2021届高三新题速递·化学考点14化学反应原理综合题（解析版）

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ᵯ᩽a(2).............
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6BoschCO(g)+2H2(g)C(s)+2H2O(g)ḄAW=[-484-(-394)IkJmor'-WkJmor1ᦑ>ᫀ@A-902(6)Bosch@f)ghᩩjklmᙠokpqrstoᩩjpuvwxyᦑzḄ{ᓄ|ᦑ>ᫀ@AzḄ{ᓄ|(7)~ᫀᫀAz3ᐗᐰᓄ@ᑭᵨ᳛@100%,ᦑ>ᫀ@Aᑭᵨ᳛@100%஺4.(2020.)CO2ᓄ(ᔠᡂᵬgCO2ᓄᐸ3⌕vkᑡAIACO(g)+H(g)CO(g)+HO(g)AH=41.2kJmor'222IIA2CO(g)+6H(g)CH,OCH(g)+3HO(g)2232ᙠឤ¡ஹCO?£H?Ḅ¤y¥ghḄᩩjkCC)2⊝ᓄ᳛£⊝¦CH3OCH3Ḅ⌱§ឋ©oªḄ«ᓄ2XCHQC&Ḅᱥ¯Ḅ¥᝞஺ᐸ3:CH3OCH3Ḅ⌱§ឋḄCO?Ḅᱥ¯Ḅ¥°80604020200240280320360oª±(1)FG:2CO(g)+4H2(g)CH3OCH3(g)+H2O(g)AH=-204.9kJmol'cᑣIIḄ.kJ-moF1IIḄ´vᩩj@A.oB.¡C.oD.¡(2)oªµ300C,CO2⊝ᓄ᳛©oªᓣ·¸ᓣḄ¹஺(3)220°C¦;ᙠᓄᑺ»ᵨkCO?H?'¼½+¾HCHQCH,Ḅ⌱§ឋÀ3AÁᦪÃ஺kᑡsÄÅḄoA.ᐸÆᩩj«ᜧ¡Çgh7⊝¦CH3OCH3Ḅ⌱§ឋB.ᐸÆᩩj«ᦋ«ᓄᑺCH3OCH3Ḅ⌱§ឋÉᦋ«C.ᐸÆᩩj«ᓣoªCO?Ḅᓄ᳛gh©ḼoªḄᓣ·

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t2óôÀᑮ⊝஺ᙠ2CõöTᘤᑁ÷ᔠ+LḄᙳÇÎᑖù23úcîOᓄḄ஺ூᫀ௃(1)-48.94:5<<

10(2)HO(g),CO22ூÿ᪆௃(1)CO(g)+3H(g)CH30H(g)+H20(g)஺22জ:H2(g)ஹCH3OH(1)ḄAHᑖ-285.8kJ/mol&-726.5kJ/mol)H2(g)+yO(g)=HO(1),H=-285.8kJ/mol22l3CH3OH(1)+yO(g)=CO(g)+2HO(1)AH=-726.5kJ/mol2222CH3OH(1)=CH3OH(g)AH3=+38kJ/mol)H2O(1)=H,O(g),H4=+44kJ/mol)ᑣCO2(g)+3H2(g)=CH3OH(g)+H2O(g)AH=,H|x3-AH+AH3+AH=-48.9kJ/mol,ᦑ4⚪6ᫀ8948.9)24ঝ᪷

11²³ḄᱥYḄZ¾Q°ᔠ²³ḄJᙳkµᑖ¶YZ¥ᜧQ¿I஺PÀᑮᓄÂJ⊝Q᝞ᐰÄᓄ¬&«,Jᙳkµᑖ¶YZ(44x1+28x0.5+18x2)/3.5=26.86,ÅÆÇ᡽ᜧ¿2VLÊËᢝÍÎQt2PÐÑÀᑮJ⊝,ூ¹Ó௃᪷<ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛᐸÝÞQᙠlNlRßQ³àTUVWᱥYḄZTUQᙠlÇl³àßQRSTUVWᱥYḄZTU஺Jᙳkµᑖ¶YZVW°ᔠᱥḄáYZ◀\°ᔠᱥḄáᱥYḄZ஺6.(2020•äåæçè@éê)CH&ᵨ«í²Ð᦮ᑴð|ñ¯ᑴðḄᵨòóQᒹḄpq8I.«í²Ð᦮8CH(g)+H2O(g)#CO(g)+3H(g),//=+206kJ«mol-'42lH.«᯼²Îᣚ8CO(g)+HO(g)^CO2(g)+H2(g)A”22û6ßᑡü⚪8(1)ÍlNjßpqÀᑮJ⊝PᔜᱥYḄᱥYḄZᑖᦪ᝞ᡠ஺N○77ÿজ
ᵨCH4Ḅ⊝ᓄ᳛Ḅ஺(ᑏ)

12a.ᓣb.!c.#ᵨᦔ%ᓄᑺd.(ᐭ*+Ḅ,-./ঝ᪷234ᑨ6ߟ0஺(“>”ஹ"V”ᡈ“=”)n(CO)2ঞT2࠷+EFᘤH=n(H)°2(2)ᵬKLM,N᦮ஹL᯼,QᣚSTḄ⊝UᦪḄWᯠYᦪInKp^_Ḅᐵa᝞3ᡠd஺জ⊤dᵬKLM,N᦮STḄfg஺(ᑏ“I”ᡈ"H”)஺ঝ3HQi+ESTCO2(g)+CH4(g)=2CO(g)+2H2(g)ḄlnKp=—஺(3)p_qEᔣឤ!tuFᘤHᐙᐭImolCHizlmolH2O(g),FᘤḄ|!}~latm,STᑮ⊝+,CO2Ḅ⊝ᑖ!p(CO?)=0.1atm,H?-ᑖ~60%,ᑣCH4Ḅᓄ᳛~E_qSTCO(g)+H2O(g)=CCh(g)+H2(g)Ḅ⊝UᦪKp=—஺27ூᫀ௃(l)a<17(2)II0(3)50%2ூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃(1)জSTIᔾEḼSTE,-ᑖᦪ(ᜧE2ᑖ᪆¡ᐵ¢ঝ᪷234E£⌕ᑖ᪆CChḄ_ḄᦋQE_¦§+CO2Ḅ⊝¨©¢ঞª«STᑖ¬2®¯°±²E³´ªµSTᔜᱥ¸Ḅ⊝ᱥ¸Ḅ¹±²¢(2)জSTI~LM,N᦮Eº»STᔾE_ᓣᨵᑭST¾ᔣ¢ঝᵫI-1I
ÁCO(g)+CH4(g)2co(g)+2HMg)ÃÄ°ÅÁ´⊝UᦪḄ¡Æᐵa³⚪¢2(3)ᓄ᳛~ÈÉxlOO%,᪷2ÃÄ°±²ᔜËᑖḄ⊝UᦪE¹ÌᐭᓄÍ⊝Uᦪ⊤°±²KpḄÎ஺ூÏ௃(1)জ᪷2STIᔾEоST,-ᑖᦪ(ᜧḄSTE2⚪:

13a.ᓣ
Ò#ST¾ᔣECHÓḄᓄ᳛EaÔᔠ⚪Ö;b.!Ò#ST⌮ᔣE¨©CH4Ḅᓄ᳛EbÙᔠ⚪Ö¢c.#ᵨᦔ%ᓄᑺÙÚᦋQ⊝ᓄ᳛EcÙᔠ⚪Ö¢d.(ᐭ*+Ḅ,-./
ÚÛÜÝÞßÙᐙᑖES਩CHÓḄᓄ᳛EdÙᔠ⚪Ö¢ᦑᫀ~a¢ঝᑖ᪆CO2Ḅ_ḄᦋQE_¦§+CO2Ḅ⊝¨©Eº»_ᓣÙᑭST¾ᔣEᡠâSTIIãEäH2V0,ᦑᫀ~V¢ঞᵫ3
åæçªèSTᱥ11éᔠEêë«Qᓄ~x,ëì«STQᓄ~y¢CH(g)+HO(g)CO(g)+3H(g)422îç(m஺/)1100LM,N᦮:Qᓄ(mo/)XXx3x⊝(஺/)1-X1-xx3xCO(g)+H2O(g)CO2(g)+H2(g)îç(mol)x1-x00L᯼,Qᣚ:Qᓄ(mol)yyyy⊝(mol)x-yl-x-yyyT࠷Hj,CO2Ḅᱥ¸ḄzCO¡òEᑣᵫx-y=y,Áy=-1-,ᡠâ⊝+H2Ḅᱥ¸Ḅ~3x+y=3.5x,2n(C0)9CO2Ḅᱥ¸Ḅ~y=0.5x,ᑣFᘤHE=ó,ᦑᫀ~17¢7n(.HJ2(2)জSTI~LM,N᦮Eäõö0,º»STᔾE_ᓣᨵᑭST¾ᔣE᪷234E⊤dᵬKLM,N᦮STḄfgn,ᦑᫀ~11¢ঝI.LM,N᦮CH(g)+HO(g)CO(g)+3H2(g)êᐸ⊝Uᦪ~K|,II.L᯼,QᣚCO(g)+HO(g)422CO2(g)+H2(g)êᐸ⊝Uᦪ~ùEᵫI-11
ÁCO2(g)+CH(g)2co(g)+2H2(g)ᡠâST⊝UᦪK=,4QiKúK2,ᡠâKKp=ln=lnl=O,ᦑᫀ~:0¢CH(g)+HO(g)CO(g)+3H(g)422îç(஺/)ii00(3)ᵫûüḄSTýþÿ/
ᓄ(mol)xxx3x⊝(஺/)1-x1-Xx3xCO(g)+HO(g)CO(g)+H(g)222(mol)X1-x00⊝!CH4ஹH2OஹCOஹH2ஹCO2Ḅᱥ&Ḅᓄ(mol)yyyy⊝(mol)x-yl-x-yyy

14ᑖ()*(l-x)mol,(l-x-y)mol,(x-y)moh(3x+y)mol,ymoL.ᘤḄ012)lalm,456ᑮ⊝!,H289:ᑖ;)60%,CO2Ḅ⊝ᑖ1p(CO)=0.1atm,ᑣᨵ/DEᑮ3x=5y,23x+y0.67Tߟ7——,K,--..==60%,DEᑮ1.8x+y=1.2,ὶNOPQ(DR/SE(3x+y)+y+(x-y)+(1-x-y)+(1-x)[1.8x+y=l.2x-0,5,ᑣCH4ḄTᓄ᳛)a(CH4)=4xiOO%=50%,⊝!p(CO)=4-xlatm=22atmp(HO)=2y=0.312x+y31-x-y0.2xlatm=--atm,p(CC>2))=0.1atm,p(Hi)=0.6atm,ᡠD45CO(g)+H2O(g)CC)2(g)+H2(g)Ḅ⊝Y2x4-2p(CO)p(H)1]0<622ᦪKp=p(C0*p(H2*)=\x^_ᦑaᫀ)*5஺cd஺7.(2020

15ZjSo#$ᙠ□᩽'ᵯḄ()⌕*HSO+□᩽,ᵯ-ḄpH/0—2□᩽Ḅᵯ᩽3405஺ூ7ᫀ௃(1)-746.5kJ/mol(2)ᓣIJK<(3)K2s2O8+2H2OH2O2+2KHSO40~22HsO2-2e—=SOU+2H+ூ᪆௃(1)COXYZḄAHi=-283.0kJ/mol,ᑣCO(g)+yO2(g)=CO(g)a-283.0kJ/mol,bc0জe2N2(g)+O(g)=2NO(g)A//2=+180.5kJ/mol,bc0ঝeᑣ2NO(g)+2CO(g)N?(g)+2CO2(g)i⊤k0জ'2-2ঝeAH=-283.0kJ/molx2-180.5kJ/mol=-746.5kJ/mol2(2)জBoḄp⊝r᝱ᦋu0CoḄp⊝r᝱eNO?Ḅp⊝vᓄ᳛yzep⊝ᔣ⌮ᔣ}~eᵫ34'ZeᓣIJKp⊝⌮ᔣ}~eᦑḄ0ᓣIJK2ঝᵫBஹDoᢗᧇeJKiᵨp⊝ᦪḄᜧzᩭe34NCh+SChSO3+NO0'Z34eJKIep⊝ᦪz஺᪷1i$eᙠBoen(NO2):n(SO)=l:l,NO2Ḅp⊝vᓄ᳛075%,b2NOSO2ḄKᙳ0co,᪷⚪£U2NOSO3+NO2+SO2¤¥coco00uᓄO.75coO.75coO.75coO.75cop⊝O.25coO.25coO.75coO.75co¦……C(S03)C(NO)0.75C஺X0.75C஺⊝©"B-C(NO)C(SO)~O.25cxO.25c~922ooᙠDoen(NO):n(SO2)=3:2,NO?Ḅp⊝vᓄ᳛040%,bNO?SO?ḄKᑖ03coஹ2co,᪷⚪2£UNO+soSO+NO223¤¥3co2co00uᓄ1.2c01.2c01.2c01.2c0p⊝l.8c()0.8c()1.2c஺1.2c()C(SO3)C(NO)1.2c0xl.2c0p⊝ᦪKD=--1C(NO2)C(SO2)1.8c0x0.8c0ᵫKB>KD,ᡠ¯TB

16vᓄ0So^,ᵯ᩽´02HSO-2e-=SO+2H+஺28.(2020.¸¹º»5I¼ᨴὃ)¿4ᵨᓄÀ34ÁᳮḄÃᐵ$ÄÅÆᑡÈ⚪U(1)#$NaClḄÉ´UNaCl(s)=Na+(aq)+Cr(aq)AH=+3.8kJ/molNa(s)—e=Na'(aq)AH=-240kJ/mol,yCh(g)+e=C1(aq)AH=-167kJ/mol,ᑏËÌᙠÍÎXYḄZᓄÀ´______஺(2)5ÐᩩÒÆeᙠ2LឤÔÕÖÔᘤᐙᐭL5molCO23m஺Ú2Û²34UCO(g)+3H2(g)#CHOH(g)23+HO(g),*34ÜCO2Ḅp⊝vᓄ᳛JKḄᐵÝÞ஺#$ᙠJK0500KḄᩩÒÆec342lOminßᑮp⊝2জc34*(á“ᔾZ”ᡈ“'Z”)34஺ঝᙠ஺=lOminæ34ç᳛v(H2)0oঞéᦋᐙᐭ2moicCh3mO1H2,ḄÝÞê(á“ë}”ᡈ“Æ}’>(3)᪷⊤ᦪí7È⚪U⊤125࠷K0O.lmol/LîḄpH-NaClONa2cO3PH9.711.6⊤225࠷î⏚Ḅᵯ(p⊝ᦪKaiKa2H2SO31.3x10-26.3x10-8H2CO34.2x10-75.6x10-11605()403()2()1004505()05506()()6507007508(M)B50JK/Kজ᪷⊤1ððᑨòËH2c03HQO⏚ឋôõö(á“ð''ᡈ"ð÷ঝ0.10mol

17ঞH2sChNaHCCh34Ḅ()´0஺(4)#$Ut࠷eKsp(AgCl)=1.5x10l0,Ksp(Ag2CrO4)=2.0xICT%AgCl0ú⁐üý,AgzCrCU05þ⁐üýet࠷eᔣC+CrOÿ
ᙳ0.1mol/LḄᔠ⌲ᐭAgNChᤅ஺ூᫀ௃(1)Na(s)+Cl(g)=NaCl(s)AH=-410.8kJ/mol2(2)!0.135molL'-min1#$(3)%c(Na')>c(SO)>c(OH)>c(HSC)3)>c(H+)H2SO3+HCO,=HSO+HO+COt322(4)ᐜ'ᡂ)⁐+,-ᩭ/ᡂẈ1⁐ூ2᪆௃(1)45:জNaClḄ2!3ḄkJ/mol(ᔾ!),NaCI(s)=Na1(aq)+Cl(aq)AH1=+3.8kJ/mol,ঝNa(s)—e=Na+(aq)AH=-240kJ/molঞgCb(g)+e=CI(aq)AH=-167kJ/mol,Naᙠ<=>?Ḅ@ABNa(s)23+yC12(g)=NaCl(s),CDEFᵫঝ+ঞKজMᑮ᪷PQRSTCDEḄᯚ/AH=AHZ+AH3-AHV-410.8kJ/molᦑᫀXNa(s)+Ch(g)=NaCl(s)AH=-410.8kJ/mol(2)জYḼ[
ᓣ]CO?^⊝`ᓄ᳛cd⊤f[
ᓣ]ᑭhDEiᔣklᡠnDE!DEoᦑᫀX!oঝ[
500Kp,CO2Ḅ^⊝`ᓄ᳛60%,CO2`ᓄḄ
ᑖrAc(CO2)='s"Ḅ=0.45mol/L,2L᪷Pᓄuvᦪxyzh{᳛xyF5y`ᓄḄ
c(H2)=3Ac(CO2)=1.35mol/L,ᡠnᐸᓄuDE{.Ac(H,)1.35mol/L,,᳛v(Fh)=---------------------------=0.135molc(SO-)>c(OH-)>c(HSO)>C(H),ᦑᫀXc(Na')>c(SO^')>c(OH*)>c(HSO)>c(H')33

18ঞ᪷Pᵯ¨ᦪ©⏚ᑴ⏚Ḅ«ᳮᑖ᪆H2s03Ḅ⏚ឋyH2c03Ḅ⏚ឋ³H2s03´NaHC03DE'ᡂCCh,ᡠnH2s஺3´NaHCCh¹'ḄDEḄ£@AB:HSO+HCOX=SOX+H2O+CO2To23Ksp(AgCl)15xlO10(5)¿ÀÁᡂAgClp◤⌕ḄAg.Ḅ
c(Ag+)=È4^-2—=121mol/L=1.5x109mol/L,Ôc(Cl)0.1ᳮFM¿ÀÁᡂAg2CrO4p◤⌕ḄAgKḄ
cÖAg'×='ZUmol/LM.5xl0^mol/L,ᯠᐜ'ᡂ+V0.1,AgCl,Ü'ᡂ+,AgCrO4,ᔣCÝCrOf
ᙳÖ×.lmol/LḄᔠ⌲ᐭAgNCh2ᤅXᐜ'ᡂ)⁐+,-ᩭ/ᡂẈ1⁐ᦑᫀXᐜ'ᡂ)⁐+,-ᩭ/ᡂẈ1⁐஺9.Ö2020•àᓭâ□]ääå×ᡚçèé■ëìíîïðñḄò⌕óôçè'VḄõ⌕«ᧇ÷øùᵫøù÷ᔠúᩭ஺øûῃýéøùþÿ
Ḅ⌕⌶஺ḄᓄC3H8g=C3H6g+H2g>0o!"ᑡ$⚪&1()*
Ḅ+,ᩭ.஺ᑴᜓ12ᡠᵨḄ1567("☢)*9:;<=Ḅ>oA.AᓄBC9B.EFG᮱I9C.J᯼9D.ᯖ᮱92104paஹi5paTᵫVWX15ῃZᑴ12[ᙠ]^_,"`ᑮb⊝[d=15ஹ12ḄᱥfḄXজlO4PaT15k12ḄᱥfḄXᑖᦪn_,oᓄᐵqḄrsᑖt>ஹV஺ঝ15ῃZᑴ12ᙠ—⌱“G_”ᡈ“{_”T|}~᧕஺ঞTᐙᐭVWXḄ15[Q_,"Ḅb⊝ᦪKP=—ᵨb⊝ᑖb⊝,[ᑖ=xᱥfḄXᑖᦪ஺3V15ῃZᑴ12)
;}ᓄῃZᑖ[02ᐭᑮῃZ:q;[᪵Ḅ¡ᜐ>4ᑭᵨC02Ḅ¤ᓄឋ[¦15ᓄῃZᑴ12Ḅ§)஺ᐸ©ᳮ᝞¬2ᡠ஺

19®¯&CO°C3H4ஹC3H6Ḅ±²³[ᑖt-283<0kJV஺ூ!ᫀ௃(DA(2)cbG_12500Pa(3)O2ÅH2ᡂH2O,ÇῃZb⊝ÈᔣÊË[ÌG15Íᓄ᳛Ï15ῃZᔾ[02ÅH2Ñ[ῃZÌÒX(4)CO2(g)+C3H(g)=CH6(g)+CO(g)+H2O(1)//=+!14.2kJ«mol1Ó°ÔᓄÓᡂVᓄÓ9:[83ῃÕ¸ᓄᑺூÖ᪆௃(DA.AᓄBC9>ECᔆᙠÀC¸ᓄÙÖÅÙÖTᡠ=ᑮḄÚ
Û[ᐸÜ⌕ᡂᑖ>15°Ý5[ᦑAÈßÏB.EFG᮱I9Ü⌕ᡂᑖ>COஹCO2ஹSChà[ᦑB┯â&C.J᯼9ḄÜ⌕ᡂᑖ>COஹH2,ᦑc┯âÏD.ᯖ᮱9Ü⌕>ãä᯼Ḅåæ
Ḅ[Ü⌕ᡂᑖ>COஹH2ஹCH&à[ᦑD┯âÏ!ᫀA(2)জ¬115ῃZç;15°12Ḅb⊝:»ᑖᦪÅ_,ஹèḄᐵq¬[ᵫéÈᔣᔾ[ᡠ7ᐸêᩩìí^TᓣG_,b⊝Èᔣ[15Ḅ:»ᑖᦪï{[12Ḅ:»ᑖᦪᓣG[ᡠ7rsaஹc15Ḅoᓄrs[rsbஹd12ḄoᓄrsÏ_,í^T[ᜧè[b⊝⌮ᔣ[ᓽèóᜧ[15Ḅ:»ᑖᦪóᜧ[12Ḅ:»ᑖᦪóô[ᡠ7b1x10õpaT12oᓄrs[dlxl05paT12oᓄrs[a1x105paT15oᓄrs[஺IxlO4PaT15oᓄrsÏঝ15ῃÈᔣ>:»ᜧḄᔾ[ᓽ³”>()ஹ³$>(),Ḅ:ᩩì³H-TAS

20p(CH)xp(H)2.5X104X2.5X104362p(C3H6)=p(H2)=2.5xl04pa,b⊝ᦪK=—~/
~-=----------=12500PaPP(C3H8)5x10(3)ῃᔾᡂ!ᓄ#ῃ$⊝&ᔣ()*+,ᓄ᳛./0#1ᘤᑁ45ᓣ+ῃ*78
(4)জᵫ;ᳮ=>?ᓄῃᑴAḄCO2(g)+C3H8(g)=C3H6(g)+CO(g)+H2Oপ-COCC3H8ஹC3H6ḄEFG஻ᑖJ-283<()kJpᨵᦔ!◀cᓄᑺ⊤☢Ḅtu஺10.(2020•xyz{+|}~)ᓝᜧᢣ:“ᢝᐰᐳஹᜮ■,ᢝᜧ■)ᡭᜩᡊ!”pNOxCE᯼¡Ḅ¢ᔠᳮ¤¥¦§⌕ḄẆª«⚪஺(1)®᣸0᯼EF°Ḅ±²³´µ§Ḅ¶᛻¸⚪஺᯼EF°Ḅ±¹ºḄᓄᱥᵨCH4cᓄ½¾NOx>p!◀ºᓄᱥḄ஺¿?!CH(g)+2NO(g)=N(g)+CO(g)+2HO(g)AH=-867kJ/mol422222NO(g)NO(g)AH=-56.9kJ/mol224HjO(g)=HO(1)AH=-44.0kJ/mol2ᑏCH4(g)+N2O4(g)=N2(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(1)AH=஺(2)ÁÂÃĹᨵNO*¡⌕pNO¡ÅᓄḄ¡⌕¾ᳮ
2NO(g)+2C0(g)2co2(g)+N(g)H=akJ/mol2cᓄᑺᙠ500c/ᔣÇÈ`ÉÄÊËᐭ5moiḄNOC5moiḄCOÊ/`ÉÄÍÎ/ÏḄᐵÉ᝞=ᡠÓ
38t/min*

21জ^ᑡÕÖ_×ØÙᑮ$⊝Û᝱Ḅ¤Aᓫß/Ïᑁ!ὑnmolḄNO./!ὑnmolḄNzB`ÉÄNOஹCOஹCO2ஹN2Ḅê5ëìCíᔠ`Ḅ$ᙳëïᑖðñ8òV஺D`ÉÄíᔠ`Ç5òVঝô4min/NOḄ,ᓄ᳛஺ঞôᙠ500࠷$⊝ùᦪKp=MPa-1,(Kpp$⊝ᑖÍ⊤ÓḄ$⊝ùᦪ
$⊝ᑖÍ=ÿxᱥḄᑖᦪᶇ2ᨵᦔᦪ)টᙠ8minᦋḄᩩᓣ"#$Kp'(ᑣa_0(/ᜧ1ஹ(1ᡈ41)ঠ᝞⌕8"9:;<Ḅᜐᳮᦔ᳛@AB(/CD)aᓣ"#$bFG#$HIJᓄᑺcNI᣸

22C.mbcḄbcᱥᙳ?ᦑ⌱bc.@1᣸BCḄDE,FGNOHCOḄIᓄ᳛ᦑc,⌱;$ᫀ⌱bK3ᙠLMᩩOPNH3ᐹᨵRSឋNOᐹᨵUᓄឋᑣNOHNH?VWUᓄRSWᡂYZN2,ᦑᐸḄᓄ\]^&4^H+6A^O=5N+6HO஺32211.
2020•abcdeefgCOZH2ḄhᔠBjklᔠᡂBmLno⌕ḄpqSᧇB஺pqsᑭᵨᜩᯠBKw⌕ᡂᑖCHQHYyzo᦮ᑴᜓᔠᡂB஺
1~&CH4ஹZCOḄ
4ᑖ-890.3kJ/molஹ-285.8kJ/molZ-283.0kJ/mol,1mol᝱Yᓄ>ḄFᓄ44.0kJ஺ᑣᵬHYBᙠᑴᔠᡂBḄᓄ\]^஺

23K2gᙠLMᔣj2LḄᘤᐙᐭ0.40molCHMggZ0.60molHOKgg,¨©CH4KggZHKgg22Ḅᱥ«Ḅ¬>?ᓄ᝞⊤ᡠ°&t/min01234CH/(mol/L)0.20.130.10.10.094H2/(mol/L)00.20.30.30.33জ»¼½L¾9⊝>Ḅ⊝¿ᦪK=஺ঝ3min>ᦋḄᩩOÃFmoK3g~ஹÄÅஹᢗᧇX[nKCH4g/nKH2஺g]ÊḄËÌ᝞Íᡠ°஺ঝÍ2ÎᩩÏÐᡠ°ḄÄÅḄᐵÒ&p\p2஺K4gÔᔠᡂBSᧇÃÔᑴᜓÕᵬÖ×nKH2g:nKCOg=3:lᢗᐭjÚMᘤVW&3coKgg+3H2Kgg=CH30cH3Kgg+CO2Kgg”õ᩽Ḅᵯ᩽^஺ঝî÷øùᨵ100.0mL3.0mo1/LKOHòᵯ>ðHḄUBᙠ᪗ûüýḄj6.72L,ᵯÿ
ᨵ⍎ᑣᵯᡠ
ᔜᵫᜧᑮḄᐵ஺ூ!ᫀ௃$1&CH4$g&+H2O$g&^CO$g&+3H$g&A//=+206.1kJ/mol2$2&0.135ᓣ>?ᡈAᜧB0C&ḄᡈDCOḄ$3&>>

24(4)AB(5)CH3OCH3-12e+16OH+=2COK+11HOc(K+)>c(HCO)>c(CO)>c(OH)>c(H+)2ூN᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃(1)᪷RSTUᑏUᓄXYZᑭᵨ]^_`abc(2)জefYZCHMg)+H2O(g)=CO(g)+3H2(g)᪷RhiZjᐭl⊝nᦪ⊤qZri“•bcঝ᪷R⊤
ᦪRvw3minzqᑮl⊝{᪷R4minzᔜ|ᑖ}ᓄ~ᑨᦋ}Ḅᩩc(3)জBn(CH4)/n(H2O)Cᜧl⊝zᵬḄᓄ᳛~>cঝ᪷Rl⊝ᔠᑖ᪆N!c(4)A.᪷RhZabḄᑖᦪcB.ᓣ>?l⊝⌮ᔣCOᑖᦪAᜧcC.ᓣ>?l⊝⌮ᔣḄ~}ᱥḄ~Aᜧ¡ᔠlᙳ᥅¤~DcD.ᓣ>?l⊝⌮ᔣef¦᳛Aᜧ§l⊝nᦪDK(5)জCH30cH3Sᧇᵯ©ª«z¬᩽®¯°ᓄefCH30cH3ᜫᵯ²°ᓄefcঝab°ḄᱥḄ~r³ab¯ᡂµ°ᓄḄᱥḄ~᪷Rn(KOH)¶n(CO»B¸ᐵᑨef¹ᱥ,r³ab
ᵯNᱥḄ~ᔠ»¼N¶ᵯ½ᑨூ¾N௃(1)¿wKজH2(g)+JO2(g)=HO(l)A/7=-285.8kJmol12ঝCO(g)+cO2(g)=CO2(g)A/7=-283.0kJmol1ঞCH4(g)+2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2OপAH=-890.3kJmoÅ,টH2O(g)=H2஺পÈH=-44.0kJ•molr,ᑭᵨ]^_`Êট+ঞ-@-3xজvKCH4(g)+HO(g)-CO(g)+3H(g)ÈH=(-44.0kJmol1)+(-890.3kJ-mol22')-(-283.0kJmol')-3x(-285.8kJmol')=+206.1kJ-molᑣᵬ¶Îᙠ>?ÐefᑴÒᔠᡂḄUᓄXYZCH4(g)+H2O(g)=CO(g)+3H2(g)A஻=+206.1kJ/moLᦑ!ᫀKCH4(g)+HO(g)#CO(g)+3H2(g)2AW=+206.1kJ/molcCH(g)+HO(g)co(g)+3H(g)422(2)জØÙ~(3/Ú')0.20.3}ᓄ~0.10.10.10.3l⊝~(ÛÜᔆ)0.10.20.10.3

25c(CO)-?(//J01x033ᡠÜß=-7^~-33ᦑ!ᫀK0.135c=0135c
CHjc(HQ)0.1x0.2ঝ3minzᦋ}Ḅefᩩ,efᔣáefYᔣrivâᓣ>?ᡈAᜧH0ḄᡈDCOḄ,2ᦑ!ᫀKᓣ>?ᡈAᜧHOḄᡈDCOḄ;2(3)জBn(CH4)/n(H2O)Cᜧl⊝zᵬḄᓄ᳛~>1
ḄäᩩåæᡠçḄᢗᧇBḄᐵKXi>X2»ᦑ!ᫀK>;ঝêefáefëAᜧḄefAᜧl⊝ᔣ⌮efYᔣl⊝zᵬḄ~Aᜧ2
äᩩåæᡠçḄḄᐵKP2஺ᦑ!ᫀK>c(4)ÜᔠᡂíᧇvÜᑴᜓµᵬïÊn(H2):n(CO)=3:lᢗᐭñ_òóôᘤ
®¯efK3co(g)+34(g)CH30cH3(g)+C02(g)A,ö÷13}ᓄ3x3xXXl⊝l-3x3-3xXX3-3ú3A.%ᑖᦪ=------ù+--------Bᑖᦪ}ᦑAáû;1—3x+3-3x+x+x4B.ᓣ>?l⊝⌮ᔣCOᑖᦪAᜧᦑBáûcC.ᓣ>?l⊝⌮ᔣḄ~}ᱥḄ~Aᜧ¡ᔠlᙳ᥅¤~DᦑC┯þ;D.ᓣ>?l⊝⌮ᔣef¦᳛Aᜧ§l⊝nᦪDᦑD┯þ;ᦑ!ᫀKABc(5)জᵯzµᵬïᙠÿឋᩩᜫᵯᓄ᩽Ḅᵯ᩽CH.QCH3-12e+l60H=2CO#+11H9஺ᦑ'ᫀ#CH30cH3T2e+16OH=2CO+11H2஺+A791ঝ-.Ḅ/ᙠ᪗234566.72L,ᱥ;Ḅ<~h=0.3mol,᪷BᵯCDEឤGHQX4ᡂLᓄMN^--------x2=0.2mol,/;(KOH)=0.1Lx3.0mol-L-l=0.3mol,//(KOH)#/?(CO2)=0.3mol#0.2mol=3#122,W2co2+3KOH=K2cO3+KHCO3+H2O,XYZM⏚᪷\]M⏚^᪷Ḅ\]ᜧ`ᵯaXYᕈcឋᦑc(OH)>c(H),M⏚᪷Ḅ\]efᜧ`M⏚^᪷ᦑC(HCC>3)>C(CO2),gahfᨬᜧ\]3efjᜧM⏚᪷hfkᜧ`^᪷alᵯmeZnᨵ/5⍎qᑣlᵯstuᡠwXYZᔜahfᵫᜧᑮ{Ḅᐵ}c(K+)>c(HCO+)>c(CO>)>c(OH-)>c(H+)«ᦑ'ᫀ:c(K+)>c(HCO+)>c(CO#)>c(OH3>c(H+)oூ௃

26⚪ᔠឋᜧᓄeᑏஹᓄ⊝ஹᓄ⊝Ḅஹᓄ⊝ஹᵯஹᓄஹahf¡ẠH£.¤¥Ḅᔠὃ§]⚪ᐵ¨#©ªᓄ⊝Ḅ«ஹᦪBḄᑖ᪆¯(2)⊝°ᦪḄ᧕┯(4)A/56ᑖᦪḄᙳ⌕ᑡq·¸¹ºᑖ᪆஺12.(2020.»¼½¾¿·NÀ)ᵬ⏣NÃÄ⌕ḄᓄÅᧇᙠÇZᨵḼÄ⌕Ḅᵨ஺(1)ÊH#©CHjOH(l)+3/2O(g)=CO(g)+2HO(g)AH=-638.5kJmor1222ঝCO(g)+l/2Ch(g)=CO2(g)ÓH=-283.0kJmol1ঞH2(XD=H2O(g)ÓH=+44.0kJ-moF1ᑣCH30Hপ+02(g)=CO(g)+2H2OপḄÓH=kJ-moK1஺(2)ÅØÙᑭᵨᔠᡂ/(Û⌕ᡂᑖCOஹCO2ÜH2)ᙠÝᓄᑺḄßᵨᔠᡂᵬ⏣ḄÛ⌕᝞#I.CO(g)+2H2(g)=CH30H(g)AHiII.CO(g)+3H2(g)=CH30H(g)+HO(g)AH<0222III.C02(g)+H(g)^CO(g)+HO(g)AH>0223জÊHᓣ¿æf1Ḅ⊝°ᦪKç{ᑣèḄAMߟ0(ë“ு”ᡈ“ீ”)ঝnòóᑡôõZ¤ö÷èøᑮ⊝3᝱ḄN஺a.ᓫüýþᑁὑImolCChḄᡂ3moiHbb.c(C02)C(CH0H)=113c.ឤ!ឤ"#$ᔠ&'Ḅ()*ᢝ,-d./0ឤ"#Ḅ1⊝3ᦪ,5-ᓄঞ89':#;ᔠᡂ&Ḅ<ᡂn(H2)/n(CO+CO2)=2.50#':COḄ1⊝Bᓄ᳛(a)E!)FGHḄᐵ:᝞KᡠM஺ᑣKGHᵫᜧᑮSḄTUVW#a(CO)XY!)ᓣ[\]SḄ^_`W஺50051052053054055077K(3)ᵨᵬ⏣ஹhiᓄjklᙠWnᩩpqᔠᡂj⏚hᵬs(CH3OCOOCH3,uvDMC),ᐸḄᓄz{|V2cH30H(g)+C02(g)=CH30coOCH3(g)+H2O(g)஺ᙠ'~V2LḄ("ᘤᢗᐭ4moicH30HF2moicChᔠᡂDMC,WnᩩpqCChḄ1⊝Bᓄ᳛(a)E!)ஹGHḄ-ᓄᐵ:᝞KᡠM஺ᑣ

27a(CO)2জAḄ1⊝3ᦪK=(mol-L-')-',ঝAஹBஹCḄ᳛v(A)ஹv(B)ஹv(C)ᵫᑮ᠒ḄTUV஺(4)ᑏlKOHVᵯ#ᵬ⏣ᧇᵯḄ᩽|—oூᫀ௃(1)-443.5kJmol1(2)P>Piᓣ[!)#1`0#1⊝ᔣ⌮{ᔣ#¡¢1⊝':32COḄ£¤ᜧ¥W`ᔾ0#!)ᓣ[#1⊝ᔣ§{ᔣ#¨¡1⊝':COḄ£¤ᜧ#©ª«#Y!)ᓣ[COḄBᓄ᳛]S(3)0.5v(C)>v(B)>v(A)CHOH-6e+8OH=CO32-+6HO32ூ᪆௃(1)᪷®¯°n±#জ-ঝ"2xঞk¢CHOH(l)+O2(g)=CO(g)+2H2O(l),_³Ḅ´H=[(-638.5kJmol3-|)-(-283.5kJmoFI)-2x44kJmor']=-443.5kJmor1,ᦑᫀV-443.5kJmori¥(2)জ¶·ᓣ[!)#1Ḅ1⊝3ᦪK]S#ᑣ`0#ḄḄ´4<0,ᦑᫀV<;ঝa.hiᓄjFº&»`ᱥ#ᐸᓄz½£ᦪ¾¿`1:3,ᓫÁÂᑁᡂ3moiº&ḄὑImolhiᓄjÄÅὑ3moiº&#ᓽº&Ḅᡂ᳛Fὑ᳛ÇÈ#klÉÊËᑮ1⊝Ì᝱#ᦑa§Î¥b.c(CCh):c(CH30H)=l1,ÏÐÉÊÑWÒhὅḄÔ)¿#,ÐÉÊËᑮ1⊝Ì᝱#ᦑb┯Ö¥c.ឤ!ឤ"#$ᔠ&'Ḅ'~,-#ᱥஹᡂᱥ»`&'#᪷®£×ឤ#$ᔠ&'Ḅ£,-#$ᔠ&'Ḅ()=$ᔠ&'Ḅ£+$ᔠ&'Ḅ'~#_³$ᔠ&'Ḅ()ØÙ*ᢝ,-#_³,ÐÉÊËᑮ1⊝Ì᝱#ᦑc┯Ö¥d./0ឤ"#YḼÛÜ#':Ḅ!),ÝÞ-ᓄßᑮ1⊝#Ḅ1⊝3ᦪE!)ᨵᐵ#Ḅ1⊝3ᦪ,5-ᓄ#ÄÅÉÊ':!),-#ÉÊËᑮ1⊝Ì᝱#ᦑd§Î¥ᦑᫀVad¥ঞÇ!)q#IIIáâ&'ᑖäᦪ,-#GHᦋ-,æçᐸ1⊝#I§V&'ᑖäᦪ]

28SḄ#¤ᜧGH#ᨵᑭé1⊝ᔣ§{ᔣ#coḄBᓄ᳛¤ᜧ#ᦑGH¤ᜧᨵᑭécoḄBᓄ᳛ᓣ[#ᦑGHP3>P>P1¥ᵫKk·#GHWn#Y!)Ḅᓣ[#COḄBᓄ᳛]S#I§`20#ᓣ[!)#1⊝ᔣ⌮{ᔣ#1⊝':COḄ£¤ᜧ#IH`ᔾ0#!)ᓣ[#1⊝ᔣ§{ᔣ#¨¡1⊝':COḄ£¤ᜧ#©ª«#Y!)ᓣ[coḄBᓄ᳛]S,ᦑᫀVP3>P2>P1¥ᓣ[!)#1`0#1⊝ᔣ⌮{ᔣ#¡¢1⊝':COḄ£¤ᜧ¥in`ᔾ0#!)ᓣ[#1⊝ᔣ§{ᔣ#¨¡1⊝':coḄ£¤ᜧ#©ª«#Y!)ᓣ[coḄBᓄ᳛]S;(3)জAḄBᓄ᳛V50%,ᑡï|:2cH30H(g)fCO(g)CHOCOOCH(g)IHO(g)2332ñØ(moi/L):200-ᓄ10.50.50.51⊝(nwl/L)10.50.50.5c(CH3OCOOCH3)c(H2O)0.5x0.5ᑣAḄ1⊝3ᦪVK==0.5,c2(CH3OH)c(CO2)12x0.5ᦑᫀV0.5¥ঝ!)ò[#GHòᜧ#᳛ò¥V&'ᑖäᦪ]SḄ#GHòᜧBᓄ᳛ò[#ᦑP2>P”AஹBõ!)Ç#C!)ᨬ[#ᦑv(C)>v(B)>v(A),ᦑᫀVv(C)>v(B)>v(A)¥(4)ᵬ⏣øḄᓄz{|V2cH30Hপ+3Ch(g)=2CO?(g)+4H?O(g),ᵬ⏣ᧇᵯ᩽Þiᓄ#ᵯVûឋ#_³ᐸ᩽|VCHOH-6e+8OH=CO32+6HO,32ᦑᫀCHOH-6e+8OH-=CO32-+6HO«3213.(2020,ᓭ⊝□ᨴὃ)ᵬ⏣%&'()ᧇ+ᵬ᱃)ᧇᵯ.ᓽ012345ᔣ78ᓄ:;஺78=>?CO@HAᧇᔠᡂᵬ⏣஺2DEFḄHᓄIJKLCO(g)+2H(g)=CHOH(g)N“L116kJ/mol23(1)WXCO(g)+^-O(g)=CO(g)A//2=-283kJ/mol22H2(g)+[O2(g)=H2O(g)&Hy=-242kJ/molᑣ⊤_1mol`᝱ᵬ⏣bᐰ)d:ᡂCO2@ef`gḄHᓄIJKL஺(2)hᑡjkᨵᑭnoᜧDEFḄEFq᳛Ḅ%(stuvw)஺A.xg0CH30HyEFzᔠᱥᑖ}B.EFC.oᜧD.ᵨᦔᓄᑺ

29(3)ᙠ1LḄឤᘤ+ᑖẆᙠ230࠷ஹ250࠷@270࠷&hᔠᡂᵬ⏣Ḅ஺᝞%=&hḄm@COḄ¡¢ᡂ£(¡gCOḄᱥ¤Ḅ¥ᙳ1mol)yCO§⊝¨ᓄ᳛Ḅᐵ஺c的o平9»转化5率\%n(HJ/n(CO)ª«জᙠ=&+®Z°FḄ%[ঝᑭᵨa³°FḄᦪµ+¶·¸®Zᙠ°Fh+EFCO(g)+2H2(g)==CH30H(g)Ḅ§⊝¹ᦪK=c(4)ºᓄ»¼0½¾ºᓄᱥ¿A½¾ᓫ¤@Áºᓄ»஺Â&½¾ºᓄᱥ(CnChஹSnChஹPb02ஹCu0)2c(C0)ɺᓄ»¿Ag"gËyপḄᐵ᝞஺7஺஺࠷g+ᐸᨬÏÉ¿AḄ½¾ºᓄᱥ%.(sᓄIL)஺(5)CChᙠÐᯠÒÓËg¼yCaCChEF+CaCCh%&ÏÔᱥ¤+ᐸKsp=2.8xlORCaChÔÚyNa2co3ÔÚzᔠ¼ÝᡂCaC0Þßà0áḄCaChÔÚyNaCOÔÚzᔠ+âNa2co3ÔÚḄã5.6x105323mol/L,ᑣ:ᡂÞßᡠ◤CaCLÔÚḄᨬæãmol/L«3ூᫀ௃(1)(1430ᙢ8)+502ê)=(202(8)+21420ë)4+=-6511<1/11101(2)CD(3)270࠷41(4)CrO(5)2x10-423ூî᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃

30(1)᪷µñòó+0⚪HᓄIJKLõö+¼÷¸ᵬ⏥bᐰ)d:ᡂÁºᓄ»ḄHᓄIJKL[(2)᪷µ§⊝ùúAᳮüýᑨÿ
ᓣ᳛ᵨᓄᑺ᳛(3)জᔠᡂᵬ⏣Ḅ
ᓣᓄ᳛ᡂᱥ"⊝$%&'()*ঝᐜ-.a01Ḅᔜ3ᱥ4Ḅ$5᪷7"⊝8ᦪ⊤;

31ÔÕjkᙠÖ×3@ØÙᓄᱥFG᝶Û■ḄᐵjkCr2O3ᨬDEFG;c(CO)2(5)᪷7Y⏚┛\]Ḅ^*⊤;mol_1VsCO(g)+H(g)#HO(g)+C(s)AH=-13l.Okbmol'VI226(1)₹ᐲmnopᜧqqὅsᔠuvwxyzs{&Ẇ}~ᙠ=ᓄᑺ⊤☢CDIḄCDᔊ&᝞ᡠ&ᐸᔾ▬ᙠ=ᓄᑺ⊤☢Ḅᱥᵨ*᪗஺♦•工♦•X9x»oজᔊᨬᜧ2ᚠE,E=kJ-rnol-',ᑏḄᓄq$

32ঝZ\H3=kJmol-1o(2)ᧇ+n(H2)Fn(CO)=3F1,CDᘤὃ⇋,⌕CD஺জᙠ=ᓄᑺ;ᵨ@ᔠᡂᜩᯠ+&¢⊝¤ᔜ¦ᑖḄ§\ᑖᦪ©pªஹ¬®ᓄ᝞2ஹ3ᡠ஺᪷°±ᑖ᪆&CDIᙠ_____p(³“”ᡈ"¸”)ஹ¬(³"”ᡈ”¸”)ᩩº@ᨵᑭ»CD¼½஺M335洪、30、8«•余25位M里20里堆I5战IOSS040W20I00.9I.)17'(/MP.ra2¢⊝§Àᑖᦪ©pªḄ®ᓄ»=0/MPB>3¢⊝§Àᑖᦪ©ÃḄ®ᓄ(ÄÄ500஺ঝT2࠷,O.IMPaឤ¬ᩩºᩩº@&¢⊝¤CD§Ì¢⊝¦ᡂ᝞⊤ᡠ஺¦ᑖCHH2OH2CO2CO4§\ᑖᦪXabcdeᩩº@COḄÎÏᓄ᳛⊤Ña=஺KpஹKxᑖÕÖᑖ¬ஹᱥ×ḄØᑖᦪ⊤Ḅ¢⊝Ùᦪ&CDIḄKx=o(ÖKpÚp.Û⊤)(3)CDᘤὃ⇋,ஹ[CD஺Üᢝp,B=0.1MPaឤß&¢⊝¤COÏᓄ᳛Ú\]Ḅ⌱áឋ(\]Ḅãᡂ]Ḅᱥ×ḄØ⌱áឋ=x100%)©pªÚ¼ᧇ+åæ+ØḄ®ᓄ᝞4Ú5ᡠ஺ᐸn(H)F2ÏᓄḄCOᱥ×ḄØn(CO)Fn(HO)=3F1FX,ç⊤ᧇ+H2ஹCOÚHzOὅḄᱥ×ḄØéê&Xë®Ø&@ᑡí2îïðḄ300200J----------------------------------------0.00.10.20.30.40.Sn(H2):/r(CO):/r(H2O)=3:1\X4CO*ᓄ᳛5-.Ḅ⌱1ឋ

33A4&©ḼXḄòᜧ&COÏᓄ᳛ᶍᨵô¸&õ2nCDIH2Oëãᡂᱥ&òöåæ+ḄØ÷øù¢⊝ᔣ⌮CD$ᔣûB5&Xü¸¤&ᙠ800=850࠷\]⌱áឋýþḄnõ2[CDëÿ

⊝⌮ᔣC5Xᙠ550=800࠷⌱ឋḄ⌕Ḅ!"#ᵨ%
&᳛()D*+,-X.450࠷ᑭ.0(123ᓄᑺḄ67^4_8ᱥᵯᓄ;<=>CO2?@AB8ᵬDḄEFGH᝞ᡠKLᑏNᵯO▢᩽Ḅᵯ᩽
RCHjCOO-电ᵯ极᩽质子交工换H'膜34ᱥூTᫀ௃^1_136.1CO*+2H*+2H2^g_=C*+O*+2H*+2H2^g_-165.0a+d^2_------xlOO%KpCO2?@AB8ᵬDḄEFCO?ᓄᔠ0bᑮᵯᵬD஺ூO௃1জ᪷_`abNcᔊeᨬᜧhᚠ2h7.8kJ-mol'JlJ143.9kJmol1-ᓽE=136.1kJmol1,ᑏNcklḄᓄ;EeRCO*+2H*+2H2^g_=C*+O*+2H*+2H2^g_ᦑTᫀ136.1!CO*+2H*+2H2^g_=C*+O*+2H*+2H2^g_஺

34ঝ᪷_nbᑮCO(g)+3H2(g)=CH4(g)+H2O(g)&=-206.2kJmoL,p1qEeR(pIIqEeRbᑮpIIIqEeRA//=-165.0kJ-mol-'ᦑTᫀ:-165.0,3(2)জ᪷_`axyᙠᨵᑭ.ᔠᡂᜩᯠcᩩ¡⊝ᵬDḄ+ᑖᦪᜧ¢1ᦑTᫀ஺a+dঝ᪷_ᐗឤcᩩCOḄ*ᓄ᳛⊤Ra=----------X100%oKpஹKxᑖ¤¥ᑖஹᱥ¦Ḅa+d+eᑖᦪ⊤KḄ⊝ᦪ
IḄ_p(CH)-p(HO)_p.,XCH)p-XHO)_%(CH)-X(HO)_K42r4e242X2Kpߟ_7^7~~3/¨ஹ@©/IT\13——~3/¨ஹ——«¬bᑮKx=KpCO2?@AB8ᵬDḄEFCO2ᓄᔠ0bᑮᵯᵬDᙠᵯOÆ▢᩽Ç8
ᐸ▢᩽Ḅᵯ᩽
RCCh+8H++8e-=CH4+2H2C)ᦑTᫀCO+8H++8e-=CH+2H2O„24ூÉÊ௃ᓄ;⊝ὃ⚪Í⌕ὃÎ
ஹᓄ;⊝ᳮஹᓄ;
Ḅ⌱ឋᩩஹᓄ;⊝ᦪஹᵯᓄ;yÏ஺15.(2020•ÑᓭÓᜧ▬Õᨴὃ)×⍝jÀÙÚ(ÛÜᓄᱥஹNH3³)⌼ᡂÞßᜩàáḄâ@Ẇäåæ᣸¿Ḅᜐᳮᓄ;é#ὅẆäḄë⌕ì⚪஺(1)ñy
2N2O(g)=2N2(g)+O2(g)Ḅ”=T63kJ-moL,lmolN2(g)ஹlmoK)2(g)ᑖᓄ;òóôᑖ¤◤⌕ᔾᦈ945kJஹ498kJḄhᑣlmolN2O(g)ᑖᓄ;øóô◤⌕ᔾᦈḄhkJ஺(2)ᙠ@tḄឤííᘤ
2N2O(g)=2N2(g)+O2(g)Ḅïᑖºðᦪ_᝞⊤ᡠK:
ù01020304050607080C(N2O)/mol-LT0.0800.0700.0600.0500.0400.0300.0200.0100.000

35জᙠ0~20minú
&᳛ûᑘ஺)mol-L-'-min-'oঝýNOþÿ
co0.100mol/L,ᑣ30minNOḄᓄ᳛a=஺22ঞḄ⊦ᢣ
NzOὑᡠ◤Ḅ஺
♦ஹ!"#$ஹImin%&'"#p=(ᵨpo⊤+)஺(3)Ớ./0ᙠ2ᜧ4
56N2OḄᑖ89᳛%ᔊ;<=>h(g)21(g)(?)=@>I(g)+N2O(g)-N2(g)+IO(g)(᠒)=C>IO(g)+N2O(g)TN2(g)+O2(g)+I(g)(?)DE⊤F%GỚN2Oᑖ89᳛H;mkc(N2O>cO5(l2)(k9᳛Iᦪ)஺ᑡ⊤LMNḄO(PQRST)஺A.=>UV9᳛WXYᵨB.=@>Zᓄ2[=C>ᜧC.N2Oᑖ8%$ᔠᑗ>_`a)D.12
bN2Oᑖ89᳛cᐵ(4)ef2NO(g)+2CO(g)*fta^2CO(g)+N2(g)A/7=-744kJ/mol,Ẇhijk/ᓄclcmᱥoḄ<2ᨵᐵ%ᙠqrsᘤᐙᐭlOmolCOw8moiNOxy%᝞ᡠ+{⊝NOḄ&}ᑖᦪb
ஹ"#Ḅᐵ'஺7的体枳分数/%জᑮ{⊝%ᙠ569᳛56NOḄᓄ᳛%Ḅᨵ(PQRST)஺a.ᦋᵨ6ᦔᓄᑺb.sᘤḄ&}c.ᓣ6
d.COḄ
ঝ"#lOMPaஹ
Ti%ᑮ20minᑮ{⊝᝱%sᘤḄ&}4L,
{⊝Iᦪ=(ᶇ¡¢ᨵᦔᦪQ£ᵨ{⊝ᑖ"S¤{⊝
%ᑖ"=V"xᱥoḄ¦ᑖᦪ)஺ঞᙠD§Usᘤ¨Ḅ&}&'"#ᜧ%©ªᑮḄ{⊝᝱2OA~G§Ḅ_________§஺ூᫀ௃প1112.5

36(2)1.0x10-330.0%(3)1.25poBC(4)bd0.089(MPa-1)Gூ8᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃᪷³´=ᱥḄVµ2-yᡂᱥḄVµ2¸¹ᓄºµ»¼ᔾᦈḄ2¦£᪷³v=.¸¹9᳛£t¿ᓄ
᪷³ᓄ᳛!/1MxlOO%¸¹;᪷³"#Á[ÂÃᱥoḄ¦Á[¸¹⊦Ḅ"#£᪷³⚪Å!
Æw9᳛Oᵫ᠒WXᩭᑨ»£᪷³ḄMOÊ/&&}ËḄÌ´%ᵫ9᳛ḄÍÎÏÐw{⊝ÑÒᩭᑨ»£᪷³ᓄº{⊝Ḅ“CÔÕ”{⊝Iᦪ᝞£᪷³⚪ÅÆ%¨w"%{⊝ᙳMᔣÑÒᑨ»£³Ù8஺ூÚ8௃(1)ÛImolNzCKg)ᑖÜᓄºµ»¼◤⌕ᔾᦈḄ2¦Q,ᵫ2N9(g)=2N2(g)+O2(g)Ḅ”=T63kJ-moLÞ,H=2e-2x945kJ/mol-498kJ/mol=-163kJ«mor1,8Þ஺=1112.5kJᫀ1112.5஺(2)জᵫ⊤ᦪ³f%!c(N20)=0.080mol/L,20minàc(N20)=0.060mol/L,ᑣᙠ0~20minÔ%.%Ac0.080mol/L-0.060mol/L,,,%9᳛3V(N2O)=——=---------------------------------------------=I.OxlO-mol-L'min-'ᫀ1.0x107஺t20minঝᵫ⊤ᦪ³f%á◞lOmin,c(N2O)Ḅ¿ᓄ¦Â%ᓫ¢ᑁåᵨ0)Ḅ¿ᓄ¦OXæ%ᓽNzOḄᑖ89᳛OXæ%9᳛v(N2O)=L0xl0-3moi.LT.minTè¿,N2O!
0.100mol/L,30min%ஹ…,ஹ,>0.03mol/Lὑ1.0x1஺-3mo|.LT᠒UV9᳛WXYᵨ%ᦑA┯ó£B.=@>᠒%=C>?%Zᓄ2ᜧ9᳛᠒%=@>Zᓄ2[=C>ᜧ%ᦑBMN£C.ᵫ⚪ÅÆf,ỚḄ0ᙠ56N2OḄᑖ89᳛%v=kc(N2O>c”(l2)vb1ᡂM[,ᑣ_ộ)>஽c⊈,ᦑCMNM5(l2)f%஽æbOᔲGỚ./ᨵᐵ%ᦑD┯ó£ᵫøÞBCMN%ᫀBC஺

37ù4ûজa.ᦋᵨ6ᦔᓄᑺ%ýᦋ¿ᓄº9᳛èÍÎ{⊝ÑÒ%ᡠåNOᓄ᳛ᦑa┯b.ᘤḄᜧ᳛ᵫ!Ḅ"#$%&'Ḅᜧ(⊝ᔣ&+Ḅ,ᔣ-.ᓽ(⊝"ᔣ-.NOᓄ᳛23ᦑb"45c.ᓣ389᳛ᵫ!Ḅ":;<ᓣ389(⊝ᔣᔾ<,ᔣ-.ᓽ(⊝⌮ᔣ-.NOᓄ᳛?@ᦑc┯d.COḄC9᳛ᜧᱥC9(⊝"ᔣ-.NOᓄ᳛23ᦑd"4Eᫀ:bd«ঝIJḄCOḄᱥKḄL:x,O⌮<2NO(g)+2co
g2CO(g)+N2(g)2QᓄᑺST81000,(⊝WXᔠ&ᱥKḄLᓄ("2O/)XXX0.5x(⊝(8-x)(10—x)X0.5x"([)=(8-x+10-x+x+0.5x)mol=(18-0.5x)mol,ᵫ⚪ghiOjᙠlOMPaஹ89:Tiq(⊝WNOḄ%s(8-4)molᑖᦪ:25%,ᓽ-----------xl00%=25%,wxx=4,(⊝Wp(NO)="{|~TxlOMPa=2.5MPa,8%(18-0.5x4)mol(10-4)mol4molxlOMPa=3.75MPa,p(CO)=xlOMPa=2.5MPa,p(N)=22(18-0.5x4)mol(18-0.5x4)mol0.5x4molp2(CQ)>P(N2)xlOMPa=1.25MPa,!89q(⊝ᦪ5=(18-0.5x4)molp2(NO)xp2(CO)(2.5MPa)2xl.25MPa=0.089(MPa-1)Eᫀ:0.089(MPa)஺(2.5MPa)2x(3.75MPa)2ঞq?@89(⊝"ᔣ-.NOᑖᦪ'{89qᜧ(⊝"ᔣ-.NOᑖᦪ'ᡠᔠᩩḄ:GEᫀ:G஺16.2020g3ὃjNH3ஹNOஹNO?#ᨵ&¡¢£ᜐᳮᔲᑣ¨©ª«&஺¬Eqᑡ¯⚪51j᝞q<ᓄ,±²5জN2g+C2g=2NOgµHi=+akJ/molঝ4NH3g+3O2g=2N2g+6H2OgAH2=bkJ/molঞ2NOg+O2g=2NC2gµH3=ckJ/molᑣ4NHg+7O2g=4NO2g+6HOgµH5kJ/moh32

38(2)»¼ᔠᡂNH3Ḅw¾¿ÀÁÂᑖx{ḄÃÄů⚪஺j5N2+3H2=^2NH3,Ç!Ḅ13VÉk"-C(N2>C3(H2),vMki*-c2(NH),ᑣ{N2+=H2KINH3Ḅ(⊝ᦪK=(ᵨkÐÑk⌮322⊤i)஺(3)jᔠᡂÓḄᓣ389(⊝ᦪ¨'ᑣ!Ḅ"ÔᓄÕEiÑ⌮ÔᓄÕEḄ×2ᜧᐵÙ:5EiE20(Úᡈ"=")஺(4)ÜᓄḄÝ9ᑖ᪆»¼ᔠᡂÓ&ßà30MPa~50MPa3Ḅáâ#஺(5)500࠷Wᔣ:2LḄåæᘤgçᐭImolN?Ñ3moiFh,êëᔠᡂÓḄìᘤᑁḄîWïḄᓄ᝞q⊤ᡠi5Wï/min010203040+oo/MPa20171513.21111জñᑮ(⊝WNḄᓄ᳛:2ঝᵨ⊤i!Ḅ(⊝ᦪK=(Kpó(⊝WôᡂᱥᑖᗩḄö÷ᱥᑖøḄöPḄùúûᱥKḄᑖó[x!ᱥKḄᱥKḄLᑖᦪ)஺ঞîḼḄýþᔠᡂÓḄ"᳛÷NH3ḄᑖᦪḄᐵÙ᝞qhᡠiÿᓣ
ᑮ⊝,Ḅ("AஹBஹCஹD”⌱ு(4)!"#$᳛&'(⊝)ᔣ+,&-
.ᧇ0Ḅᑭᵨ᳛345Ḅ4᳛(5)90%48MPa஻AூA᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃᪷FGHIJᑖ᪆KᓄMNOPḄᰚR஺᪷FᓄM⊝+,.ᳮᑖ᪆"#ᩩVḄ⌱&᪷FWXPYZ[\ᨵᐵᦪF஺ூ`A௃(1)᪷FGHIJᑖ᪆&জN2(g)+C>2(g)=2NO(g)AH4+akJ/molqঝ4NH3(g)+3Ch(g)=2N2(g)+6H2O(g)

39vH2=bkJ/molxঞ2NO(g)+O2(g)=2NO2(g)vH3=ckJ/molq{NOPYZঝ+জx2+ঞx2[\&}KᓄMNOP4NH3(g)+7O2(g)=4NO(g)+6HO(g)vH=(b+2a+2c)kJ/molq2213(2))⌮"#$᳛&"#ᑮ⊝&ᓽv,.x=V)s=k,Iq-C(N2)-C3(H2)=k-c2(NH3)&ᑣ"#N2+—----a22NH3Ḅ⊝ᦪK=(NH)"ᵯ)c3(H2)=$;(3)ᔠᡂḄ"#ᓣ
⊝ᦪ&ᑣᓣ⊝⌮ᔣ+,&)"#K"#&ᑣ"#Ḅ)"#ᓄEi3⌮"#ᓄEzḄᜧᐵ¡xEKE2;(4)£¤ᔠᡂḄ"#0¥ᑖᦪḄ"#&ᡠ§¨ᜧ©ª§!"#$᳛&'(⊝)ᔣ+,,-
.ᧇ0Ḅᑭᵨ᳛345Ḅ4᳛q(5)Ꮇ¬ᑮ⊝0®ᓄ¯xmol/L,ᑣᨵN2+3H2=^2NH3,²³¯0.51.50ᦋR¯x3x2x⊝¯0.5-x1.5-3x2x᪷F©ªµ¶ᱥ¸Ḅ¹µᑖ᪆&ᨵᐵ¡PxºL5-+=U0.5+1.520Ax=0.45mol/Lqজᑮ⊝NḄ®ᓄ᳛0.45/0.5=90%q2xllMPa)ঝᵨ©ª⊤½"#Ḅ⊝ᦪKp=--------^1'1———)-------0E8MPa2q0.05<0.15\-----xllMPax------xllMPa1.1I1.1)ঞᔠᡂḄ"#K"#&Àᓣ&ᑣ"#$᳛¨ᜧ&⊝⌮ᔣ+,&0Ḅ¥Áᑖᦪ&ḄA.17.(2020<ÂÃ
WÄÅ)ÆᜩᕒÉᔾ4ËḄCO2ᵨÌᑡ"#ᜐᳮ&ÏÐÑÒÓ02ḄÔÕᑭᵨ஺Sabatior"#xCO(g)+4H2(g)^^CH(g)+2HO(g)242ÙᵯA"#x2H2O(g)=h2H2(g)+O2(g)(1){.ᧇ0ᢥn(CO2)xn(H)=1x4ݶឤßàáßᘤãËSabatier"#&å}H?஺®)Ḅᱥ¸Ḅ¹2ᑖᦪèḄᐵ¡᝞êᡠ½(ëì⊤½⊝íì)஺

4007iQIîIA.î▲J200Mo400500MK>3cজï{aஹbஹCWḄ⌮"#$᳛VaஹVbஹVcᵫᜧᑮ᣸òx—஺ঝSabatier"#ᙠÑÒÓôZ&Ìᑡõö-
CCh®ᓄᦔ᳛Ḅøùú᪗üý஺A.〉©B.¨ᜧÿᓄᑺḄ⊤☢C.ᘤᓾD.CO2ᡠᓰE.ᔠᳮ#ᑴᘤ%Ḅ&'ঞ)380࠷,0Ḅᱥ0Ḅ1ᑖᦪ456ᓣ89:Ḅ;<=—஺@2ACDEḄFGᑭᵨJᫀ<ᵨBoschCO2@gA+2H2@gA=C@sA+2HO@gAU”WXSabatier,2`ᵯbcde஺2ḄFGᑭᵨ஺I.জhi=C02@gAjH2O@gAḄkᡂᰚn=-394kJ/mol,-242k.I/mol«ᑣU஻=kJ/moL@kᡂᰚ

41ூÙᫀ௃@1AVc>Vb>VaCEnÜᓣ5§⊝⌮ᔣ@2A-90:5ḄÝᓄ->Vb>VaÒᦑᫀ:V>Vb>Va!ccঝA.〉⊝⌮ᔣᓄᓄ᳛ᦑA┯!"B.$ᜧ&ᓄᑺḄ)⊤☢,$ᜧ-./᳛0ᦋ2ᓄ3⊝0ᦋ2ᓄᓄ᳛ᦑB┯!"C.-.ᘤ6789:7;ᓾ⊝=ᔣ>?ᓄᓄ᳛$ᜧᦑC=@"D.BCDᧇFGCO2ᡠᓰ)L⊝=ᔣ>?Mᓄᓄ᳛ᦑD┯!"E.ᔠᳮQᑴ-.ᘤGFSḄT/UV$ᜧWX⊝=ᔣ>?ᓄᓄ᳛$ᜧᦑE=@"ᦑᫀYCE"ঞCV38]TC,H2OḄᱥcḄdᑖᦪghXᓣCjklmn-.o9-.ᓣh⊝⌮ᔣ"ᦑᫀY-.o9-.ᓣh⊝⌮ᔣY]2pI.জBosch-.CO2]gp+2%]gp஺]5p+2”2஺]8pḄ4=2]-2421<110|p-]-3941<1101p11=-90kJ/mol"ᦑᫀY-90"ঝa?2]gp+2"2]gpC]sp+2“20]gp/7=-90kJ/mol,-.“<]p,$<]pḄ-.-.HSVO,-.ḄhXmlh"ᦑᫀYlh"ঞᓄFᡠ◤ḄdCᡠ-.ᡠ◤ḄᓄCᑣ¡¢ᩩ¤¥Bosch-.¦§ᙠCh¥©ª?"ᦑᫀY-.ḄᓄC"II.জᔣS,2LḄឤ®¯ᘤG°ᐭ8m஺²24moicCh´µ-.¶ᔠ·7¸¹º⊝»᝱FSᱥcḄd½¾ᑮ⊝»᝱ÀὑᓄᱥcḄdx,

42co(g)+2H(g).fC(s)+2HO(g)222ÃÄ(/"஻)4802ᓄx2x2x⊝O஺/)4-x8-2x2xFSÈÉ)ÊVᱥcḄdÉ)-------------=-,ËÌx=2mol,ᑣ⊝¥n(CO2)=2mol,4-x+8—2x+2x5.(40%x5.00P)2n(H)=4mohP=5.00P,CO%=20%,H%=40%,HO%=40%,2222p~(20%x5.00P)x(40%x5.00P)2~Pᦑᫀ¡"PঝBoSCh-.Ḅ/᳛ÐÑY஽“¸ÓÔÕÖ)×=⚪Ù(஺)(km/᳛ÚᦪÛÜhXᨵᐵ)஺30minßà⊤ᦪáᑖ᪆-.=ᔣvQvᑣËᑮ%=å=•c(CO)c2(%)"=å⌮"(gO),a!kC2(HO}/ç…ஹLuஹ-.o9-.ᓣChX⊝⌮ᔣv=êV⌮k=$ᜧḄëᦪêk⌮$ᜧk⌮c(CO)c(“2)2Ḅëᦪ"ᦑᫀYç"ê஺ூíî௃ᓄ3-./᳛ÜhXᡂ=)hXᓣC=⌮-./᳛2ᜧñVòᱥcḄdᡈᱥcḄdᑖᦪÜhXḄôõ⚪öGÌ÷øíøíùøíÉ:©m⊝஺⌕û¡ü⊝-.Ḅ⊝Úᦪ✌ᐜᑡ
᪷ᨬ⊝Ḅᔜᑖᑮ᝞⚪ᙠ2LḄឤ!"ᘤ$ᐭ8molH?,4moicO12345678ᑮ⊝9᝱;ὑ=>ᓄ@ᱥBḄCx,Fᔠ
HI⊝9᝱JᱥBḄCK᪵MN3ᑮ⊝OᦪQ஺