforpeopletoseethebeautyofaplacefromabove.Aballooncontainsanoblegascalledhelium»{.Formerly,balloonscontainedhydrogenbuthydrogenisveryflammableanddangerouswhenuncontrolled.Therefore,peopleshiftedtohelium,whichissafer.Heliumissafebecauseithasthepropertiesofthenoblegases.2Peopleoncebelievedthatnoblegasescouldn'tchemicallyreactatall.Forthisreason,theywerecalledinertgases¸ឋ¹º{.TheywerealsolistedunderGroup0intheoldperiodictablebecausescientistsbelievedthatthegaseshavezerovalence¼{electronsintheiroutershell.Thiswaslaterproventobeuntruewhensomenoblegascompoundswerediscovered.3Thegasesareelements,whichsharesimilarproperties.Thesepropertiesincludebeingmonoatomic,colorless,odorless,beingabletoconductelectricity,andhavinglowchemicalreactivity.NoblegasesincludeHelium,Neon,Argon,Krypton,XenonandRadon.TheseareallfoundinGroup18,intherightmostcolumnoftheperiodictable.Ifyoulookattheperiodictable,youwillnoticethattheseelementsaretheonlyones,whichdonothaveacharge.HeliumhasthelowestmolecularᑖḄ{weightwhileRadonistheheaviest.4Rememberthatchemicalreactionsoccurbecauseatomshavevalenceelectrons,whichareelectronsintheiroutershell.Whentheoutershellis“unfilled“ortherequirednumberofelectronsisnotyetcomplete,theatomismorereactive.Noblegaseshaveafulloutershell,meaningthattheyhavecompleteelectronsintheiroutershell.Thiscompletenumbervaries.Forinstance,theoutershellofHeliumhas2valenceelectronswhiletheoutershellofXenonhas8electrons.Nowadays,thereremainstobeafewnoblegasesbecauseofthelowchemicalreactivityofthesesaidgases.5becauseoftheirproperties,noblegaseshavemanyimportantapplications.Theyarewidelyusedinmedicineandindustries.Forinstance,liquidHeliumisusedforsuperconductingmagnets½º{.Thesemagnetsareveryimportantinphysicsandmedicine.Whenadoctorsuspectsthataperson'sbrainhasbeendamaged,hemightrequestforMagneticResonanceImaging
MRI.MRIallowsthedoctorto“see"thebrain,withoutoperatingonthepatient.23.paragraph224.paragraph325.paragraph426.paragraph5

25A.Whatarenoblegases?B.whatistheperiodictable?C.Whatcausesthelowchemicalreactivityofnoblegases?D.Howwerenoblegasesunderstoodinthepast?E.Howwerenoblegasesdiscovered?F.Whataretheapplicationsofnoblegases?27.Noblegasesarenotverychemically_.28.AmongtheelementsofnoblegasesHeliumisthe_.29.Therequirednumberofelectronsinnoblegases'outershellis_.30.MRImaymakeoperatingonthepatient_.A.lightestB.reactiveC.important0.completeE.flammableF.unnecessary}4~ᑖ%▅ᳮ¾}31L45⚪⚪3ᑖᐳ45ᑖ{☢ᨵ3¿ᦻ¿ᦻ"ᨵ5⍝⚪஺᪷ᦻᑁ⚪1ᨬ¶⌱⚗஺}Á¿GrossNationalHappinessInthelastcentury,newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However,onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia,thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhistÂᦟ{culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan,however,wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoung

26age.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread,andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then,in1972,anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodem,butwithoutlosingitstraditions.KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNatonalProduct(GNP).TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases,peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry'sprogressbypeople'shappiness.Ifthepeople'shappinessincreased,thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier,hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness(GNH).GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare,education,andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy,protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally,peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,stablegovernment.NowthereissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Teenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks,andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2008,KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking,ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesfbrthefirsttime.Finally,Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet.Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan'sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople,cultures,andland.BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil,perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.31.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck?A.Apresident.B.ABuddhistpriest.C.Aking.D.Ageneral.

2732.ApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan?A.Tomakeitspopulationgrow.B.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.C.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.D.Tokeepitstraditionsandcustoms.33.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPbyA.spendingmoremoney.B.spendinglessmoney.C.sellingmoreproducts.D.providingmorejobs.34.AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappieriftheyA.havenewtechnology.B.haveagood,stablegovernment.C.canchangetheirreligion.D.havemoremoney.35.TodaymanycountriesareA.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.B.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress.C.workingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH.D.takingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress.}Ä¿SmallButWiseOnDecember14,NASA1blastedasmallbutmightytelescopeintospace.ThetelescopeiscalledWISEandisaboutaswidearoundasatrashcan.Don'tletitssmallsizefool

28you:WISEhasapowerfuldigitalcamera,anditwillbetakingpicturesofsomethewildestobjects?intheknownuniverse,includingasteroids,faintstars,blazinggalaxies3andgiantcloudsofdustwhereplanetsandstarsarebom.'Tmveryexcitedbecausewe'regoingtobeseeingpartsoftheuniversethatwehaven'tseenbefore,“saidNedWright,ascientistwhodirectstheWISEproject.Sincearrivinginspace,theWISEtelescopehasbeencirclingtheEarth,heldbygravityinapolarorbit(thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap).Itscameraispointedoutward,awayfromtheEarth,andWISEwillsnapapictureofadifferentpartoftheskyevery11minutes.Aftersixmonthsitwillhavetakenpicturesacrosstheentiresky.ThepicturestakenbyWISEwon'tbelikeeverydaydigitalphotographs,however.WISEstandsfor”Wide-fieldInfraredSurveyExplorer."Asitsnamesuggests,theWISEcameratakespicturesoffeaturesthatgiveoffinfraredradiation6.Radiationisenergythattravelsasawave.Visiblelight,includingthefamiliarspectrumoflightthatbecomesvisibleinarainbow,isanexampleofradiation.Whenanordinarydigitalcameratakesapictureofatree,forexample,itreceivesthewavesofvisiblelightthatarereflectedoffthetree.Whenthesewavesenterthecamerathroughthelens,theyYeprocessedbythecamera,whichthenputstheimagetogether.Wavesofinfraredradiationarelongerthanwavesofvisiblelight,soordinarydigitalcamerasdon'tseethem,andneitherdotheeyesofhumanbeings.Althoughinvisibletotheeye,longerinfraredradiationcanbedetectedaswarmthbytheskin.That'sakeyideatowhyWISEwillbeabletoseethingsothertelescopescan't.Noteverythingintheuniverseshowsupinvisiblelight.Asteroids,forexample,aregiantrocksthatfloatthroughspacebuttheyabsorbmostofthelightthatreachesthem.Theydon'treflectlight,sothey'redifficulttosee.Buttheydogiveoffinfraredradiation,soaninfraredtelescopelikeWISEwillbeabletoproduceimagesofthem.DuringitsmissionWISEwilltakepicturesofhundredsofthousandsofasteroids.Browndwarfs8areanotherkindofdeep-spaceobjectthatwillshowupinWISE'spictures.Theseobjectsare''failed"stars-whichmeanstheyarenotmassiveenoughtojumpstart9thesamekindofreactionsthatpowerstarssuchasthesun.Instead,browndwarfssimplyshrinkandcooldown.They'resodimthatthey'realmostimpossibletoseewithvisiblelight,butintheinfraredspectrumtheyglow.36.WhatissospecialaboutWISE?AItisassmallasatrashcan.

29BItissmallinsizebutcarriesalargecamera.CItsdigitalcamerahelpastronomersseetheunknownspace.DNeverbeforehasatelescopecarriedadigitalcameraintospace.37.ThecameraonWISEAisequippedwithexpensivecomputers.Breflectslightvisibletothehumaneye.Cissimilartoanordinarydigitalcamera.Dproducesimagesofobjectsgivingoffinfraredradiation.38ItistruethatinfraredradiationAisnotdetectabletohumans஺Blooksbrighterthanvisiblelight.CisvisiblelightreflectedoffanobjectoDhavelongerwavesthanthoseofvisiblelighto39WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutasteroidsisNOTtrue?A.theWISEtelescopecancatchandtakepicturesofthem.BTheyfloatthroughspacegivingoffvisiblelight.CTheydonotreflectlightthatreachesthem஺DTheyareinvisibletoordinarycameraso40itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatbrowndwarfsAgiveoffinfraredradiation.Barepowerstarslikethesun.Cbecomemassiveandactive.

30DareinvisibletotheWISEtelescope.}¿DownloadKnowledgeDirectlytoYourBrainForthefirsttime,researchershavebeenabletohackintotheprocessoflearninginthebrain,usinginducedbrainpatternstocreatealearnedbehavior.It'snotquiteasadvancedasaninstantkung-fudownload,andit'snotassleekὃÅḄascognitiveinceptionÆÇ{,butit'sstillanimportantfindingthatcouldleadtonewteachingandrehabilitationtechniques.Futuretherapiescoulddecodethebrainactivitypatternsofanathleteoramusician,andusethemasabenchmark᪗É{forteachinganotherpersonanewactivity,accordingtotheresearchers.ScientistsfromBostonUniversity
BUandATRComputationalNeuroscienceLaboratoriesinKyotousedfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging,orfMRI,tostudythelearningprocess.Theywereexaminingtheadultbrain'saptitudeforvisualperceptuallearning,orVPL,inwhichrepetitivetrainingimprovesaperson'sperformanceonaparticulartask.Whetheradultscandothisaswellasyoungpeoplehasbeenanongoingdebateinneuroscience
ÊcËÌÍÎ.LedbyBUneuroscientistTakeoWatanabe,researchersusedamethodcalleddecodedfMRIneurofeedbacktostimulatethevisualcortexÏÐ{.Firsttheyshowedparticipantscirclesatdifferentorientations.ThentheyusedfMRItowatchtheparticipants,brainactivity.Theresearcherswerethenabletotraintheparticipantstorecreatethisvisualcortexactivity.ThevolunteerswereagainplacedinMRImachinesandaskedtovisualizeshapesofcertaincolors.Theparticipantswereaskedto“somehowregulateactivityintheposterior"~Ḅ{partofthebrain”tomakeasolidgreendiscaslargeastheycould.Theyweretoldtheywouldgetapaidbonusproportionaltothesizeofthisdisc,buttheyweren'ttoldanythingaboutwhatthediscmeant.Theresearcherswatchedtheparticipants1brainactivityandmonitoredtheactivationpatternsintheirvisualcortices.“Participantscanbetrainedtocontroltheoverallmeanactivationofanentirebrainregion,thestudyauthorswrite,<4ortheactivationinoneregionrelativetothatinanotherregion.Thisworkedevenwhentestsubjectswerenotawareofwhattheywerelearning,theresearcherssaid.“Themostsurprisingthinginthisstudyisthatmereinductionsofneuralactivationpatternscorrespondingtoaspecificvisualfeatureledtovisualperformanceimprovementonthevisualfeature,withoutpresentingthefeatureorsubjects'awarenessofwhatwastobelearned,,,Watanabesaidinastatement.Watanabeandcolleaguessaidthismethodcanbeapowerfultool.

31“Itcan'incept'apersontoacquirenewlearning,skills,ormemory,orpossiblytorestoreskillsorknowledgethathasbeendamagedthroughaccident,disease,oraging,withoutaperson'sawarenessofwhatislearnedormemorized,Mtheywrite.41.Whathaveresearchersbeenabletodowiththehelpofthestudy?A.Makeapersonknowhowtodosomethingwithoutlearning.B.Setupdifferentlearningpatternsfordifferentpeople.C.Discoveraperson\learningprocessinthebrain.D.Enablepeopletolearnkungfuinstantly.42.Whathelpsapersontodoaparticulartaskbetterinvisualperceptuallearning?A.TestingB.RepetitionC.EncouragementD.Self-assessment43.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheexperimentparticipants?A.TheylearnedhowtocontrolMRLmachinesintheexperimentB.TheywerepaidtotakepartintheexperimentC.TheywerenotcooperativeintheexperimentD.Theywerenottoldwhattobelearnedintheexperiment44.ThefindingofthestudyismostsignificantinthatlearningA.isfulloffunB.isvisualizedC.happensunconsciouslyD.becomesunnecessary

3245.Whoaremostlikelytobenefitfromthestudy?A.SeniorpeopleB.TeenagersC.MusiciansD.Athletes}5~ᑖ%⊡ᐰᦻ(}46L50⚪⚪2ᑖᐳ10ᑖ)☢Ḅᦻᨵ5ᜐÔÕᦻ"ᨵ6ᐸ)5Ö×ᦻ᪷ᦻᑁØᐸᑖÙÚÛÜᨵiÝ7ឮaᦻÞÜß஺TheMysteriesofNazcaInthedesertofPeru,300kilometersfromLima,oneofthemostunusualartworksintheworldhasmystified(àá)peoplefordecades.(46)Butfromhighabove,thesemarksarehugeimagesofbirds,fish,seashells,allbeautifullycarvedintotheearth.TheNazcalinesaresodifficulttoseefromthegroundthattheyweren'tdiscovereduntilthe1930s,whenpilotsspottedthemwhileflyingoverthearea.Inall,thereareabout70differenthumanandanimalfiguresontheplain,alongwith900triangles,circles,andlines.Researchershavefiguredoutthatthelinesareatleast1,500yearsold,buttheirpurposeisstillamystery.(47)However,itwouldprobablybeverytrickytolandaspaceshipinthemiddleofpicturesofdogsandmonkeys.Inthe1940s,anAmericanexplorernamedPaulKosoksuggestedthatthedrawingsareachronicle(âã)ofthemovementofthestarsandplanets.(48)later,anastronomertestedhistheorywithacomputer,buthecouldn'tfindanyrelationbetweenthelinesandmovementsinspace.Anotherexplanationisthatthelinesmayhavebeenmadeforreligiousreasons.BritishresearcherTonyMorrisoninvestigatedthecustomsofpeopleintheAndesMountainandlearnedthattheysometimespraybythesideoftheroad.It'spossiblethatinthepast,thelinesofNazcawerecreatedforasimilarpurpose.(49)Butthelocalpeoplehaveneverconstructedanythingthisbig.Recently,twootherscientists,DavidJohnsonandSteveMabee,havespeculatedthatlinescouldhavebeenrelatedtowater.Nazcaisoneofthedriestplacesintheworldandreceivesonly2cmofraineveryyear.WhileJohnsonwassearchingfbrancientwatersourcesinthearea,he

33noticedthatsomewaterwaysbuiltancientpeoplewereconnectedwiththelines.JohnsonbelievesthattheNazcalinesareagiantmapofundergroundwaterinthearea.(50)A.HecalledNazca“thelargestastronomybookintheworld”B.Seenfromtheground,itlookslikelinesscratchedintotheearth.C.Scholarsdifferininterpretingthepurposeofthedesigns.D.Otherscientistsarenowsearchingforevidencetoprovethis.E.ASwisswriternamedErichvonDanikenwrotethattheNazcalinesweredesignedasalandingplaceforUFOs.F.Thelargestpicturemayhavebeenthesitesforspecialceremonies.}6~ᑖ%¬äEÔ(}51L65⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ)☢Ḅᦻᨵ15ᜐÔÕ᪷ᦻᑁᜐÔÕ1ᨬ¶⌱⚗஺SolarPowerwithoutSolarCellsAdramaticandsurprisingmagneticeffectoflightdiscoveredbyUniversityofMichigan1researcherscouldleadtosolarpowerwithouttraditionalsemiconductor-basedsolarcells.Theresearchersfoundawaytomakean"optical(ᐝḄ)(51)saidStephenRand,aprofessorinthedepartmentsofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,PhysicsandAppliedPhysics.Lighthaselectricandmagnetic(52).Untilnow,scientiststhoughttheofthemagneticfieldweresoweakthattheycouldbe(53).WhatRandandhiscolleaguesfoundisthatattherightintensity,whenlightistravelingthroughamaterialthatdoesnot(54)electricity,thelightfieldcangeneratemagneticeffectsthatare100milliontimesstrongerthanexpected,thesecircumstances,themagneticeffectsdevelopstrength(55)toastrongelectriceffect."Thiscouldleadtoanewkindofsolarcellwithoutsemiconductorsandwithoutabsorptiontoproducechargeseparation,"Randsaid."Insolarcells,the(56)goesintoamaterial,getsabsorbedandcreatesheat.Here,weexpecttohaveaverylowheatload.Insteadofthelightbeingabsorbed,energyisstoredinthemagneticmoment.Intensemagnetizationcanbeinducedbyintenselightandthenitisultimatelycapableofprovidingacapacitivepower(57)."Whatmakesthispossibleisapreviouslyundetectedbrandof"opticalrectification(æ@)“saysWilliamFisher,adoctoralstudentinappliedphysics.Intraditionalopticalrectification,light'selectricfieldcausesachargeseparation,orapulling(58)ofthepositiveandnegativechargesin

34amaterial.Thissetsupavoltage,similarto(59)inabattery.RandandFisherfoundthatundertherightcircumstancesandinrighttypesofmaterials,thelight'smagneticfieldcanalsocreateopticalrectification.Thelightmustbeshonethrougha(60)thatdoesnotelectricity,suchasglass.Anditmustbefocusedtoanintensityof10millionwattspersquarecentimeters.Sunlightisn'tthis(61)onitsown,butnewmaterialsarebeingsoughtthatwouldworkatlowerintensities,Fishersaid."Inourmostrecentpaper,weshowthatincoherent(çḄ)lightlikesunlightistheoreticallyalmost(62)effectiveinproducingchargeseparationaslaserlightis,"Fishersaid.Thisnew(63)couldmakesolarpowercheaper,theresearcherssay.Theypredictthatwithimprovedmaterialstheycouldachieve10percentefficiencyin13solarpowertouseableenergy.That'sequivalenttotoday'scommercial-gradesolarcells."Tomanufacture14solarcells,youhavetodo(64)semiconductorprocessing,"Fishersaid.HA11wewouldneedarelensestofocusthelightandafibertoguideit.Glassworksfor(65).It'salreadymadeinbulk,anditdoesn'trequireasmuchprocessing.Transparentceramics(◌éᩞᧇ)mightbeevenbetter."51AbatteryBdiscCinstrumentDfiber52AapplicationsBresourcesCdifferencesDcomponents53AconcernedBexpectedCignoredDnoticed54AproduceBuseCconductDconsume55AequivalentBreactiveCPreferableDdue56AelectricityBlightCchemicalDgas57AplantBsourceCequipmentDline58AupBdownCtogetherDapart59AthatBthisCthoseDthese60AdeviceBdetectorCmeterDmaterial61AbrightBintenseCfaintDvisible62AmoreBmuchCasDsuch

3563AtechnologyBskillCmiracleDprototype64AinteractiveBselectiveCextensiveDintensive65AallBbothCsomeDothers1B2A3D4A5C6B7C8A9D10B11C12A13B14A15D16A17B18C19B20C21B22A23E24A25C26F27B28A29D30F3IC32D33C34B35A36C37D38D39B40A41C42B43D44C45A46B47E48A49F50D51A52D53C54C55A56B57B58D59A60D61B62C63A64C65B2010nᐰpqrsᳮyzAu{ὃwì⚪§íᫀ}1~ᑖ%⌱⚗}115⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ{☢)ᙳᨵ1ᡈᑜᨵ
ᜐᑜᑖ1ᨬḄ⌱⚗஺1.Ican'tputupwithmyneighbor'snoiseanylonger,it'Sdrivingmemad.A.tolerateB.generateC.reduce

36D.mensure2.Regularvisitsfromasocialworkercanbeofimmensevaluetooldpeoplelivingalone.A.equalB.immediateC.moderateD.great3.Hewasrathervagueaboutthereasonswhyheneverfinishedschool.A.brightB.unclearC.generalD.bad4.Iwanttoprovidemyboyswithadecenteducation.A.specialB.privateC.generalD.good5.Sleepstairscanpresentaparticularhazardtoolderpeople.A.pictureB.dangerC.evidenceD.case

376.Ourarrangementswerethrownintocompleteturmoil.A.doubtB.reliefC.failureD.confusion7.Patriciastaredattheothergirlswithresentment.A.loveB.suipriseC.angerD.doubt8.Yourdogneedsatleast20minutesofvigorousexerciseeveryday.A.energeticB.freeC.physicalD.regular9.Ienjoyedtheplay-ithadacleverplotandveryfunnydialogues.A.boringB.originalC.humorousD.long10.Lowertaxeswouldspurinvestmentandhelpeconomicgrowth.A.attract

38B.spendC.encourageD.require11.Hedemolishedmyargumentinminutes.A.supportedB.disprovedC.disputedD.accepted12.Thetwobankshaveannouncedplanstomergenextyear.A.closeB.sellC.breakD.combine13.Herfatherwasaquietmanwithgracefulmanners.A.politeB.usualC.badD.similar14.Theprojectrequiredtenyearsofdiligentresearch.A.hardworkingB.socialC.basic

39D.scientific15.Hewaskeptinappallingconditionsinprison.A.necessaryB.terribleC.criticalD.normal2ᑖ▅ᑨ1622⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ7ᑖ#$☢Ḅ&ᦻ(ᑡ*+7,-᪷/&ᦻḄᑁ12,-3*ᑨ᝞56,78Ḅ9:;<⌱=A>᝞56,78Ḅ9┯@;<⌱=B>᝞56,Ḅ;<ᦻABᨵ7C⌱=C஺CaliforniaGivesGreenLighttoSpaceSolarPowerEnergybeameddownfromspaceisonestepclosertoreality,nowthatCaliforniahasgiventhegreenlighttoanagreementthatwouldseethePacificGasandElectricCompanybuy200megawattᐚEofpowerbeameddownfromsolar-powersatellitesbeginningin2016.Butsomemajorchailengeswillhavetobeovercomedifthetechnologyistobeusedwidely.Astart-upcompanycalledSolarenisdesigningthesatellites,whichitsayswilluseradiowavestobeamenergydowntoareceivingstationonEarth.TheattractionofcollectingsolarpowerinspaceisthealmostuninterruptedsunshineavailableineosynchronousFᙢᳫIJḄorbil.Earth-basedsolarcells,bycontrast,canonlycollectsun.Lightduringdaytimeandwhenskiesareclear.Butspace-basedsolarpowermustgrappleKLMᨴO#withthehighcostperkilogramoflaunchingthingsintospace,saysRichardSchwartzofPurdueUniversityinWestLafayette,Indiana,"Ifyou'retalkingaboutitbeingeconomicallyviableorpoweroftheEarth,it'satoughgo."hesays.CalBoerman,Solaren'sdirectorofenergyservices,saysthecompanydesigneditssatelliteswithaviewtokeepinglaunchcostsdown."Weknewwehadtocomeupwithadifferent,revolu-tionarydesign,nhesays.Apatentthecompanyhaswondescribeswaystoreducethesystemweight,includingusinginflatableminorstofocussunlightonsolarcells,soasmallernumbercancollectthesameamountofenergy.

40ButusingminorsintroducesotherchaHenges,includingkeepingthesolarcellsfromoverhea-ting,saysSchwartz."YouhavetotakecareofheatdissipationᦣQ#becauseyou'renowconcen-tratingalotofenergyinoneplace,"hesays.Accordingtothecompany'spatent,Solaren'ssolarcellswillbeconnectedtoradiatorstohelpkeepthemcool.ThoughBoermansaysthecompanybelievesitcanmakespace-basedsolarpowerwork,itisnotexpectingtocrowdoutotherformsofrenewableenergy.LawsinCaliforniaandotherstatesrequireincreasinguseofrenewableenergyincomingyears,hepointsout."Tomeetthoseneeds,we'rego-ingtoneedalltypesofrenewableenergysources,“hesays.16.Solar-powersatelliteswilluseradiowavestobeamenergydownfromspace.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.Solarenisgoingtodesign200solar-powersatellites.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Space-basedsolarcellscouldcollectsolarpoweronlywhenskiesareclear.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Oneadvantageofspace-basedsolarpowersystemisthatitiseconomical.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Inflatableminorsareusedtoreducethespace-basedsolarpowersystem.

41A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.Space-basedsolarpowerwillruleoutotherformsofrenewableenergysources.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.Manycountrieswillgrantpermissionfortheuseofspaced-basedsolarpowersoon.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned3ᑖᭆSᜧFUᡂ,-23L30⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ8ᑖ#$☢Ḅ&ᦻ(ᨵ2⚗WXYZ
123L26⚪⌕\]ᡠ_Ḅ6⌱⚗A2-5``⌱=1ᨬa᪗⚪>
227L30⚪⌕\]ᡠ_Ḅ6⌱⚗A,-1ᨬa⌱⚗஺NaturalGas1Naturalgasisproducedfromreservoirsdeepbeneaththeearth'ssurface.Itisafossilfuelcᱥefᧇ#meaningthatitisderivedfromorganicmaterialburiedintheearthmillionsofyearsago.Themaincomponentofnaturalgasismethaneᵬi#.2Thepopularityanduseofcleannaturalgashasincreaseddramaticallyoverthepast50yearsaspipelineinfrastructurekl*mn#hasbeeninstalledtodeliveritconvenientlyandeconomicallytomillionsofresidential,commercialandindustrialcustomersworldwide.Today,naturalgasserviceisavailableinall50statesintheU.S.,andistheleadingenergychoiceforfuelingAmericanhomesandidustriesoMorethan65millionAmericanhomesusenaturalgas.In

42fact,naturalgasisthemosteconomicalsourceforhomeenergyneeds,costingone-thirdasmuchaselectricity.Inaddi-tiontoheatinghomes,muchofthegasusedintheUnitedStatesisusedasarawmaterialtomanu-factureawidevarietyofproducts,frompaint,tofibersforclothing,toplasticsforheahhcare,con-putingandfurnishings.Naturalgasisalsousedinasignificantnumberofnewelectricity-generatingpowerplants.3Naturalgasisoneofthesafestandcleanestfuelsavailable.Itemitslesspollutionthanoth-erfossilfuelsources.Whennaturalgasisburned,itproducesmostlycarbondioxideopᓄr#andwatervapor-thesamesubstancesemittedwhenhumansexhale.Comparedwithsomeotherfos-silfuels,naturalgasemitstheleastamountofcarbondioxideintotheairwhencombustedfs#makingnaturalgasthecleanestburningfossilfuelofal1.4TheUnitedStatesconsumesaboutone-thirdoftheworld'snaturalgasoutput,makingitthelargestgas-consumingregionintheworld.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy*SEnergyInformationAd-ministrationforecaststhatnaturalgasdemandwillgrowbymorethan50percentby2025.5Therearehugereservesofnaturalgasbeneaththeearth'ssurface.ThelargestreservesofnaturalgascanbefoundinRussia,WestandNorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.LNGtᓄᜩᯠw#hasbeenproduceddomesticallyandimportedintheUnitedStatesformorethanfourdecades.Today,theleadingimportesofLNGareJapan
Korea,FranceandSpain.23.Paragraph2.24.Paragraph3.25.Paragraph4.26.Paragraph5.A.PopularityanduseofnaturalgasB.NaturalgasreservesandsupplyC.NaturalgaspricesD.CleanfuelofchoiceE.DisadvantagesofnaturalgasF.Naturalgasconsumption

4327.Naturalgasisstoreddeep28.Naturalgasisrecognizedasthemosteconomicalenergysource.29.Whenmanufacturingmanyproducts,peoplecommonlyusenaturalgas.30.Itisestimatedthatby2025thatnaturalgasdemandintheUnitedStateswillincrease.A.overthepast50yearsBbeneaththeearthsurfaceC.bymorethan50percentD.formorethanfourdecadesE.asarawmaterialF.forhomeenergyneeds4ᑖ▅ᳮy31L45⚪⚪3ᑖᐳ45ᑖ#$☢ᨵ3z&ᦻz&ᦻ(ᨵ5⍝⚪஺᪷/&ᦻᑁ1⚪1ᨬa⌱⚗஺|zHowtheFirstStarsintheUniverseCameintoExistenceHowthefirststarsformedfromthisdustandgashasbeenaburningquestionforyears,butastate-of-the-artcomputersimulationnowoffersthemostdetailedpictureyetofhowthesefirststarsintheuniversecameintoexistence,researcherssay.Thecompositionoftheearlyuniversewasquitedifferentfromthatoftoday,andthephysicsthatgovernedtheearlyuniversewerealsosomewhatsimpler.Dr.NaokiYoshidaandcolleaguesinJapanandtheU.S.incorporatedtheseconditionsoftheearlyuniverse,sometimesreferredtoasthe"cosmicdarkages,"tosimulatetheformationofanastronomicalobjectthatwouldeventuallyshineitslightintothisdarkness.Theresultisadetaileddescriptionoftheformationofaprotostar-theearlystageofamassiveprimordialstarofouruniverse,andtheresearchers'computersimulation,whichhasbeencalleda"cosmicRosettaStone,"setsthebarforfurtherinvestigationintothestarformation

44process.Thequestionofhowthefirststarsevolvedissoimportantbecausetheirformationsandeventualexplo-sionsprovidedtheseedsforsubsequentstarstocomeintobeing.Accordingtotheirsimulation,gravityactedonminutedensityvariationsinmatter,gases,andthemysterious"darkmatter'oftheuniverseaftertheBigBanginordertoformthisearlystageofastar-aprotostarwithamassofjustonepercentofoursun.Thesimulationrevealshowpre-stellargaseswouldhaveactuallyevolvedunderthesimplerphysicsoftheearlyuniversetoformthisprotostar.Dr.Yoshida*ssimulationalsoshowsthattheprotostarwouldlikelyevolveintoamassivestarcapableofsynthesizingheavyelements,notjustinlatergenerationsofstars,butsoonaftertheBigBang."Thisgenealpictureofstarformation,andtheabilitytocomparehowstellarobjectsformindifferenttimeperiodsandregionsoftheuniverse,willeventuallyallowinvestigationintotheoriginsoflifeandplanets,"saidLarsHemquist,aProfessorofAstronomyatHarvardUniversityandacoauthorofthislatestreport.'Theabundanceofelementsintheuniversehasincreasedasstarshaveaccumulated,"hesays,"andtheformationanddestructionofstarscontinuestospreadtheseele.mentsfurtheracrosstheuniverse.Sowhenyouthinkaboutit.al1oftheelementsinourbodiesoriginallyformedfromnuclearreactionsinthecentersofstars,longago.HTheirsimulationofthebirthofaprotostarintheearlyuniversesignifiesakeysteptowardtheambitiousgoalofpiecingtogethertheformationofanentireprimordialstarandofpredictingthemassandpropertiesofthesefirststarsoftheuniverse.Morepowerfulcomputers,morephysicaldata,andanevenlargerrangewillbeneededforfurthercalculationsandsimulations,buttheseresearchershopetoeventuallyextendthissimulationtothepointofnuclearreactionin.itiation-whenastellarob.jectbecomesatruestar."Dr.Yoshidahastakenthestudyofprimordialstarformationtoanewlevelwiththissimulation,butitstillgetsusonlytothehalfwaypointtowardsourfinalgoal.Itislikelayingthefoundationofaskyscraper,“saidVolkerBromm,AssistantProfessorofAstronomyattheUniversityofTex.as,Austinandtheauthorofacompanionarticle.HWemustcontinueourstudiesinthisareatoun-derstandhowtheinitiallytinyprotostargrows,layerbylayer,toeventuallyformamassivestar.Buthere,thephysicsbecomemuchmorecomplicatedandevenmorecomputationalresourcesareneeded.”31.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theearlyuniverse.A.wasgovernedbysimplerphysicsB.gotfewerstarsshinninginitC.startedover13billionyearsago

45D.wascomposedinawaysimilartothatoftoday32.Whatcanthestate-of-the.artcomputersimulationtellusabout?A.HowtheBigBangoccurredabout13billionyearsago.B.Howncosmicdarkagesncameintoexistence.C.HowdustgrainsandgaseswereformedaftertheBigBang.D.HowthefirststarscanleintobeingaftertheBigBang.33.Whatdoesthe"astronomicalobject"inparagraph2referto?A.cosmicdarkages.B.dustgrainsandgases.C.aprotostar.D.theearlyuniverse.34.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatisNOTtrueaboutaprotostar?A.ItdevelopedintoamassivestarduringtheBigBang.B.Itevolvedfrompre-stellargases.C.Itwasabletointegrateheavyelementswhenevolvingintoamassivestar.D.Ithadamassofonepercentofthesun.35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,allofthefollowingaregoalsofthesimulationprojectEXCEPTA.toknowmoreaboutthemassandpropertiesofthefirststarsoftheuniverseB.tosimulatetheprocessofhowtheearlyuniversebeganC.toapplythesimulationtothestudyofnuclearreactioninitiationD.todiscoverthetruthabouttheformationofaprotostar

46ozTheIcemanOnaSeptember,dayin1991,twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainbetweenAustraandIta.ly.Highuponamountainpass,theyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight
10,499feet,or3,200meters,theiceisusuallypermanent,but1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethaniustusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface.Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton}~#wasinperfectconditionexceptawoundonthehead,remainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark᪛#andaholderforarrows.Whowastheman?Howandwhenhadhedied?Everybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.Somepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscentury,perhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarLsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthisarea.ASwisswomanwhobelieveditmightbeherfather,whohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholder,maybeevenathousandyearsold.Withmodemdatingtechniques,thescientistssoonlearnedthattheicemanwasabout5,300yearsold.Borninabout3300B.C.,helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidence,however,tellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskin,butitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswound,andnotfromthewoundoilthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofbattle.Itmayhavebeenpartoialargewar,orhemayhavebeenfightiingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself.Bystudyinghisclothesandtools,scientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhedied,buthehasgivenusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes.36.Thebodyoftheicemanwasfoundinthemountainsmainlybecause.A.hewaslyingontheiceB.twoGermanswereclimbingmountainsC.themeltedicemadehimvisibleD.hewasjustonamountainpass

4737.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A.Theicemanwaskilledwhileworking.B.Theicemancouldhavediedfromthewoundinthehead.C.Theicemanlivedapoorlife.D.Theicemanwasstruckdeadfrombehind.38.AllthefollowingareassumptionsoncemadeabouticemanEXCEPT.A.hewasasoldierinWorldWarIB.hecamefromItalyC.hewasaSwisswoman'slong-lostfatherD.Hewasbornaboutathousandyearsago39.Thescientistsmadethedeductionthattheiceman.A.washitintheshoulderbyanarrowheadB.wasprobablyinsomekindofabattleC.hadgotawoundonthebackofhisheadD.hasatinyholeinhisskincausinghisdeath.40.Thewordnbanditsninparagraph4couldbebestreplacedby.A.robbersB.soldiersChuntersD.shootersz

48ScientistsMakeSweetDiscoveringGoodnewsforchocoholicsthetreatpreferredbymillionsallovertheworldisgoodforyou,accordingtoAmericanresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia.Chocolatecontainssubstancescalledflavonoidsthatcanhelpmaintainahealthyheartandgoodcirculation.Theresearchershavediscoveredthatcocoaactslikeaspirinandthateatingabarofchocolatehasalsobeenshowntoreleaseendorphinsinthebodythesechemicalshelptoreducepainandstressandmakeyoufeelhappy.TheOlmecIndiansofMexicoandCentralAmericawerethefirsttogrowcocoabeans,inabout1500BC,andtheMayasweredrinkingunsweetenedcocahundredsofyearsbeforeitbecamefashionableinEurope.In1544,adelegationofMayannoblesvisitedPhilipofSpainandgavehimjarsofcocoaasagift.CocoasoonbecamefashionableinSpainandPortugal.TheSpanishwerethefirsttoaddsugartotheircocoadrink.Bythemiddleofthecentury,solidchocolatewasbecomingfamiliar.In1765,JamesBakerandJohnHananopenedthefirstchocolatemillintheUnitedStates,introducingchocolatetotheaveragecitizen.In1896,inSwitzerland,DanielPeterhadtheideaofaddingmilkinthechocolate-makingprocessandproducedthefirstmilkchocolate.Sincethen,chocolatehasgrownenormouslyinpopularity.Oneofthebiggestchocolate-eatingnationsisBritainwheretheaverageman,women,andchildeatsninekilosofchocolateayear.Infact,chocolateisthenumberonecomfortfoodandtherearemorechocoholicsinBritainthananywhereelseintheworld.Researcherswarnthatalthoughchocolateisgoodforyou,itshouldbeeateninsmallquantitiesandwithnoaddedmilk.41.Whyischocolategoodfbrheaaandcirculation?A.Itreducespainandstress.B.Itcontainssubstancescalledflavonoids.C.Itreleasesendorphinsinhumanbody.D.Itactslikeaspirintoprotectheart.42.WhencocoawasfirstintroducedtoEurope,itsoonbecamefashionable.A.asadrinkB.asagift

49C.asfoodD.asamedicine43.WhatdoesJamesBakersandJohnHanandoaboutchocolate?A.Theyproducethefirstmildchocolate.B.TheyintroducechocolatetoEurope.C.Theyaddsugartomakechocolatebars.D.Theymakechocolateaccessibletoaverageman.44.Whichisthefollowingstatementisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Chocolatecontainssubstancesthatmakepeoplefeelhappy.B.Chocolateisgoodforhealthifitiseatenwithaddedmilk.C.Eatingchocolateoccasionallycontributestoahealthydiet.D.Chocolateislovedbymillionsofpeopleworldwide.45.WhatiStheauthor'stoneabouteatingchocolates?A.ambiguousB.negativeC.positiveD.humorous5ᑖ⊡ᐰ&ᦻ46L50⚪⚪2ᑖᐳ10ᑖ#$☢Ḅ&ᦻᨵ5ᜐ&ᦻ(ᨵ6,-ᐸA5&ᦻ᪷/&ᦻᑁ1ᐸᑖᨵឮᦻ஺IJustKnowHowYouFeelDoyoufeelsad?Happy?Frustrated?Insouciant?Exonerated?Infuriated?Doyouthinkthatthewayyoudisplaytheseemotionsisunique?Well,thinkagain.EventheexpressionofthemostpersonalfeelingsCaBbedividedintogroups,classified,andperhaps,taught.Thisweekseesthe

50publicationofMindReading,aninteractiveDVD-romdisplayingeverypossiblehumanemotion.Itdemonstrates412distinctwaysinwhichwefeelthefirstvisualdictionaryofthehumanheart.TheattempttoclassifythehumanheartbeganwithDarwin.HisTheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimals,publishedin1872,dividedtheemotionsintosixtypes-anger,fear,sadness,disgust,surpriseandenjoyment.(46).Everyotherfeeling,ofwhichtheremaybethousands,wasthoughttoderivefromthissix-stronggroup.Morecomplexexpressionsofemotionwerelikelytobelearnedandthereforemorespecifictoeachculture.AnincredulousorindignantPacificislandermightnotbeabletoshowanEssexgirlexactlyhowshefelt.Butnowitisbelievedthat,whereasgesturesdonotcrossculturalboundarieswell,manymorefacialexpressionsthanDarwin'shalf-dozenaresharedworldwide,(47).TheMindReadingisasystematicrecordofeachoftheseexpressionsbeingactedout.TheprojectwasconceivedbyProfessorSimonBaron-CohenoftheautismresearchcentreinCambridgeasanaidforpeoplewithautism,whohavedifficultybothreadingandexpressingemotion.Butitquicklybecameapparentthatithadbroaderuses.Novelists,actorsandportraitpaintersallneedtodrawuponawiderangeofemotionalexpression,andteacherscoulduseitforclassesinpersonalandsocialdevelopment.Baron-Cohen'steamfirsthadtodecidewhatcountedasanemotion.(48).Usingthisdefinition,1,512emotiontermswereidentifiedandputtoapanelwhohadtodecideifeachrepre.sentedaseparateemotion,oriftheyweresynonyms.Thatlistwaswhittleddownto412,arrangedin24groups.from"afraid',to,,wanting".Oncetheemotionswereclassified,aDVDseemedthemostefficientwaytodisplaythem.InMindReading,eachexpressionsisactedout-sixtimes,bysixdifferentactors-inthreeseconds.(49).Theexplanationforthisissimplewemayfinditdifficulttodescribeemotionsusingwords,butweinstantlyrecognizeonewhenweseeitonsomeone'sface."Itwasreallyclearwhentheactorshadgotitright,"saysCathyCollis,whodirectedtheDVD.BUtthoughwefinditdifficulttodescribemanyemotions,weinstantlyrecognizeonewhenweseeone.HEvenwhentheactorswerestmgglingtogetanemotion,therewasasplitsecondwhenitwasabsolutelythere.Itwasreallyclearwhenthey'dgotit,࠷athyCollis,whodirectedtheDVD."Althoughtheactorsweregivensomedirection,theywerenottoldwhichfacialmuscletheyshouldmove."Sheadded(50)Forexample,whensomeonefeelscontempt,youcan'tsayforcertainthattheireyebrowsalwaysgodown.SomeonewhohastriedtoestablishsuchrulesistheAmericanProfessorPaul

51Ekman,whohasbuiltadatabaseofhowthefacemovesforeveryemotion.Thefacecanmake43distinctmusclemovementscalled"actionunits".Thesecanbecombinedintomorethan10.000visiblefacialshapes.Ekmanhaswrittenoutapaperoffacialmuscularmovementstorepresenteachemotion.A.WethoughtoftryingtodescribeeachemotionbutitwouldhavebeenalmostimpossibletomakeclearrulesforthisB.Theseparticularmusclesayedifficulttocontrol,andfewpeoplecandoit.C.Researchhasalsobeendonetofindoutwhichareasofthebrainreadtheemotionalexpressions.D.Theydecidedthatitwasamentalstatethatcouldbeprecededby'Tfbel”or”helooks"orushesounds”.E.Hesaidthattheexpressionofthesesfeelingsayeuniversalandrecognizablebyanyone,fromanyculture.F.Anyothermethodofshowingallthe412emotions,suchaswords,wouldhavebeenfarlessefiective.6ᑖU5165⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ#$☢Ḅ&ᦻᨵ15ᜐ᪷/&ᦻᑁ1ᜐ1ᨬa⌱⚗஺ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidityNotaplanttobeseen,thedesertgroundistoodry.Buttheaircontainswater,andresearchscientistshavefounda(51)ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous.Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelackofwater.Butevenhere,wheretherearenolakes,riversorgroundwater,considerablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesertinIsrael,forexample,annualaveragerelativeairhu-midityis64percent-ineverycubicmeterofairthereaye11.5millilitersofwater.Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater."Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources(52)thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaicceils,(53)makesthismethodcompletelyenergy-autonomous.Itwill(54)functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure,"saysSiegfriedEgner,headoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe(55)isasfollowshygroscopicbrine-salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisturerunsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthen

52sucked(56)atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails.Energyfromsolarcollectors(57)upthebrine,whichisdilutedbythewaterithas(58).Becauseofthevacuum,theboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthaaitwouldbeunder(59)atmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountainsastheatmosphericpressurethereislowerthaninthevalley,waterboilsattemperaturesdistinctlybelow100C.Theevaporated,non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumn(60)producesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentratedbrine(61)downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair."Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater(62).Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivable,"saysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor______(63)systemcomponents-airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation-andtheresearchscientistshaveMready(64)theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurther(65)theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility.51.A.roadB.channelC.wayD.path52.A.inspiteofB.becauseofC.asaresultofD.suchas53.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which54.A.meanwhileB.thereforeC.howeverD.still55.A.prospectB.processC.progressD.product56.A.fromB.atC.aboveD.into57.A.keepsB.bringsC.breaksD.heats58.A.attractedB.affectedC.allowedD.absorbed59.A.normalB.differentC.easyD.available60.A.continuouslyB.suddenlyC.typicallyD.seriously61.A.takesB.putsC.fliesD.runs62.A.usersB.designersC.ownerD.workers63.A.bothB.everyC.sameD.either

5364.A.repairedB.cancelledC.testedD.copied65.A.instrumentB.stepC.caseD.groundὃᫀ1ᑖ⌱⚗1.Ay᪆ᡃ¢£¤¥¦§Ḅ¨©ª«¬ᡃ+஺putupwilh®A.tolerate¯°±᝞Theschoolcannottoleratecheatingonexams.²᪥´µ1¤ὃX¶·¸¹஺B.generateº»஺C.reduce¼½¾¿>±᝞Theyhavetoreduceexpensesthisyear.ÀÁÂÃÄÅƼÇÈ஺D.measureWÉÊË>±᝞Wecannotmeasureamanbyhisfailures.ᡃÁ¢£ᜫÍᩭ⊝É|Ð஺2.Dy᪆ÑÒÓ¶ὅ2Õ§ὁÐḄ×ØÙÚᨵÛÜ஺immenseÝᜧḄÞßḄ;A.equaláâḄ,ᵨµbeequalto>B.immediateåᓽḄçḄ>±᝞Hedemanded'immediatepayment.À⌕\åᓽèé஺C.moderate〉ëḄAâḄ>±᝞Itisalargehouse,butthegardenisofmoderatesize.ª9|ìᜧí-î9ïðᓾòᨵ|óḄᜧ¿஺D.greatÝᜧḄôᔠ⚪±᝞Heachievedgreatsuccessinhiscareer.ÀḄö÷ø+ÝᜧḄᡂù஺3.By᪆À2úBᨵUᡂ²÷Ḅû°üýþ஺vagueÿḄḄB.unclear᝞Itwasstillunclearwhatthecauseoftheaircrashwas.Ḅ஺A.brightḄ,ᐝḄ;᝞Weenjoyedthebrightsunshine.ᡃ!"Ḅ□ᐝ஺C.general$%Ḅ,ᜧ'Ḅ(᝞thegeneraltrendofdevelopment)*Ḅᜧ+,஺D.bad-.Ḅ/Ḅ(Youhavetocorrectyourbadhabitsradically.01234ᙢᦋ789Ḅ/:;஺4.D<=᪆?ᡃ@AᡃḄBCDEFGḄᦟI஺decentJGḄ'☢Ḅ(LMḄᵨOᨵ:decentincomeR.TḄᦈᐭ;decentmealW᪵ḄY;decentcloth'☢ḄZ[;D.good஺A.specialᱯ]Ḅ;Thisisaspecialoccasion.^_$`ᱯaḄbᔠ0B.ptovatedeḄ,◚dḄ(᝞FansarealwaysCUriousaboutthesinger'sprivatelifeghijgkoḄdelmnᐶp஺C.generalqrḄ(᝞thegeneralpublicqsᜧt஺5.B<=᪆?▽vḄwxjὁzeᱯ]ᓻ◅஺hazardB.danger⊤~ᓻ◅ḄA.pictureᱏ0Howdoyoulikehispicture?0Ḅᔩ?C.evidence(᝞Thereisnoevidencethattherewillbeanearthquakethere.ᨵ⊤`ᙢ)lᙢ◫஺D.case;᝞Isthatthecase?_^᪵Ḅᔩ?6.D<=᪆?ᡃḄ᣸,-஺turmoil(D.confusion,᝞Theconferenceendedinconfusion.ᙠ஺A.doubtᝰᶧᶧ;᝞Idoubthiscompetencetodothework.ᡃᝰᶧ_ᔲᨵ¤¥¦§¨©஺B.relief

54ª◀ᦗ(᝞refieffundfortheearthquakeinYushudistrict᳝᪛ᙢḄᙢ◫ᦗ°஺7.C<=᪆?Patricial±Ḅ²ḼᐸḄ᝕B஺resentment៬឴(᝞:Heshowsnoresent.menttoanyone.ឌ឴¹ºe஺C.anger៬᝼(ᨬ½ᔠ⚪஺᝞Icannotcontrolmyanger.ᡃ¿OÀᑴ89Ḅ៬᝼஺A.love᰿(᝞:Loveconquersall.᰿¤ᡊÄ$ᑗ஺B.surpriseÆ᜻(᝞Whatapleasantsurprise!MÆḄÈᕀ!D.doubtᝰᶧ(᝞Thereisnodoubtthatwewillbesuccessful.Ë¿ᶧÌᡃᡂÎ஺8.A<=᪆?0ḄÏÐᜩÒÓ◤⌕20ᑖ×ᐙÙḄÚ஺vigorousÛ¥ᐙÙḄA.en.crgetic⊤~ᨵm¥ḄÛ¥ᐙÙḄ(᝞Heisanenergeticman.Everydayheworksuntilmidnight._`Û¥ÜÝḄe,ÐᜩÞ¨©ᑮàá஺B.free8ᵫḄ஺C.physi.cal'¥Ḅ,ã'Ḅ(᝞todophysicalexerciseäåã'஺D.regularæçḄ7èḄ(᝞Hehasnoregularwork.ᨵ7èḄ¨©஺9.C<=᪆?ᡃé`êë-ᨵíᝯḄ⁚ᨵpḄjð஺B.originalñḄòḄ(᝞HecanreadShakespeareintheoriginal.¤óôõö÷©øḄᦻ஺A.boringúᕡḄ¿üḄ(C.humorousýþḄÿḄ᝞Indeedhehasasolemnface,butheisveryhumorousatheart.ḄᨵᔍḄῊ,ᑁᓾ஺D.longḄ஺10.A᪆ᦈ"#$ᢗ&'()*+,஺spur-.'$/C.encourage0spur2345'67'6/᝞NewmeasureshavebeentakentoencourageconsumptioninChina.89:;<=Ḅ>?ᩭ#$AB஺A.attractᔾD;᝞Hisfilmhasattractedalargeaudience,ḄᵯGᔾD<HḄIJ஺B.spendKB;᝞:Shespentthewholemonthtopreparefortheexamination.᝛ᵨOᨴḄQRSᜓὃV஺D.require⌕X᝞Thisistheminimumquantitywerequire.YZᡃ\ᡠ⌕XḄᨬ_ᦪa஺11.B᪆ᙠcᑖeᑁfg᎔<ᡃḄIi஺demolishjk'g᎔B.disprovelgmdemolish23ᨬno஺᝞Itisnearlyimpossibletodisprovearumor.⌕pqrsZtuvḄ஺A.supportwᢝ'ᢄᢝ^01willalwayssupportyouwhateveryoudo.tz{|}~'ᡃwᢝ{஺C.disputez'ᝰᶧ᝞:Wedisputedwitheachotheronvariousissues.ᡃ\ᔜ⚪4z஺D.acceptn஺12.D᪆<ᙠᔠḄᑜ஺mergeᔠ'D.combineᔠ'ὶᔠ'0merge23no᝞tocombinetheorywithpracticeᳮzὶ▭A.close¡¢'ᐵ¤᝞tocloseanaccountᐵ¤O¥¦§ᡝ஺B.sellᓬ'ª«0c.breakᡭẚ'ᢚ¯;᝞Theoldmanbrokeatoothonabone.Yὁ±²³ᜮµ⚩ᱛᢚ¯<஺13.A᪆᝛Ḅ᱄¹Zº>¢»¼½☟Ḅ±஺graceful-ᐺ¼Ḅ'ᨵÀÁḄA.politeᨵÀÁḄ,ᦻ¼Ḅ,0graceful23no;᝞Heisalwayspolitetopeople.ÄZűᨵÀÁ஺B.usualÆÇḄ᝞Thechildwenttoschoolasusual.YÈÉÊËÇ᪵ÍÎÏ<஺C.badÐÑḄ'ÒḄ᝞abadideaÒÓ2஺D.similar4ÔḄ,ÕÔḄ᝞TheprojectinAll,cahassimilargoals.ᙠÖ×ḄᑜᨵÕÔḄØḄ஺

5514.A᪆YO⚗Ø◤⌕10ḄÛÜÝẆ஺diligentßàḄ'ßáḄA.hardwork.ingÛÜḄ'âãḄ'mdiligent234o᝞HisSuccessdependonhishardworkingandpa.tience.Ḅᡂåᐰ☠ḄèßmὊ஺B.socialêḄ᝞goodsocialorderëìḄêíî஺C.basicïðḄ,ïẠḄ᝞MybosscanspeaksomebasicEnglish.ᡃḄὁòvóôïẠõö஺D.scientific÷ÎḄ;᝞:scientificdevelopment÷Îøù஺15.B᪆úᐵûᙠᩩýូÿḄ
஺appalling᝿Ḅ◫ḄB.terrible᝿Ḅᨬ⚪஺A.necessary⌕ḄḄ᝞Westilllackthenecessaryinformation.ᡃ⌕Ḅ஺C.criticalᓻ◅Ḅ᰿ᢧᒆḄ᝞HeisverycriticalaboutfOOd.$%&ᱥᱯ)ᢧᒆ஺D.normal*+Ḅ᝞Itisnormaltofeellonelysometimes.Ꮤ./012345*+Ḅ஺@2Aᑖ▅DᑨF16.AGH᪆JK⚪LMḄ4*NḄᦻP@QRSTᑮ"ofpowerbeameddownfromsOlar-powersatellitesbeginningin2016”VWX□Z[\/]ᵨ_`ᵯbcXdefZgᐝi஺17.CGH᪆JᦻPjᨵlᑮmn☢ḄᦻPᙠ@QRSTᑮ200mqᦪs4ᐵu“IhePacificGasandElectricCompanybuy200megawattwᐚyofpowerbeameddownfromsolarpowersatellitesbeginningin2016"c2016z{X|}ᜩᯠᵯ200ᐚyḄcX□ZᵯḄ[\e〈ᩭḄᵯ஺18.BGH᪆JK⚪LMḄ4┯Ḅ஺ᦻPᙠ@RTᑮ”ᙠᙢᳫḄX□ZᵯZᙠᜩ_Ḅ᎛ᦈ□ᐝ஺”19.BGH᪆JK⚪LMḄ4┯Ḅ஺cᦻP@R"Butspace-basedsolarpowermustgrapplew¡¢withthehighcostperkilogramoflaunchingthingsintospace”£ᙠXdḄX□Z¤ᔆ¡Ḅ¦⚪4ᔣXdef¨Q©Ḅᱥª«⌕¬M᧊¯°ᓽᡂKḄ¦⚪஺20.AGH᪆JK⚪LMḄ4*NḄcᦻP@³R"Apatentthecompanyhaswondescribeswaystoreducethesystem'sweight”ᡃ´⍝m¶ḄQ⚗¸ᑭVWº»¼½¾¿ÀgḄÁÂnÃ஺21.BGH᪆JK⚪LMḄ4┯Ḅ஺cᦻPᨬÄQR"itisnotexpectingtocrowdoutotherformsOfrenewableenergy”ᡃ´⍝ÅwcXdSÆ1ḄX□Z¢ÇÈ/ᢴᣵᐸ$ÌÍḄÎÏZÐ஺22.CGH᪆JᦻPjᨵlᑮmn☢Ḅ஺ᦻPÑ⌕ÒÓÔÕÖᐸ4×ØᩭVÇjᨵTᑮᐸ$Õ¶ḄÙÚ஺ÛὃÝᦻ

56×ᑭßàáØᢇãdäX□Zᵯ]ᵨcXd᯿æḄZÐçèéêëᙠìíºîï×ᑭßàáØçèðñòḄÌÍᢇãº஺ñòóôc2016z{X|}ᜩᯠᵯ200ᐚyḄcX□ZᵯḄ[\e〈ᩭḄᵯ஺£m⚗ᢈö⌕÷ø]ᵨᨵQùᢧᡊ◤⌕¡஺eMmQüýḄSolaren*ᙠüþQ⚩
஺⚩
ᵨᵯ〈ᑮᙢᳫḄᦈ஺ᙠᦈ□•"#Ḅᔾ%&'ᜐᙠ)*+,-ᙠᙢᳫ./0⍝ᦈ□ᐝ345ᨬ7Ḅ89஺:;<ᯠ>.Ḅ+?ᙠᙢᳫḄ□ᵯ@AᙠBᜩDEḄF᎛ᦈ□ᐝ஺HᙠḄ□IᔆKLMNOPḄQ⚪+SᔣUVWḄᱥYZ⌕\]^᧊`a஺ᓺcdefghᜧjklm᪥oḄRicharciScllwartzpS"᝞st⌕pḄ+uV"#vwxyz{|?v}~ᙢᳫ?+Vᩩ⁎Ḅ⍝஺"SolarenḄPḄwᳮCalBoermanp"V
Fὃ⇋ᑮUᡂ஺pS"ᡃ⍝ᡃKL#]V:>.Ḅ?ᨵ☩Ḅ"஺"ḄV⚗ᑭp¡¢;£¤¥Ḅ¦§8l?ᒹ©ᵨ{ᐙ«Ḅ¬ᔣ□ᵯ@®¯ᯖ?᪵ᑭᵨ²7Ḅ□ᵯ@®³{´ᦈᑮµḄ஺Hᵨ¬¶·ᩭ¢ᐸQ⚪?ᒹ©■»□ᵯ@®¼½?Sclawartz¾]஺"tKLᜐᳮ¿½ᦣḄQ⚪?ÁÂt¦¯ᙠVᙢ8஺"p஺ᢥ᯿ÅḄᑭÆÇÈ.SolarenḄ□ᵯ@®ÊËᑮᦣ½®ᐸÌᢝÎᓾ஺ÐÑBoermanpÒÓ*ᑴ⌼Ö×ᙠØḄ□ᵯᔆ?H*Ù>ᢴᣵᐸÜ9Ḅ{ÝÞ஺ßᑭàáâfḄlã´äᐸfḄlã⌕åᙠæᩭçèéßê{ÝÞḄᑭᵨ஺ᢣ]S”¢íîï◤⌕?ᡃ◤⌕ᵨᔜ§{ÝÞ஺”c3ᑖSᭆ©ᜧ:ôᡂõ23.Aö÷᪆ù⚪ὃúḄ+êᡠüᩞᧇᜧ:ÿḄ஺ḄᜩᯠᵨᜩᯠḄᔜᵨ⌶஺24.D᪆⚪ὃḄᡠ"ᩞᧇᜧ&'Ḅ஺Ḅᜩᯠ(ᨵ*+ᨬ-ᐰ/ᨬ01Ḅ஺25.F᪆⚪ὃḄᡠ"ᩞᧇᜧ&'Ḅ஺Ḅ2345ᜩᯠḄ67஺26.B᪆⚪ὃḄᡠ"ᩞᧇᜧ&'Ḅ஺Ḅ89:ᜩᯠḄ;

5727.B᪆⚪ὃḄ▊@ᦻBḄ'CD&E⁚ḄG஺HIJKḄJKLM"Naturalgasisproducecifromreservoirsdeepbeneaththeearth'ssurface."28.F᪆⚪ὃḄ▊@ᦻBḄ'CD&E⁚ḄG஺HIJNḄJOLM"Infact,naturalgasisthemosteconomicalsourceforhomeenergyneeds,costingone-thirdasmuchaselectricity."29.E᪆⚪ὃḄ▊@ᦻBḄ'CD&E⁚ḄG஺HIJNḄJPLM'TnadditiontoHeatingJaomes,muchofthegasuseciintheUnitedStatesisHse(lasarawmaterialtomanufactureawidevatietyofproducts,frompaint,tofi!3ersforclothing,toplasticsforhealthcaare,computingandfllmishings."30.C᪆⚪ὃḄ▊@ᦻBḄ'CD&E⁚ḄG஺HIJOḄᨬQKLM”TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy'sREnergyInformationAdministrationforecaststhatnaturalgasdemandwillgrowbymorethan50஺percentby2025."SὃTᦻᜩᯠᜩᯠUVᙠᙢᳫ⊤☢\]^_`abᱥdᧇ^ᵫfVᙠᙢᳫ::ghijḄᨵkᱥlᡂ஺_Ḅ'⌕ᡂᑖᵬq஺rs50ti^uḼw⍝yẠ{|Ḅ}{~ᑭஹᙢ〈ᑮ89ᔜᙢḄஹᖪ'/ᵨᡝ^ᜩᯠḄ/ᑭᵨ஺᝞ᐰ250ᨵᜩᯠ^¡¢ᜩᯠᡂ£23¤ᵨdᧇ/¥ᵨdᧇḄ✌⌱஺ᨵ¨r6500hḄ23¤©¥ᵨᜩᯠ஺CD:^ᜩᯠᨬḄ¤©*+◤«^ᐸ5ᵨᵯḄ®ᑖ¯K஺◀G¤©±ᨨ᜜^ᙠ23^ᜩᯠ´ᵨµ¶·ஹ¸¹ºஹ»Ꮙᵨᛛᧇᑴ¿ஹÀÁ{ᜓ/¤ᐹÄtÅ¿ḄÆᩞᧇ^ᐸᵨᙠÇtÈḄÉᵯᔆ஺ᜩᯠ(ᨵ*+ᨬ-ᐰ/ᨬ01Ḅ஺_ËÌḄÍÎÏaᐸÐbᱥdᧇ஺ᜩᯠdÑÒ'⌕ÅlNÓᓄÕ/Ö×Ø--&ÚÛᔾÅlḄᱥÝÞß஺&ᐸÐbᱥdᧇÞà^ᜩᯠdÑÒËÌᑮáḄNÓᓄÕᨬâ^ãä_ᨬå1Ḅbᱥdᧇ஺234589ᜩᯠæÅçḄ®ᑖ¯K^89:ᨬᜧḄᜩᯠ45ᙢ஺23*+èḄ*+éêëìè⚜Àᑮ2025i^ᜩᯠḄ◤«~î¨r50%oᙢ⊤\☢;<ᨵᜧçḄᜩᯠ஺ᙠïðñஹòóஹᓅó/õᙢ^ᜩᯠḄ;<çᨬᜧ஺rsḄ40ti஺23◀Gö÷lÅøᓄ᜜^´ùúøᓄ஺(ᙠùúøᓄḄ3¤'⌕ᨵûஹü3ஹý3/òþᱛ஺
4ᑖ▅ᳮ

58
31.A᪆⚪⁚ὃ⚪஺⚪᪷Ḅ஺!ᦻ"ᨬ%Ḅ᪀ᡂ()ᜩḄᨵᡠ-(.Ḅ/⌕ᱥᳮ234567ᓫ஺”⌱⚗A"/⌕ᱥᳮ234567ᓫ"⌱⚗B"ᙠᐸ>?@ḄAABC"D⌱⚗C”EFG130HI"D⌱⚗D”J)ᜩKLḄ᪀ᡂMNOP”஺QRST⌱A஺32.D᪆⚪⁚ὃ⚪஺⚪UVWᨬᐜYḄᵯᾯ\]^_`aᡃcdef!ᦻ“2ᙠhᨬᐜYḄᵯᾯ\]^_ijkl>ᨬ%ḄAmnoḄᨬpḄqᱏ஺"⌱⚗A”130HIᜧᰦu᝞wxoḄ"D⌱⚗B”yᨩ{|᝞w}ᡂḄ"D⌱⚗C"ᙠᜧᰦu~J᝞w}ᡂḄ"D⌱⚗D”ᙠᜧᰦu~ᨬ%ḄAm᝞w}ᡂḄ”஺QRST⌱D஺33.Q᪆⚪⁚ὃ⚪஺!ᦻ”V{ᨵ{4Ḅyᨩ{|,\]ᨬᙠ>?ὀḄᜩḄ}ᡂ஺"⌱⚗A”Ḅyᨩ{|”D⌱⚗B”J”D⌱⚗C“!ឤA”D⌱⚗D””஺QRST⌱C஺34.A᪆⚪⁚ὃ⚪஺⚪U᪷
᝞ᐵG!AmḄ-?!ᦻ
>kᑮBஹCஹDḄᑁ.kᑮAḄOᐵᑁ{!ᦻ"aftertheBigBang",ᙠᜧᰦu~஺QRST⌱A஺⌱⚗A”ᙠᜧᰦu>ᡂᜧឤA"D⌱⚗B"ᡂAmḄ"D⌱⚗C"ᙠ}ᡂᜧA{T¡ᔠᡂ£ᐗ¥"D⌱⚗D”Sᨵ¦□¨ᑖᜧ"஺35.B᪆⚪⁚ὃ⚪஺⚪U᪷ᨬ~--᝞-R\]ªḄḄ?!ᦻᨬ~«R⚗ªḄḄk¬AஹCஹD⌱⚗ᡠᑁ.BS®.¯Ḅ஺ᡠjST⌱Bo⌱⚗A”B°Ḅᨬ%ḄAmḄ±J²ឋ”D⌱⚗B”\]Ḅ}ᡂ"D⌱⚗C”´\]µ¶·ᵨG᪶º·Ḅ%▤"D⌱⚗D"x2!Am}ᡂḄ¼O"஺½ὃ¾ᦻ>ᨬ%ḄAm᝞wnoḄf°Iᩭᨬ%ḄAm᝞wᵫÁJᡂḄU⚪ÂÃ᡾ḼÆcᯠ.ÈÉc2ᙠhᨬᐜYḄᵯᾯ\]^_ijkl>ᨬ%ḄAm᝞wnoḄᨬpḄqᱏ஺ᨬ%Ḅ᪀ᡂ()ᜩḄᨵᡠ-(.ÊḄ/⌕ᱥᳮ234567ᓫ஺Naoki'YoshidaËÌ(ÍᙠÎJÏÐḄ(ÑÒ᦮ᔠḄᔜhÕÖV{ᨵ{4"Ḅyᨩ{|”\]ᨬᙠ>?ὀḄᜩḄ}ᡂ஺VẆØḄµ¶Ù!ឤA->ᜧḄ!FAmḄ▤}ᡂḄpḄÚÛÊᨵ"ḄÜÝÞßồ”ḄẆØÆᕒḄᵯᾯ\]^_YâẆØAḄ}ᡂᝈäåẠ஺>ᨬ%ḄAm᝞w}ᡂḄU⚪¯ç£⌕QècḄ}ᡂ¬ᨬḄᰦ

59ué~ḄAḄ}ᡂklhê஺᪷ẆØÆᕒḄ\]^_£ëÙᱥìஹ¬ᜧᰦu~}ᡂḄíîḄ"yᨩᱥì”ḄïðḄñòᓄnoôõö.}ᡂAmḄ÷}-øᨵ¦□¨ᑖᜧḄ!ឤA஺\]^_ᡃcùúᡂAmḄ᝞wᙠ7ᓫḄᱥᳮ«ᵨûᓄ}ᡂ!ឤA஺YoshidaËÌḄ\]^_üùú!ឤAiTýᙠᜧᰦuþþµÿ
ᓄᡂᔠᡂᐗḄᜧḄḄᔠᡂ஺ᜧᜩᦻᦟᣴ!"#⚗%&Ḅᔠ'ὅLarsHemquist)ᑮ+"-ᡂḄ./01234!5067᝞9-ᡂḄ:;ᨬ=>ᡃ@ABCD0ᳫḄFG஺HḼJᩭJL34MḄᔜOᐗPQᐙSTḄ-ᡂ0UVWX;#YᐗZ[ᑮ34ḄP\ᜐ஺ᡠ_``ᡃ@aḄᡠᨵᐗᨬcd-ᡂefghMiḄ᪶kl஺"134m5nឤpCḄqrsᕡḼᔣvwnx-ᡂyz0⚜|34MᨬcḄ}Ḅ~0ឋ~Ḅ᪗ᐵḄ஺⌕PḄ0qr◤⌕PḄᵯᾯPLḄᱥᳮᦪPḄẆ¡Ẇὅ¢£ᨬ=;#¤qr¥¦lᵨe᪶klc5-"©¤ªᱥ~«ᡂ¬Ḅ}Ḅ!᎛஺¯°⃬²³´ᜧᜩᦻµᳮᦟᣴ¶·ᐵ¸ᦻḄ'ὅVolkerBromm¹+"Yoshidaº»¼½ᵨ#¤qr¾¿À1nx-ᡂḄẆÁᑮ¤ÂḄÃÄ¡#Åᡃ@ᨬ=Ḅ᪗ÆfÇ஺#ÈÉᙠ᥅ᜩᜧÌḄᙢÎÏ஺ᡃ@ÐÑWXᙠ#⚞7ḄẆ,ÔÕᨬcḄnឤ᝞9ÖÖ×ᜧØᨬ=ᡂÙ⚩ᜧḄ஺¡ÛᙠᱥᳮÛÜJᩭJÝᩖTᡃ@Æ◤⌕PLḄßG஺"èé¶36.QÕ᪆ëì⚪î⁚ὃñ⚪஺òóôõöÛḄn÷ᙠᦻøḄèùúᑮ஺nᦻ+"¡1991ûᱯýᨨḄûÿḄḄ☄ᩭ஺"⌱⚗A"ᙠ"⌱⚗B"!ᙠ"#”⌱⚗C”ᓄḄ&'☄ᩭ"⌱⚗D"()ᙠ*#+”஺,-⌱Co37.B./᪆12⚪4▅6ᳮ/-8ὃ:⚪஺;⚪4<-=>?@AḄ4BCD⚗E⌱⚗B”ᨵG-HIᜮKL+"⌱⚗D”MNOPQRSH“⌱⚗A”UVWXᩔZ"⌱⚗c”[\]^”஺;ᦻ4”`☢bC◀dᜮKᨵL᜜fghij)”kl@A஺G-HIᜮKL஺mᫀ4B஺38.B./᪆12⚪4o⁚ὃ:⚪஺;⚪4

604B஺39.B./᪆12⚪4o⁚ὃ:⚪஺;⚪4ᡊW|▣ªḄ}ᐷöᙠÃ▬èúûᨵ}ᐷXÁd஺*}ᝣ᝕üý4ú20ᙠð÷Ḅ᱄᱄Ḅ⍡*ÿᨵᑮ஺Ḅᨵ1000஺ᵨ"#ᦪ%ᢈ'()*៉,-.ᨵᜧ05300஺1ᜧ023ᙠ5ᐗ73300839ᙠ:;Ḅ☘=ᘤ?#஺@A1ᨵᙠBCDᡭF?G3H᜜JKL஺ᯠJᨬOḄPQ%ᓾSTUᨵVW஺XYḄxᐝ⊤\1Ḅ]ῴ_`ᨵabᜮde_fᨵaghiᓾjkᑁmnopᜫ⊈஺stuvw1xyaozJ{|ᾯ~Ḅoz஺\1ᨵᡊ஺ᨵ|ᜧYᡊḄmᑖᡈὅ1pᧅ1-|஺Ẇ1Ḅ⊟ᑭᐹ.*៉,-39Ḅ?#Ḅ(ᑁ஺ᡃᨵ⍝1xLḄ¡i|1¢ᡃ£¤¥¦a§?#Ḅ¨⌕ª«஺¬®41.B¯¥᪆±⚪|³⁚ὃ⚪•V⚪|·¸¹º»¼½¾¿p⊈ÀÁÂᨵÃ஺Vᦻ|·"º»¼ÆÇᨵÈÉÊËÌḄᱥÎÏо¿ḄᏉÒÓÔÕ⊈ÀÁÂ஺”⌱⚗

61A”uÚÛÜÝpÞ¼”ß⌱⚗B“ÇᨵÈÉàÊËÌḄᱥÎ"ß⌱⚗C”ᙠ-ᑁáâᑁᖹä”ß⌱⚗D”@ᑮåæçᓛ᪍᪵Ḅëо¿Ḅìᵨ"஺Wíf⌱B஺42.B¯¥᪆±⚪|³⁚ὃ⚪஺V⚪|·¬î츹ïᐭ:;Óñòóô@ᩭ?Vᦻ|·”15448a÷øùú#⊤ûüýþÿᱛ
ᑭ〈ᱥ஺"⌱⚗A”ᧇ"⌱⚗B"ᱥ”⌱⚗C""⌱⚗D"”஺!⌱B஺43.D"#᪆%&⚪()⁚ὃ,⚪஺-⚪(./0(JamesBaker1JohnHanan2Ḅᨵᐵ678Ḅ0஺-ᦻ("1765:;JamesBaker1andJOhnHananᙠ=
>?@AB678C;D678EF@GH஺“⌱⚗B”D678JᐭLM“⌱⚗C”N678OPᐭQ"⌱⚗D"NRGHS!ᔛᑮ678”⌱⚗A”Nᑴ⌼@A•ᙽZᕡ\1Ḅ678”஺!⌱D஺44.B"#᪆%&⚪()⁚ὃ,⚪஺-⚪(᪷^ᦻ_ᡠa;᝞cdBef(ghiḄj-ᦻ(”ẆlὅNnopᯠ678rᡃNᨵtᜐ;vwxyzᵨ|}gw~P᝘஺”⌱⚗A”678ᨵHᑮḄᱥ"⌱⚗B”ᔛPQḄ678rᨵᑭ"⌱⚗c"Ꮤᔛ678rᨵ"⌱⚗D”678ᐰᡂᓟḄHNᡠ᰿”஺!⌱B஺45.C"#᪆%&⚪(▅ᳮ#!8ὃ,⚪஺-⚪(ὅrᔛ678Ḅ(᪵Ḅ?⌱⚗A"¡Ḅ"⌱⚗B"ᔲ£Ḅ"⌱⚗C"¤£Ḅ"⌱⚗D”¥¦Ḅ”஺§⚪¨1ᦻ©ªᑁ¬;®¯ᦻ_e°ᔛ678Ḅtᜐ;pᯠᙠ±☢³´ᔛ678Ḅµ¶0⚗vg·¸ὅ¤£Ḅ;!⌱C஺¹ὃºᦻ»¼½Ḅ"¾¿ÀÁ"678ÂNḄtÃÄ:^PÆᜧ¼ḄẆlὅÈÉÊᐰᡂᓟH᰿Ḅ678rᏉÌÍᨵtᜐ;678©ᔠᨵÏÐÑÒḄᱥ;Ó!ÔÕÖ×ḄᏉÌØÙÚ⊈ÜÝÞ஺ẆlὅNßÀÁàáâãᓛ᪍᪵;àᙠᑁæçᑁᖹé®êᓄ¼ᱥìᨵᦔî#ïð1ñ8;òᑮó஺ᙠᜧôõᐗ÷1500:;øùᙠúûü1©ᐵMḄᝍ᫥7H✌
ᙠ☡ᵨ஺1544!"#$⊤&'()*ᱛ,-.ᑭ01〈345678ᱥ஺:;<ᙠ)*ᱛ=ℍ⃔ᱛ@ABᩭ)*ᱛᨬEᙠ4FḄᧇIJ஺ᑮLMNOPQ
7FᡠST஺1765JamesBaker=JohnHarianᙠU,
VW!XYZ6[\XYZ]^30_஺1896`aḄDanielPeterbcᙠXYZᑴ6efNJg᝘ḄijklcWᙽg᝘XYZ஺

62opXYZqrsᩭstFuv஺XYZḄᨬᜧxy,z{,஺|IḄ0_}~ᵱ᝕zj⌕ᔛ9ḄXYZ஺▭XYZz⚔Ḅ᠚{,zᐰLXYZᨬḄ,஺ẆὅFᯠXYZᡃFᨵᜐ¢£¤¥¦ᵨ§}£¨Jg᝘஺W5©ᑖ«⊡ᐰᦻ46.E¯°᪆²Hesaidtlmtt'tlisexpressionoffeelingisuniversaland«recognizablebyanyonefromanyculture.4³´µ¶Ḅ⊤·0¸¹ᙠºᙠ»¼=»¼ᦻᓄN¾ᑮ஺¿ᑡÁÂ⊤¶§thisÃzᢣºḄµ¶Ḅ⊤·஺47.C¯°᪆ResearchhasalsobeendonetOfindoutwhichareasofbrainreaclltheemotion-alexpressions.FÅẆºÆÇÈᜧᾯḄÊ!ËÌÍÎ⊤¶஺¤⚪ὃÑÒᦻÓḄÔÕᐵ×´ØÙᦻÚᜮᾯ▅ÍḄᑁÞoÔÕßzᾭáâḄ஺48.D¯°᪆²TheydecidedthatitwasamentalstatethatCOUldbeprecededby"Ifeel"or"helooks"or"shesounds".4Fã䶵zåᳮç᝱éº"ᡃër""4ã7""᝛íBᩭ"
ᜮ´Øᦻ⌕äÕ“¶µ"=Ùᦻ"ᢥ᯿´äñò”áôᔠ஺49.F¯°᪆²Anyothermethodofshowingallthe412emotionsSUChaswordswouldJaavebeenfarlesseffective.⌕ö÷412⊤¶ᐸ4»¼Ḅñùúûᨵüᨵᦔ஺ᦻþÿᩭᳮᵫ஺50.B᪆1Theseparticularmusclesaredimculttocontrol,an
lfeWpeoplecandoit.ᱯḄᾙᑴᦪᑮ஺!"#☢%ᑮ☢&ᾙḄᑴ'(⌱B஺*ὃ,ᦻᡃ/0Ḅ1023456ᮞ189:1;<ᔩ?0?@ABC⊤EFGḄHIJKLMḄ஺NOPPᔳ஺ᓽSJᨬAUVḄWGFX?ᑖZ஺ᕜ\ḄMindlReading]ᜮᾯ▅abcd?efgZhd?ḄFiḄDVD஺dbᘤklᙢngᡃo412d9pḄ⊤FqJr&?eGsZᑁ1uvḄ?wxᐺ஺z{Z⊤FᑜᑖḄ}~B{Eᦻ1872᱐ḄvᱥḄFG⊤E஺Ḅ⊤FᑜᑖAdZ-៬᝼ஹអஹஹូஹ56஺⊤gdGFḄ⊤Eᙠ?eᙠᦻᓄ¢ᑮ஺ᐸ9pḄG2¤@AᩭB{EᦻḄᑖZ஺¥¦ᩖḄFG⊤Eᡈ©Jªᜩ¬3Ḅ'(ᙠ9pḄᦻᓄᐹᨵBCḄᱯ⁐஺W°Ḽᝰᶧᡈ៬᝼᝱µḄ¶·¸¹Ḅº»JL¼½⌴¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅḄ᝕Ç᝛ḄGsḄ஺ÉJÊᙠËᩭÌÍÎÏÐ9ÑḄÒÓᦻᓄḄÔ▲ÉÖEᦻᡠØḄZFG¥ÙḄ☢&⊤FJAZᡠᐳÛḄ஺oẆÝeÞßÊᜧᾯḄáWâãaä⊤F஺ᜮᾯ▅aJdåæḄw2⊤FḄçè஺

63!⚗êᵫᒃ᫑ᜧíBîïẆÝ1ḄᦟᣴsimonBaron-Collen᪀P(1zBîïóὅᓽᙠ▅a⊤EFGH☢ᨵõḄö÷døùúᶭ஺ÉJ5qᨵÙ¥Aüýþfÿ᧕
Ḅᵨ⌶஺ஹᕒᾠ◤⌕ᑭᵨḄ⊤ὁ!ᵨ"ᦟᣴ%&'()*+,Ḅ-ᚪ஺Baron-Colaen/ḄẆ12✌ᐜ567“”/:5;<=ᳮ?᝱AB“ᡃDE"“/:G"“᝛IJᩭ"Lᜮ஺/ᵨNO5PQR1512ST7O5UᕈWX<%YZ[ᵫ/ᩭ]5^;<%ᓫ`Ḅa;b"cd஺ᨬfN%ᑡ⊤hiᑮ412⊤ᑖᡂ24dm“n᝿"ᑮ”pq"஺93?"஺ᡠ⌱D஺53.D᪆A⚪ὃDḄEFG▲IឋIKLMḄNOPᡠ⌱D஺54.D᪆stillQᯠ;A.meanwhileTU;B.tllereiareVC.bpweverᯠW᪷ᦻ!""'XYZᙠ3\☢+ᐰ^_PᓽXaᙠbᨵᵯd-ẠfgḄᙢQ!iᑮᵨ஺”ᡠ⌱D஺55.B᪆processkl;A.prospectmnC.progressopD.productqr஺᪷ᦻ!""'ᝅ)*Ḅsᳮ᝞஺"ᡠ⌱Bo56.D᪆A⚪ὃDḄEuKSUCkintoᔾᐭPᡠ⌱D஺

6457.D᪆ImatsyzA஺keeps{ᢝB஺brings}ᩭc.breaksᡭẚ஺᪷ᦻ!"”ᩭ^.1□3ᦈ5ᘤḄ3\
yzP'᪵
aᡠᔾᦈḄ
஺”ᡠ⌱D஺58.D᪆absorbedᔾᦈA.attractedᔾ;B.affecteted;c.allowedᐕPsᦻT⚪஺ᡠ⌱D஺59.A᪆normalḄB.differentTḄc.easyᓫḄD.available!YḄ஺᪷ᦻ!""ᙠ᛻PḄ⌕ᙠᜧḄ⌕஺"ᡠ⌱A஺60.A᪆conti.nuously¡ᙢB.suddenly¢ᯠᙢC.typicallyᐺ¤ᙢD.seri-ously¥¦ᙢ஺᪷ᦻ!""
§Ḅ¦dᢝ¨ᑴ⌼«᝱Pᡠ◤⌕®஺"ᡠ⌱A஺61.D᪆runss¯°P±'²E³´Ḅ¯µPrundownE¶Ḽ....³´A.takes¹c.fliesºB.puts»¼஺᪷ᦻ!""½¾¿ÀÁḄ
aÂḼᛞ«ᱥ>¾ᔣ³ÆᔾᦈḄ
஺”ᡠ⌱D஺62.A᪆usersᵨᡝXᵨὅA.owner_ÉPÊᨵὅB.designersfËÌD.workeÍ)É஺᪷ᦻ!""'ÎᳮÏ〉ᵨ.ᔜÒᔜ᪵Ḅ
ḄXᵨὅ஺”ᡠ⌱A஺63.A᪆bothÓÔὅÕÖ'²E×Ø
Ùᔾᦈᘤ7ÚÙÛÔÜÛᘤÝḄᵨᦔPᡠ⌱A஺64.c᪆testedßà;A.repairedáᳮB.cancelledâD.copiedãᑴ஺᪷ᦻ!"”äẆÉᕒçèᙠéêëíᑁßàï$ḄðñᵨḄᦔ஺"ᡠ⌱C஺65.B᪆steppòA.instrument)ᐹC.caseᫀõD.groundᙢ☢஺᪷ᦻ!""ᙠÎpḄẆöPẆöὅ$a%&÷Îᝅᵨ.øùḄfᜓ஺”ᡠ⌱B஺ûὃüᦻLýYᵨ
þÿḄᙢ☢ᱥḄᨵ஺ᓾᨵᑖ஺Ẇᕒ!"#%&'(Ḅᑖ)*+ᵨḄ-.஺/%012ᐰ4'56789:;<=Ḅ஺>?@ABᙠDḄEᙢFᙢ☢FḄGHIJ#/KḄLM஺ᓽOᙠ/᪵%QᨵRSஹUVஹᙢ⊤Ḅᙢ-ᜧYḄZ[\஺]᝞ᙠ⁐ᑡḄᑁbcEdefᙳhijk;64%-mn-ᨵ11.5oᓣḄ•rsẆᕒ!"#%&tḄ

65|}SiegfriedEgner~”ᡃ!Ḅ/ᝅ2ᐰ4᝞□7ᦈᘤᐝ6ᡭᵯḄ'5678஺/Oy-.ᙠ7Y-☢2ᐰ<=ᓽOᙠᨵᵯ4ẠḄᙢ-'ᑮᵨ஺”/ᝅḄᳮ᝞ᔾj¡-7¢ᔾᦈjḄ¡£¤-¥Ḽ%ᛞ¨©᪀«ᘤV¬ᙠᔾᦈᑖ஺ᔾᑮᙢ®¯°Ḅ%Q±²஺ᩭ<□7ᦈᘤḄ7Yt¡´/᪵¡Ztµ¶·¸ᡠᔾᦈḄ஺ᙠ±º᛻¤¼Ḅ½¾⌕ÀᙠÁᜧÂḄ⌕Ã஺/%ᦔÅ'ᙠÆÇ#ÈᑮᵫÆFḄᜧÂÀÆÊḄ⌕Ã9:Ḅ½¾JËÃ1()0᤬Ík஺/ÎÏ!#ḄஹÐ;¡ḄÑÒÓ¥Ḽ%ÔᐙÖÏ×ḄØ᠒᠒ᔣV஺ÛḄÜᢝÞᑴ⌼±¨᝱ᡠÐ◤⌕±ã஺äå5æÑÒḄ¡µ¥Ḽᛞ¨ᱥ5æᔣVçᔾᦈḄᑖ஺Egnerr~“/%ᳮé〉ᵨᔜìOᵨḄí஺ᓫïð'x᦮Qò✂ôõḄᔆᡂx'7஺"/ᝅ01ḄùQ᪀ú--×ᔾᦈᘤ±Ï×ûḄ᪵ûüäᑴ⌼ýᩭ஺Ẇᕒþüäᙠÿ
ᑁᵨḄᦔ஺ẆὅᑜᙠḄẆᝅᵨ!"Ḅ#ᜓ஺2009%&'()ὃᳮ,-A./⚪[1]112ᑖ456⌱⚗[2]122ᑖ:▅;ᑨ=[3]132ᑖ4ᭆ?ᜧABCᡂEF[4]142ᑖ4▅;ᳮG[5]152ᑖ4⊡ᐰJᦻ[6]162ᑖ4CLMN[7]OὃPᫀ112ᑖ456⌱⚗R11L15⚪ST⚪1ᑖSᐳ15ᑖV☢TXEFᙳᨵ1X5ᡈJ)ᑜᨵ\]S^_Tᜐᑜ]2ᑖab1XAcᨬ_efḄ⌱⚗஺1Whycan'tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?AeverlastingBlongCtemporaryDboring2Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.AshakenBdamagedCfallenDjumped3Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.AfaithfulBroyalCgenuineDsincere4Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

66AattractionBsimplicityCpowerDrigor5Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.AmistBfogCmysteryDsecret6Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation,AannoyedBtroubledCangeredDaroused7Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.AborrowedBpurchasedCrewrittenDcopied8TheemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearchAfastenedBencouragedCraisedDinitiated9WehaveamplemoneyfbrthejourneyAsomeBlittleCextraDenough10Thedoctor'spillsworkedmarvelsfbrme.ApatientsBmiraclesCillnessDrecovery11Mary'sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.AmonotonousBendlessCseriousDbitter12ItwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatmentAoldBunforgettableCfunnyDunfair13Youdidn'tadheretotheseprinciples.AfollowBorderCproveDhandle14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.AemptyBhairlessCbareDsmooth

6715Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.AexpressionsBwarningsCinstructionsDadvertisements2007%hᐰi&'᜜)k.ὃᔁ()Rᳮ,-A.V112ᑖ456⌱⚗R11-15⚪ST⚪1ᑖSᐳ15ᑖV☢TXEFᙳᨵ1X5ᡈJ)ᑜᨵm\]S^_Tᜐᑜ]2ᑖab1XAcᨬ_efḄ⌱⚗஺l.Thenewswillhorrifyeveryone.A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.excite2.Thearticlesketchedthemajoreventsofthedecade.A.describedB.offeredC.outlinedD.presented3.1won'ttoleratethatkindofbehavior.A.bearB.acceptC.admitD.take4.Theirstyleofplayingfootballisutterlydifferent.A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardlyD.totally5.Hersisterurgedhertoapplyforthejob.A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised6.Evensensiblemendoabsurdthings.A.unusualB.ridiculousC.specialD.typical7.Shebumpedinotherboyfriendintownthismorning.A.walkedB.cameC.fledD.ran8.Thissortofthingisboundtohappen.

68A.sureB.quickC.fastD.swift9.Attheageof30,Herseysuddenlybecameacelebrity.A.bossB.managerC.starD.dictator10.Hecannotdiscriminatebetweenagoodideaandabadone.A.judgeB.assessC.distinguishD.recognize11.TheyareconcernedforthefateoftheforestandtheIndianswhodwellinit.A.liveB.sleepC.hideD.gather12.Theindexisthegovernment'schiefgaugeoffutureeconomicactivity.A.methodB.measureC.wayD.manner13.Thearchitectureisharmoniousandnobuildingisoversix-storeyhigh.A.old-fashionedB.traditionalC.conventionalD.balanced14.Thefoodisinadequatefortenpeople.A.demandedB.qualifiedC.insufficientD.required15.Sheperseveredinherideasdespiteobviousobjectionsraisedbyfriends.A.persistedB.insistedC.resistedD.suggested122ᑖ4▅;ᑨ=R116n22⚪S1⚪1ᑖSᐳ7ᑖV☢ḄJᦻoᑡ7XEFS^᪷rJᦻḄᑁstTXEFuᑨ=4᝞wExyḄz{a|}S^⌱~A᝞wExyḄz┯|}S^⌱~B᝞wEḄ|}ᦻᨵxS^⌱~C.WhenWeAreAsleepEveryonedreams,butsomepeopleneverrecalltheirdreams,ordosoveryrarely.Otherpeoplealwayswakeupwithvividrecollections
UVoftheirdreams,thoughtheyforgetthemveryquickly.Inanaveragenightofeighthours'sleep,anaverageadultwilldreamforaroundonehundredminutes,probablyhavingthreetofivedreams,eachlastingfromtentothirtyminutes.Scientistscandetectwhensomeoneishavingadreambyusinganinstrumentwhich

69measurestheelectricalwavesinthebrain.Duringdreaming,thesewavesmovemorequickly.Breathingandpulseratealsoincrease,andtherearerapideyemovementsunderthelids,justasthoughthedreamerwerereallylookingatmovingobjects.ThesesignsofdreaminghavebeendetectedinallmammalsRᱥVstudied,includingdogs,monkeys,cats,andelephants,andalsosomebirdsandreptilesRᱥV.ThisperiodofsleepiscalledthenD"stateforaround50%oftheirsleeptheperiodreducestoaround25%bytheageof10.Dreamstaketheformofstories,buttheymaybestrangeandwithincidentsnotconnected,whichmakelittlesense.Dreamsareseldomwithoutpeopleinthemandtheyareusuallyaboutpeopleweknow.Oneestimatesaysthattwo-thirdsofthe"cast"ofourdreamdramasarefriendsandrelations.Visionseemsanessentialpartofdreams,exceptforpeopleblindfrombirth.Soundandtoucharesensesalsooftenaroused,butsmellandtastearenotfrequentlyinvolved.In''normal'1dreams,thedreamermaybetakingpart,orbeonlyanobserver.Butheorshecannotcontrolwhathappensinthedream.However,thedreamerdoeshavecontroloveronetypeofdream.Thistypeofdreamiscalleda"lucid"R⏨ḄVdream.Noteveryoneisaluciddreamer.Somepeopleareoccasionalluciddreamers.Otherscandreamlucidlymoreorlessallthetime.Inaluciddream,thedreamerknowsthatheisdreaming.16.Somepeopledreambutcannotremembertheirdreams.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.Inanaveragenight,malesdreamlongerthanfemales.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Whenwedream,thereislessmovementofelectricalwavesinourbrains.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Babiesdreamlessthanolderchildren.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Mostdreamsinvolvethepeopleweplayedwithwhenwewereyoung.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.Werarelysmellthingsindreams.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

7022.InaluciddreamwecanuseMorsecodetocommunicatewithothers.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned132ᑖ4ᭆ?ᜧABCᡂEFR123~30⚪ST⚪1ᑖSᐳ8ᑖV☢ḄJᦻoᨵ2⚗4R1123n26⚪⌕ᡠḄ6X⌱⚗_12n5T⌱~1Xᨬ᪗⚪R2127n30⚪⌕ᡠḄ6X⌱⚗_TXEFab1Xᨬ⌱⚗஺MemoryTest1"Iamgoingtogiveyoufivetechniquesthatwillenableyoutorememberanythingyouneedtoknowatschool/*promisedlecturerlanRobinsontoahundredschoolchildren.Heslappedhishanddownonthetable."WhenI'vefinishedintwohours'time,yourworkwillbefarmoreeffectiveandproductive.Anyonenotinterested,leavenow.”Theentireroomsatstill.2RobinsoncallshimselftheMindMagicianRV.Hespecializesindoingmagictricksthatlooktotallyimpossible,andthenherevealsthattheyinvolvenothingmoremysteriousthangoodold-fashionedtrickeryRVhavealwaysbeeninterestedintricksinvolvingmemory-beingabletoreeloffRVtheorderofcardsinapack,thatsortofthing,1'heexplains.3Robinsonwasalreadylecturingtoschoolsonhismagictechniqueswhenitstruckhimthatstudentsmightfindmemorytechniquesevenmorevaluable.MItwasn'tdifficultareatomoveinto,asthestuffsallthereinbooks."Sohesummarizedeverythingtomakeatwo-hourlectureaboutfivetechniques.4*'Youwanttolearnalistofahundredthings?Athousand?Noproblem,"saysRobinson.Thescandalisthateverychildisnottaughtthetechniquesfromthebeginningoftheirschoollife.Theschoolchildrenwhowerewatchinghimthoughtitwasbrilliant.nIwishI'dbeentoldthisearlier,ncommentedMark,afterRobinsonhadshownthemhowtoconstruct"mentaljourneys'1.5Essentially,youvisualizeRVawalkdownastreet,oratriproundaroom,andpickthepointswhereyouwillputthethingsyouwanttoremember-thelamppost,thefruitbowl.Thenineachlocationyouputavisualrepresentationofyourlist-phrasalverbs,historicaldates,whatever-makingthemasstrangeaspossible.Itisthatsimple,anditworks.6Thereactionofschoolshasbeenuniformlyenthusiastic."ThepupilsbenefitedenormouslyfromIan'spresentation/*saysDrJohnston,headoftheschoolwhereRobinsonwasspeaking."Ideallyweshouldrunaregularclassinmemorytechniquessopupilscanpickitupgradually."

7123.Paragraph224.Paragraph325.Paragraph426.Paragraph5AGoodresultsBAnancientskillCGainingattentionDMemorytricksEAlectureonmemorytechniquesFWaystoimprovememory27.Thememorytechniquesusedarenomorecomplexthantheold.28.Robinsontaughtchildrentouse"mentaljourneys1'toimprove.29.Robinsontoldthepupilsthatallthememorytechniquescouldbefoundin.3O.Theschoolchildrengotalotfromthemagician's.AbooksBlectureCtricksDfactsEmemoryFlist142ᑖ4▅;ᳮGR131~45⚪ST⚪3ᑖSᐳ45ᑖV☢ᨵ3¡JᦻST¡Jᦻoᨵ5⍝⚪஺^᪷rJᦻᑁsS_T⚪ab1Xᨬ⌱⚗஺1¡TryingtoFindaFartherOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinbterviewed,oneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith.Whyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationships?Doesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinlove?Orarewemakingitharderfbrourselves?Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn'texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.

72Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheory,findingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsago,yourchoiceofsoulmateR£¤¥Vwasconstrainedbygeography,socialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicit,manymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster
ᱝ§VSyousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint4thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree4goodlooks,impressivesalary,kindtograndmother,andrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn't,itisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon'tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcourse,thisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.31.Whatdoestherecentpollshow?A.Itisgettingmoredifficultforawomantofindherhusband.B.Itisgettingincreasinglydifficulttostartafamilyl.C.Itisgettingmoredifficultforamantofindhiswife.D.Itisgettingincreasinglydifficulttodevelopanintimaterelationshipwithyourspouse.32.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutacontemporarymarriedcouple?A.Thewifedoesn'thavetoraisethechildrenallbyherself.B.Thehusbanddoesn'thavetosupportthefamilyallbyhimself.C.Thewifeisnolongertheonlypersontomanagethehousehold.D.Theywillreceivealargesumofmoneyfromthegovernment.33.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaconstraintonone'schoiceofsoulmateintheolddays?A.Thehealthconditionofhisorhergrandmothe¨B.Thegeographicalenvironment.C.Thesocialconvention.D.Thefamilytradition.34.WhichofthefollowingisNOTexpectedofapartneraccordingtothispassage?

73A.Goodlooks.B.Animpressivecareer.C.Ahighsalary.D.Afinesenseofhumor.35.Theword"sustainn
paragraph2couldbebestreplacedbyA.“reduce©B.“shake”.C."maintain0.D."weaken".1ª¡AVerySlowRideThesurfaceoftheearthmayseemverystabletoyou.Butyoumightbeamazedifyouknewsomeofthethingsthataregoingonunderthatsurface.TheearthhasanoutershellofrigidpiecescalledtectonicplatesRᙢ¬᪀⌼¯ᙽV஺Theplatesincludebothoceanflooranddryland.Somehavewholecontinentsontopofthem.Thecontinentsontopoftheplatesarejustgoingalongforaslowride,movingonlyaboutfourinchesperyear.Buteventhissmallmovementcausesthreetypesofbiginteractions.Onetypeisoceanridges.Theseridgesdevelopinplaceswheretwoplatesaremovingawayfromeachother.Astheplatesseparate,hotmagmaR±²Vflowsuptofillthespace.NewcrustRᙢ¬Vbuildsupontheplateboundariesandcausesoceanridges.Theseridgesformlongmountainranges,whichonlyriseabovetheoceansurfaceinafewplaces.Anothertypeofreaction-trenches-occursbetweentwoplatesthataremovingtowardeachother.Astheplatesmeet,onebendsdownwardandplungesunderneaththeother.Thisformsdeepoceantrenches.TheMarianasTrenchoffGuaminthewesternPacificOceanhasadepthofmorethan36,000feet.Thisisthelowestpointontheoceanfloor.Iftheleadingedgesofthetwocollidingplatescarrycontinents,thenthelayersofrockintheoverridingplatecrumpleR³´Vandfold.AplatethatcarriedwhatisnowIndiacollidedwiththesouthernedgeoftheplatethatcarriedEuropeandmostofAsia.ThiscausedtheHimalayas,theworld'shighestmountains.ThethirdreactionistransformfaultsRµᣚ=·V஺Thesefaultsoccurwheretwoplatesthataretravelinginoppositedirectionsslidepasteachother.Severeearthquakescanoccur.TheSanAndreasFaultinCaliforniaisagoodexampleofthistypeofmovement.36.Theword"stable"
paragraph1meansA.naplaceforhorses".B.”calmandeasygoing".C."steadyorfirm".

74D.”acollectionofanimals',.37.Toexplaintheeffectoftrenches,thewritergivestheexampleofA.theseafloorintheAtlanticOcean.B.theHimalayanMountains.C.Europe.D.India.38.TheSanAndreasFaultisanexampleofA.asevereearthquake.B.aCaliforniarockformation.C.twoplatesmovingapart.D.twoplatesalidingpasteachother.39.Accordingtothepassage,theearthisA.alwayschanging.B.becomingsmaller.C.movingfaster.D.gettinghotter.4O.ThispassageismostlyaboutA.effectsofmovementsoftheearth'splates.B.differenttypesofcontinents.C.theMarianasTrench.D.transformfaults.1¸¡MobilePhones4AreTheyabouttoTransformOurLives?Welovethemsomuchthatsomeofussleepwiththemunderthepillow,yetweareincreasinglyconcernedthatwecannotescapetheirelectronicreach.Weusethemtoconveyourmostintimatesecrets,yetweworrythattheyareathreattoourprivacy.WerelyonthemmorethantheInternettocopewithmodernlife,yetmanyofusdon'tbelieveadvertisementssayingweneedmoreadvancedservices.Sweepingasidethedoubtsthatmanypeoplefeelaboutthebenefitsofnewthirdgenerationphonesandfearsoverthehealtheffectsofphonemasts
ᜩ]ºVSarecentreportclainsthatthelong-termeffectsofnewmobiletechnologieswillbeentirelypositivesolongasthepubliccanbeconvincedtomakeuseofthem.ResearchaboutusersofmobilephonesrevealsthatthemobilehasalreadymovedbeyondbeingamerepracticalcommunicationstooltobecomethebackboneR»¼Vofmodemsociallife,fromloveaffairstofriendshiptowork.Onefemaleteacher,32,toldtheresearchers4"Ilovemyphone.It!smyfriend."

75Thecloserelationshipbetweenuserandphoneismostpronouncedamongteenagers,thereportsays,whoregardtheirmobilesasanexpressionoftheiridentity.Thisispartlybecausemobilesareseenasbeingbeyondthecontrolofparents.Buttheresearcherssuggestthatanotherreasonmaybethatmobiles,especiallytaxtmessaging,areseenasawayofovercomingshyness."Textingisoftenusedforapologies,toexcuselatenessortocommunicateotherthingsthatmakeusuncomfortable,"thereportsays,Theimpactofphones,however,hasbeenlocalratherthanglobal,supportingexistingfriendshipsandnetworks,ratherthanopeninguserstoanewbroadercommunity.Eventhelanguageoftextinginoneareacanbeincomprehensibletoanybodyfromanotherarea.Amongthemostimportantbenefitsofusingmobilephones,thereportclaims,willbeavastlyimprovedmobileinfrastructure
½Ạ#¿,providinggainsthroughouttheeconomy,andtheprovisionofamoresophisticatedlocation-basedservicesforusers.Thereportcallsongovernmenttoputmoreeffortintothedeliveryofservicesbybobilephone,withsuggestionsincludingpublictransportandtrafficinformationanddoctors*textmessagestoremindpatientsofappointments.*'Ilovethatidea,"oneusersaidinaninterview."ItwouldmeanIwouldn'thavetowriteahundredmessagestomyself."Therearemanyotherpossibilities.AtarecenttradefairinSweden,amobilenavigationproductwaslaunched.Whentheuserentersadestination,arouteisautomaticallydownloadedtotheirmobileandpresentedbyvoice,picturesandmapsastheydrive.Infuture,thesedeviceswillalsobeabletoplanaroundcongestionRÀÁᛋÃVandroadworksinrealtime.Thirdgenerationphoneswillalsoallowforremotemonitoringofpatientsbydoctors.InBritainscientistsaredevelopingaasthmaRÄᗞmanagementsolution,usingmobilestodetectearlysignsofanattack.41.Whatdoesthewritersuggestinthefirstparagraphaboutourattitudestomobilephones?A.Wecan'tlivewithoutthem.B.Weareworriedaboutusingthemsomuch.C.Wehavecontradictoryfeelingsaboutthem.D.Weneedthemmorethananythingelsetodealwithmodemlife.42.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Modemsociallifereliessignificantlyontheuseofmobilephones.B.Mobilephonesmakeromanticcommunicationmoredifficult.C.Mobilephonesencouragepeopletomakefriends.D.Mobilephonesenablepeopleofdifferentcountriestotalkwithouttranslation.43.TeenagershaveacloserelationshipwiththeirmobilephonespartlybecausetheyA.usetextmessagesmorethananyothergroup.B.aremorelikelytobelatethanolderpeople.C.tendtofeeluncomfortableinmanysituations.D.takemobilephonesasanindicationofindependencefromtheirparents.

7644.ItissuggestedthatmobilephonesshouldbeusedtoA.givetheaddressofthenearesthospital.B.showbusandtraintimetables.C.arrangedeliveryofmails.D.curediseases.45.ThenavigationproductlaunchedinSwedenishelpfultodriversbecauseitcanA.suggestthebestroutetogettoaplace.B.downloadmapsofthearea.C.tellthemwhichroadsarecongested.D.showthemhowtoavoidroadworks.152ᑖ4⊡ᐰJᦻ(146n50⚪ST⚪2ᑖSᐳ10ᑖ)☢ḄJᦻᨵ5ᜐNÈSJᦻoᨵ6XEFSᐸ5XÊËJᦻS^᪷rJᦻᑁsÌᐸᑖÍÎÏÐᨵÑÒSÓឮÕᦻÖÐ×஺AmericanDreamsThereisacommonresponsetoAmericaamongforeignwriters4theUSisalandofextremeswherethebestofthingsarejustaseasilyfoundastheworst.Thisisacliche(▰5ÙÚ஺Inthelandofblackandwhite,peopleshouldnotbetoosurprisedtofindsomeofthebiggestgapsbetweentherichandthepoorintheworld.ButtheAmericanDreamoffersawayouttoeveryone.(46)Noclasssystemorgovernmentstandsintheway.Sadly,thisoldargumentisnolongertrue.OverthepastfewdecadestherehasbeenafundamentalshiftinthestructureoftheAmericaneconomy.Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorhaswidenedandwidened.(47)Overthepast25yearsthemedianUSfamilyincomehasgoneup18percent.Forthetop1percent,however,ithasgoneup200percent.Twenty-fiveyearsagothetopfifthofAmericanshadanaverageincome6.7timesthatofthebottomfifth.(48)Inequalitieshavegrownworseindifferentregions.InCalifornia,incomesfbrlowerclassfamilieshavefallenby4percentsince1969.(49)ThishasledtoaneconomyhugelyinfavorofasmallgroupofveryrichAmericans.Thewealthiest1percentofhouseholdsnowcontrolathirdofthenationalwealth.Therearenow37millionAmericanslivinginpoverty.At12.7percentofthepopulation,itisthehighestpercentageinthedevelopedworld.YetthetaxburdenonAmerica'srichisfalling,notgrowing.(50)Therewasaneconomictheoryholdingthattherichspendingmorewouldbenefiteveryoneasawhole.But

77clearlythattheoryhasnotworkedinreality.ANobodyispoorintheUS.BThetop0.01percentofhouseholdshasseenitstaxbitefallbyafull25percentagepointssince1980.CForupperclassfamiliestheyhaverisen41percent.DNowitis9.8times.EAsitdoesso,thepossibilitytocrossthatgapgetssmallerandsmaller.FAllonehastodoistoworkhardandclimbtheladdertowardsthetop.162ᑖ4CLMN(151~65⚪ST⚪1ᑖSᐳ15ᑖ)☢ḄJᦻᨵ15ᜐNÈS^᪷rJᦻᑁs_TᜐNÈab1Xᨬ⌱⚗஺RobotsMayAllowSurgeryinSpaceSmallrobotsdesignedbyUniversityofNebraskaresearchersmayallowdoctorsonEarthtohelpperformsurgeryonpatientsinspace.Thetiny,wheeledrobots,(51)areabout3inchestallandaswideasalipstickcase,canbeslippedintosmallincisions(ᑗ)andcomputer-controlledbysurgeonsindifferentlocations.SomerobotsareequippedC52)camerasandlightsandcansendimagesbacktosurgeonsandothershavesurgicaltoolsattachedthatcanbe(53)remotely.nWethinkthisisgoingto(54)opensurgery,“DrDmitryOleynikovsaidatanewsconference.Oleynikovisa(55)incomputer-assistedsurgeryattheUniversityofNebraskaMedicalCenterinOmaha.OfficialshopethatNASAwillteach(56)tousetherobotssoonenoughsothatsurgeriescouldonedaybeperformedinspace.Onearth,thesurgeonscouldcontroltherobotsthemselves(57)otherlocations.Forexample,therobotscouldenablesurgeonsinotherplacesto(58)oninjuredsoldiersonthefrontline.Researchersplantoseekfederalregulatory(59)earlynestyear.Testsonanimalshavebeensuccessful,andtestsonhumansinEnglandwillbeginverysoon.Thecamera-carryingrobotscanprovide(60)ofaffectedareasandtheoneswithsurgicaltoolswillbeabletomaneuver(ÜÝ)insidethebodyinwayssurgeons'handscan't.Theviewsfromthecamera-carryingrobotsare(61)thanthenakedeye,becausethey(62)backcolorimagesthataremagnified(Îᜧ)஺Becauseseveralrobotscanbeinsertedthroughoneincision,theycouldreducetheamountand(63)ofcutsneededforsurgery,whichwoulddecreaserecoverytime.Thisisparticularly(64)tothosepatientswhohavebeendebilitated(Þßà)bylongillness.Eventually,Oleynikovsaid,thetinyrobotsmayenablesurgeonstoworkwithoutever

78(65)theirhandsinpatients*bodies."That'sthegoal,*'Oleynikovsaid."It'sgettingeasierandeasier.Wecandoevenmorewiththesedevices.°51.A.sinceB.whenC.whichD.as52.A.byB.withC.inD.on53.A.controlledB.developedC.repairedD.provided54.A.performB.undergoC.followD.replace55.A.reporterB.specialistC.designerD.director56.A.astronautsB.nursesC.teachersD.trainers57.A.byB.ofC.fromD.through58.A.takeB.putC.liveD.work59.A.approvalB.questionsC.treatmentD.license60.A.answersB.servicesC.viewsD.insights6LA.weakerB.strongerC.poorerD.better62.A.sendB.produceC.changeD.create63.A.measureB.sizeC.powerD.pressure64.A.relevantB.trueC.helpfulD.interesting65.A.touchingB.pressingC.holdingD.placing2007%h&'᜜)k.ὃ᪗áPᫀ()-ᳮ,-Aᔁ(A.)1.B2.C3.A4.D5.A6.B7.D8.A9.C10.C11.A12.B13.D14.C15.A16.A17.C18.B19.B20.C21.A22.C23.D24.E25.A26.F27.C28.E29.A30.B31.B32.D33.A34.D35.C36.C37.B38.D39.A40.A41.C42.A43.D44.B45.A46.F47.E48.D49.C50.B51.C52.B53.A54.D55.B56.A57.C58.D59.A60.C61.D62.A63.B64.C65.D