辽宁省辽阳市2021届高三上学期期末考试英语Word版含解析

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高三考试英语试卷注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheFriendsofCharlesDickensDickenswasbornin1812.Hisfather,aclerkinthenavypayoffice,wasthrownintodebtors'prison.Themiserabletreatmentofchildrenandtheinstitutionofthedebtors'jailbecametopicsofseveralofDickens,novels。.WilkieCollins(1824-1889)AlthoughtwelveyearsyoungerthanDickensWilkieCollinsbecameoneofDickensbestfriends.Collinswasapopularnovelistwhodevelopedthemysterynovelstyle.TheMoonstoneisoneofhisbest.HeandDickenswroteTheFrozenDeep.WilkiewasthesonofthepainterWilliamCollins.HewasborninLondonandlivedinItalyandFranceasachild.JohnElliotson(1791-1868)ElliotsonwasDickens'sfamilydoctorformanyyearsandthustheybecamegoodfriends.Elliotsonwasanearlyadvocatefortheuseofthestethoscope(听诊器).Healsobelievedintheuseofacupuncture(针灸).EdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)PoewasanAmericanauthorbestknownforhispoemsandshortfiction.TheFalloftheHouseofUsherandTheMurdersintheRueMorguearetwoofhismostpopularworksDickensandPoe'sfriendshipbeganinPhiladelphiawhileDickenswasonhisfirsttouroftheUnitedStates.Theytalkedaboutliteratureandseemedtoenjoyoneanother'scompanyHowever，twoyearslaterPoebrokeofftherelationshipbecausehewasangryaboutanarticleonAmericanpoetry.ThearticlewaswrittenbyThackeray,butPoebelievedthatDickenswasbehindthearticle.

1WilliamMakepeaceThackeray(1811-1863)WilliamMakepeaceThackeraywasanovelistHisbestknownworkisVanityFair.HewasalsoafriendofCharlesDickens.WhileDickensandThackeraywerefriends,therelationshipwasn'talwayssmooth.Theyhadseveralseriousquarrels.OnequarrelinvolvedDickenssidingwithEdmundYatesafterYatesinsultedThackeray.1.WhohadtakencareofDickens'healthforyears?A.Collins.B.Poe.C.Elliotson.D.Thackeray.2.WhatbrokeDickensandPoe'sfriendship?A.Atrafficaccident.B.Theirideasonrunningcompanies.C.ApoemwrittenbyDickens.D.AnarticlewrittenbyThackeray.3.WhatisThackeray'smostfamousnovel?A.VanityFair.B.TheMoonstone.C.TheFalloftheHouseofUsher.D.TheMurdersintheRueMorgue.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了英国作家CharlesDickens的四位朋友。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ElliotsonwasDickens'sfamilydoctorformanyyearsandthustheybecamegoodfriends.（Elliotson是Dickens多年的家庭医生，因此他们成了好朋友。）”可知，Elliotson是Dickens的家庭医生，因此，他曾照顾Dickens的健康。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“However,twoyearslaterPoebrokeofftherelationshipbecausehewasangryaboutanarticleonAmericanpoetry.ThearticlewaswrittenbyThackeray,butPoebelievedthatDickenswasbehindthearticle.（然而，两年后，Poe因为对一篇关于美国诗歌的文章感到愤怒而断绝了这段关系。这篇文章是Thackeray写的，但Poe认为是Dickens写的。）”可知，Poe对他以为是Dickens写的一篇关于美国诗歌的文章很生气，但事实上它是Thackeray写的，Thackeray写的一篇文章破坏了Dickens和Poe的友谊。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“WilliamMakepeaceThackeraywasanovelist.HisbestknownworkisVanityFair.（WilliamMakepeaceThackeray是一位小说家。他最著名的作品是《名利场》。）”可知，Thackeray最著名的小说是《名利场》。故选A项。B

2A63-year-oldChinesegrandpa'straditionalcarpentry（木工）skillsaredelightingtensofmillionsofviewersonlineashecreateswoodworkwithoutglue，screwsornails.TheChinesemastercarpenter,WangDewen,knownasGrandpaAmuonYouTube,hasbeenregardedasamodernLuBan,afamousChinesestructuralengineerduringtheZhouDynasty,thankstohisvastcarpentryknowledge.Hismostpopularvideo,whichshowshemadeafantasticwoodenarchbridge,wentviralontheplatform,gainingmorethan42millionviews.GrandpaAmufollowsanancientChinesemortiseandtenontechnique（榫卯技术），whichmeansnonailsorglueareinvolvedintheentireprocessofbuildingthearchbridge.GrandpaAmuhasalsomadeseveralwoodentoysforhisgrandsonusingthesametechnique.AmongalltheitemsawalkingPeppaPigandabubbleblowingtoyarehisgrandsonsfavorites.Itwasnotlongbeforehissonanddaughter-in-lawdecidedtovideoWang'sefforts.Themastercarpenterhassofarattractedover1.18millionsubscribersonYouTube，butGrandpaAmuinsiststhatheisjustanordinaryfarmer.JustlikeLiZiqi，wholivesinavillageofsouthwestChina'sSichuanProvince,hasmadeanameforherselfbymakingvariousChinesedishesonYouTubesince2016.GrandpaAmunowinfactisalsotryingtospreaduniqueChinesetechniquesandChineseculturetotheworld.GrandpaAmu'ssonanddaughter-in-lawnowworkfulltimeonhisvideos,hopingthatthechannel'spopularitywouldhelplocalvillagersbetterselltheirfarmproduce."WecameupwiththeideaofmakingthevideosbecausewewantedtobringourruralculturetoothersandletpeoplelearnabouttheseancientChinesetechniques，"saidHuangChunmei,GrandpaAmu'sdaughter-in-law,inaninterviewwithSouthChinaMorningPost.4.WhatisGrandpaAmufamousfor?A.Hiscarpentryskills.B.Awoodenpig.C.Afantastictoy.D.Thetoysforhisgrandson.5.HowdidGrandpaAmumaketoysforhisgrandson?A.Byfollowingthevideos.BByapplyingmodernskills.C.ByusinganancientChinesetechnique.D.Bystudyingcarpentryknowledge.6.WhatcanweknowaboutGrandpaAmusvideos?A.Theyaregoodforsellingtoys.B.TheymakeGrandpaAmubusier.

3C.TheycontributetointroducingChina.D.TheyhelpGrandpaAmuearnmuchmoney7.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BestPopularVideoOnYouTubeB.GrandpaAmu:AChineseMasterCarpenterC.UnbelievableTraditionalCarpentrySkillsD.China：ANationFullOfAmazingTechnology【答案】4.A5.C6.C7.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位63岁的中国爷爷不用胶水、丝钉和钉子就能做出木工品，他的木工手艺在网上令数千万观众赞叹的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第一段“A63-year-oldChinesegrandpa'straditionalcarpentryskillsaredelightingtensofmillionsofviewersonlineashecreateswoodworkwithoutglue，screwsornails.（一位63岁的中国老爷爷的传统木工手艺在网上吸引了数以千万计的观众，他创造了没有胶水、螺丝钉或钉子的木制品。）”可知阿木爷爷通过他的木工手艺出名。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第三段“GrandpaAmufollowsanancientChinesemortiseandtenontechnique，whichmeansnonailsorglueareinvolvedintheentireprocessofbuildingthearchbridge.GrandpaAmuhasalsomadeseveralwoodentoysforhisgrandsonusingthesametechnique.（阿木爷爷遵循的是中国古代的榫卯技术，也就是说，在建造拱桥的整个过程中，没有钉子和胶水。阿木爷爷还用同样的技术为孙子做了几件木制玩具。）”可以得知阿木爷爷给孙子做玩具使用的是一种古老的中国技术。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第四段“GrandpaAmunowinfactisalsotryingtospreaduniqueChinesetechniquesandChineseculturetotheworld.（阿木爷爷现在实际上也在努力向世界传播独特的中国技术和中国文化。）”可知阿木爷爷通过视频让世界更了解中国。故选C项。【7题详解】标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了一位63岁的中国爷爷不用胶水、丝钉和钉子就能做出木工品，他的木工手艺在网上令数千万观众赞叹的故事。B项“阿木爷爷：中国木匠大师”符合文章大意，适合做文章标题。故选B项。C

4Ifyouliveincertainpartsoftheworld,youwillseesomethingmagicalhappeneachfall.Itisthechangingofthecoloroftheleavesonmanydifferenttrees.Eachyeardeciduous(落叶的)treesgothroughaprocessinwhichtheirgreenleavesbecomebrightyellow,gold,orangeandredbeforeturningbrownandfallingontotheground.Photosynthesis(光合作用)istheprocessfortreestomaketheirfoodtakingenergyfromthesun,waterfromtheground,andcarbondioxidefromtheair,theymakesugarto“eat”sotheycangrowintostrong,healthytrees.Theleavesofatreearewherephotosynthesishappensbecausethechlorophyll(叶绿素)intheleavesiswhatmakesphotosynthesispossible.Chlorophyllalsohasanotherjob—itiswhatmakesleavesgreen.Whentheseasonschangeinplaceswheredeciduoustreesgrowandthedaysgetshorterandtheweathergetscolder,itisharderforthechlorophyllintheleavestomakethefoodneededtostaygreen.Soinsteadofmakingmorefood,theleavesstartusingfoodtheyhavestoredawayforthistimeofyear.Astheleavesusethefoodthathasbeenstoredaway,cellsformatthebottomofeachleaf.Thesecellsactlikeadoorbetweentheleafandtherestofthetree—adoorthatclosesveryslowlyanddoesn’tshutuntilalltheleaf’sfoodisgone.Whilethisishappening,thecolorsintheleavesofthetreesareabletoshowthrough.Infact,thered,yellow,goldandorangecolorsarehidingintheleavesallsummerlong.Thecolorsjustcan’tbeseeninthesummerbecauseofallthechlorophyllintheleaves.Youmightbewonderinghowtherestofthetreekeepsgrowingwhentheweatherturnscoldandtheleavesdieandfall.Doesn’ttherestofthetreeneedthefoodmadebythetree’sleaves?Notreally.Thetreetrunkandbranchesgetfoodfromtherootsofthetree.Therootssupplywater,vitaminsandmineralstheygetfromtheground.Treesneedsunshineandwarmweathertogrow,buttheyalsoneedtimetorestlikebearsthatsleepduringthewinter.8.Whydoleaveschangecolors?A.Theysavesomeenergytostayalive.B.Thechlorophyllstoressomefoodaway.C.Theyhavetogetusedtothecoldweather.D.Theycan’tgetenoughenergyfromthesun.9.Inwhichsituationdoleavesfalloffdeciduoustrees?A.Whenthereisnosunlightanylonger.B.Whenthefoodstoredawayintheleavesisuseup.C.Whenthechlorophyllintheleavesstopsworking.D.Whencellsstarttoformatthebottomofeachleaf.10.Howdotreessurviveinwinter?

5A.Bygettingfoodfromtheground.B.Bystoringfoodintheirbranches.C.Bystoringfoodintheirroots.D.Bymakingthemostuseofthedeadleaves.11.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tostudyhowtreessurviveinwinter.B.Totellabouttheimportanceofphotosynthesis.C.Toexplainwhyleaveschangecolors.D.Toshowthechangesoftreesinthewholeyear.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了树叶变色和掉落的原因。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Chlorophyllalsohasanotherjob—itiswhatmakesleavesgreen.Whentheseasonschangeinplaceswheredeciduoustreesgrowandthedaysgetshorterandtheweathergetscolder,itisharderforthechlorophyllintheleavestomakethefoodneededtostaygreen.(叶绿素还有另一个作用——使叶子变绿。在落叶树生长的地方，季节变化，白天变短，天气变冷，树叶中的叶绿素很难产生保持绿色所需的食物。)”可知，树叶变色的原因是它们没有从太阳中吸收到足够的能量。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Astheleavesusethefoodthathasbeenstoredaway,cellsformatthebottomofeachleaf.Thesecellsactlikeadoorbetweentheleafandtherestofthetree—adoorthatclosesveryslowlyanddoesn’tshutuntilalltheleaf’sfoodisgone.Whilethisishappening,thecolorsintheleavesofthetreesareabletoshowthrough.(当叶子利用储存的食物时，细胞就会在每片叶子的底部形成。这些细胞就像一扇门，在树叶和树的其他部分之间——这扇门关闭得非常缓慢，直到叶子的食物全部消失才会关闭。当这种情况发生时，树叶的颜色就能显现出来。)”可知，当叶子的食物全部被吃完时，树叶上的颜色就会显现出来了，树叶就开始掉落。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thetreetrunkandbranchesgetfoodfromtherootsofthetree.Therootssupplywater,vitaminsandmineralstheygetfromtheground.(树干和树枝从树根获得食物。它们的根从地下获得水、维生素和矿物质。)”可知，落叶树木在冬天是通过获取地下食物存活下来的。故选A项。【11题详解】

6推理判断题。根据第一段中“Itisthechangingofthecoloroftheleavesonmanydifferenttrees.(它是许多不同树木上叶子颜色的变化。)”和第二段中“Whentheseasonschangeinplaceswheredeciduoustreesgrowandthedaysgetshorterandtheweathergetscolder,itisharderforthechlorophyllintheleavestomakethefoodneededtostaygreen.(在落叶树生长的地方，季节变化，白天变短，天气变冷，树叶中的叶绿素很难产生保持绿色所需的食物。)”和第三段中“Whilethisishappening,thecolorsintheleavesofthetreesareabletoshowthrough.(当这种情况发生时，树叶的颜色就能显现出来。)”以及全文的描述，可知推知，文章的目的是讲述树叶变色和掉落的原因。故选C项。DAsheatwavescontinuetoravagetheplanet,airconditionersarebecomingmoreandmorecommon.However,these"active"coolingdevicesareposingproblemsbecausetheelectricityconsumptionwhichmostpeopleareconcernedaboutandthereleaseofozone-damagingchemicalsworsenthegreenhousegaseffect,resultinginthecreationofheatislandsandfurtherthermalpollution.Therefore,"passive"cooling,whichdoesn'thavesucheffects,hasattractedconsiderableattentionfrombothscientistsandordinarypeopleinrecentyears.Inarecentstudy,ateamofresearchersfromChinaandUSpresentedaneco-friendly,low-costsmartcoatingtokeepbuildingscoolerwhileconsumingzeroelectricity.Infraredradiation-basedpassivecoolinghasbeeninvestigatedsince2014,butchallenges,mainlytheexpensiveandunsustainabledesign,havegreatlylimitedtheirlarge-scaleandwidespreadapplication.Besides,theimbalanceincoolingabilityofthesecoatingsduringthedayandnighttendstoleadtogreatday-nighttemperaturedifferencesasmoreheatislostthangainedatnight.Thesolutionthereforerequiresa"smart"mechanismthatcanbothenhancedaytimecoolingandminimizenighttimeheatloss.Todothis,theresearcherscreatedanewsmartcoatingcomprisedofconventionalbuildingmaterials,includingtitaniumdioxidenanoparticles,fluorescentmicroparticles,andglassmicrospheresthatwereengineeredtoreflectmostofthesunlight.Specifically,thetitaniumdioxideparticleseffectivelyreflectsunlightthroughlightscattering（撒播）whilethefluorescentparticlesincreasetheamountofreflectionbychangingtheabsorbedsunlightintofluorescenceemissions,whichdrivemoreheatawayfromthebuilding.Meanwhile,theglassmicrospheresre-sendmid-infraredbroadbandradiation,allowingnotonlyheatloss,butallowingheatexchangetotakeplacebetweenthebuildingandthesky.Thecoatingwastestedonamodelconcretebuilding.Throughthisefficientheatexchangewiththesky,daytimecoolingwasstrengthenedwhilenighttimecoolingwasreduced.Thebuilding'sinsidetemperaturewasalwaysmaintainedataround26℃,evenwhentheout-sidetemperaturevariedfrom24℃to37℃duringtheday.Webelievethisnewcoatingwillmakeittocommercializationsoon,enablingasustainable,passivecoolingtechnologythatcouldhelptofightclimatechangeandtheglobalenergycrisis.

712.Whatisthevirtueofpassivecooling?A.Itissimpletodesign.B.Itusesnochemicals.C.Itissmart.D.Itusesnopower.13.Whycouldn'ttheformercoatingbeappliedcommercially?A.Itwashardtodesign.B.Itsmaterialwashardtoproduce.C.Itsheatlossandcoolingareimbalanced.D.Itwasn'ttestedonamodelconcretebuilding.14.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"mechanism"inparagraph3?A.Metal.B.System.C.Platform.D.Building.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theprincipleofair-conditioning.B.Thedifferencesbetweenactiveandpassivecooling.C.Anewcoatingtokeepbuildingscoolwithoutelectricity.D.Anewbuildingtomaintainitsinsidetemperaturewithoutelectricity.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.C【解析】本文是说明文。本文介绍了一种环保型智能涂料，使用这种涂料不用电就能保持室内凉爽。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Inarecentstudy,ateamofresearchersfromChinaandUSpresentedaneco-friendly,low-costsmartcoatingtokeepbuildingscoolerwhileconsumingzeroelectricity.”（在最近的一项研究中，一组来自中国和美国的研究人员提出了一种环保、低成本的智能涂层，可以在零用电的情况下保持建筑物的凉爽。）”可知，被动冷却的优点是它不用电。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Infraredradiation-basedpassivecoolinghasbeeninvestigatedsince2014,butchallenges,mainlytheexpensiveandunsustainabledesign,havegreatlylimitedtheirlarge-scaleandwidespreadapplication.Besides,theimbalanceincoolingabilityofthesecoatingsduringthedayandnighttendstoleadtogreatday-nighttemperaturedifferencesasmoreheatislostthangainedatnight.（基于红外辐射的被动制冷技术自2014年开始研究，但是由于其昂贵且不可持续的设计，使其大规模的广泛应用受到了很大的限制。此外，这些涂层的冷却能力在白天和晚上的不平衡，往往导致日夜温差很大，因为失去的热量比夜间获得的热量多）”可知，为什么原有的涂层不能商业化应用是因为它的散热和冷却是不平衡的。故选C。

8【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“thatcanbothenhancedaytimecoolingandminimizenighttimeheatloss.（既能加强白天的降温，又能最大限度地减少夜间的热量损失。）”由此判断出，因此，解决方案需要一种“智能”系统。这种系统既能加强白天的降温，又能最大限度地减少夜间的热量损失。所以划线词指的是一种“系统”。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Webelievethisnewcoatingwillmakeittocommercializationsoon,enablingasustainable,passivecoolingtechnologythatcouldhelptofightclimatechangeandtheglobalenergycrisis.（我们相信，这种新的涂料将很快实现商业化，使可持续的被动冷却技术成为可能，有助于应对气候变化和全球能源危机。）”可知，文章主要介绍了一种不用电就能保持室内凉爽的新型涂料。故选C。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatleadstosuccessinschool?___16___“Perseverance”forexample,seemstobeabetterpredictorofsuccessthanIQinschoolandbeyond.Researchershavealsodemonstratedthathavinga“growthmindset”isassociatedwithacademicsuccesswhichhappenswhenapersonrecognizesthatabilitiesarenotfixedbutdevelopedthroughpractice.Researchersareexploringothercharactersthatmightcontributetosuccess.___17___Datawascollectedonhappinessandgradesfrom435studentsatStAndrew’sincludingelementary,middleandupperschoolstudents.___18___Specifically,researchersfoundastatisticallysignificantcorrelation(正相关)betweenhappinessandstudents’gradesfromelementaryschoolsthroughhighschools.Studentsoftenreportedthathappiness,orpositivefeelingslikeenjoymentorfun,supportedtheirschoolwork.___19___Ithasbeenfoundthatanetworkofsupportiverelationshipsisattheheartofhappiness.Resultsshowedthatthequalityofstudents,relationshipswithteachersandpeerspredictedtheirhappiness.Acrossallages,studentswithpositiverelationshipsweremorelikelytobehappy.Althoughvoicedindifferentwaysandtimeandagainstudentsofallagesemphasizedthattheirrelationshipsarefundamentaltotheirhappiness.Theseresultssuggestthatthereisanimportantrelationshipbetweenhappinessandacademicachievement.Moreresearchisneededtoexploretherelationshipsamonghappinesssocialnetworks,andachievementinaschoolsetting.___20___A.Butwhatsupportsstudentstobehappy?B.Butarehappierkidssuretogetaheadacademically?C.Recentresearchsuggestssuccessispartlydrivenbythecharacter.

9D.Inrecentstudies,theyexploredtherelationshipbetweenhappinessandmarks.E.Psychologyresearchshowedalinkbetweenhappinessandsuccessintheworkplace,F.Theresultsrevealedstudentswhoarereportedtobehappierhadhighergrades.G.Bycoincidencethefindingsofthisstudyareconsistentwithearlieronesinpsychology.【答案】16.C17.D18.F19.A20.G【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了学生学习成绩与性格有一定的关系。【16题详解】根据下文““Perseverance”forexample,seemstobeabetterpredictorofsuccessthanIQinschoolandbeyond.(例如，“毅力”似乎比智商在学校和其他方面更能预示成功。)”可知，此处内容与具体讲述了性格与成功的关系有关，选项C“Recentresearchsuggestssuccessispartlydrivenbythecharacter.(最近的研究表明，成功在一定程度上取决于性格。)”符合题意。故选C。【17题详解】根据下文“Datawascollectedonhappinessandgradesfrom435studentsatStAndrew’sincludingelementary,middleandupperschoolstudents.(该研究收集了435名圣安德鲁中学学生的快乐和成绩数据，其中包括小学生、初中生和高中生。)”可知，此处内容与快乐和分数之间的关系有关，此空后面一句的“happinessandgrades”可知，这与D项“happinessandmarks”是指同一个概念，因此选项D“Inrecentstudies,theyexploredtherelationshipbetweenhappinessandmarks.(在最近的研究中，他们探索了快乐和分数之间的关系。)”符合题意。故选D。【18题详解】根据下文“Specifically,researchersfoundastatisticallysignificantcorrelation(正相关)betweenhappinessandstudents’gradesfromelementaryschoolsthroughhighschools.(具体地说，研究人员发现，快乐与学生从小学到高中的成绩之间存在着统计上显著的相关性。)”可知，此处是对本段的一个概括，内容与快乐与学习成绩的关系有关，选项F“Theresultsrevealedstudentswhoarereportedtobehappierhadhighergrades.(结果显示，那些被报道为更快乐的学生成绩更高。)”符合题意。故选F。【19题详解】根据下文“Ithasbeenfoundthatanetworkofsupportiverelationshipsisattheheartofhappiness.(研究发现，相互支持的人际关系网络是快乐的核心。)”可知，本空后一句回答了A项的问题，此处内容与提出疑问有关，选项A“Butwhatsupportsstudentstobehappy?(但是是什么让学生快乐呢？)”符合题意。故选A。【20题详解】

10根据上文“Moreresearchisneededtoexploretherelationshipsamonghappinesssocialnetworks,andachievementinaschoolsetting.(我们需要更多的研究来探索在学校环境中，快乐、社交和成绩的关系。)”可知，此处是承接上一句，内容与研究的结果与早期的心理学研究结果一致有关，选项G“Bycoincidence,thefindingsofthisstudyareconsistentwithearlieronesinpsychology.(碰巧的是，这项研究的结果与早期的心理学研究结果一致。)”符合题意。故选G。第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Wewerefinishingthefirstlesson,justLoriandme.Wehadspentthe___21___takingbabysteps.Shehadledmedowntheshallowwheelchair-accessslopeintothepool,___22___metotakeastepdeeper,andthenanother.Ihadbeenafraidofwatermywholelife.Atageforty-four,Ihadno___23___ofeverenjoyinganybodyofwater.Evenwalkingaroundtheedgeofapoolwasunsettling.I___24___myfearinordertosaveface,andfewpeople___25___Ifearedwater.Whenthewaterreachedmychest,LoricouldtellIhadreachedmylimit.Ihad___26___myfirsteverswimminglesson.Ibreathedasighof___27___andturnedtowalkbackouttheshallowend.“Let'strygoingthisway,“Lorisaid.Iwas___28___asIunderstoodwhatshemeant.Shewantedmetowalkalongtheedgeofthepooltothe___29___end.Ihadseentheblue-paintedblocknumbers.Fiveandahalffeet?Noway!“Just____30____it,"Loripressed.Asthewaterdepthincreased,Imovedmoreandmore____31____.Aswenearedthe5-footmark,myprogresswassodifficultthatLori____32____.ButIinchedon.Ididit!Istoodonthefloorofthefarendofthepool,____33____withreliefandexcitement.Fivemonthslater,Iswamthelengthofthepool,enjoying____34____andapplausefromfellowswimmers.Sometimesthebiggestdealofallistowalkintotheshallowendandcomeoutawinneratthe____35____end,nomatterhowlongittakestogetthere.21.A.hourB.dayC.monthD.year22.A.forcingB.encouragingC.observingD.protecting23.A.problemB.opinionC.memoryD.time24.A.overcameB.foughtC.hatedD.hid25.A.admittedB.doubtedC.knewD.wondered26.A.gotthroughB.heldonC.keptoffD.escapedfrom27.A.fearB.sorrowC.worryD.relief

1128.A.inspiredB.shockedC.ashamedD.amused29.A.rightB.leftC.oppositeD.same30.A.tryB.makeC.takeD.get31.A.slowlyB.randomlyC.hopelesslyD.smoothly32.A.daredB.regrettedC.succeededD.hesitated33.A.tremblingB.whisperingC.strugglingD.wandering34.A.shoutsB.tearsC.cheersD.laughs35.A.farB.closeC.wideD.deep【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.C26.A27.D28.B29.C30.A31.A32.D33.A34.C35.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一向怕水的作者学习游泳的经历——克服了内心的恐惧，最终取得了成功。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们正在上第一课，只有洛莉和作者。我们花了整整一个小时的时间慢慢地走着。她领着我走下轮椅通道的斜坡，来到游泳池里，鼓励我再往深走一步，然后再走一步。A.hour小时；B.day天；C.month月；D.year年。由于是在上课，所以以小时计算最为合理，故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.forcing强迫；B.encouraging鼓励；C.observing观察；D.protecting保护。上文说作者在上游泳课，再结合空后的“metotakeastepdeeper,andthenanother.”可知，她鼓励作者再往深走一步，故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：44年来，我不记得曾经享受过任何一处水域。A.problem问题；B.opinion观点；C.memory记忆；D.time时间。空前一句说作者这辈子都怕水，因此44年来，作者不记得曾经享受过任何一处水域，旨在强调作者从没有下过水，故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了保全面子，我隐藏了自己的恐惧，几乎没有人知道我怕水。A.overcame克服；B.fought斗争；C.hated讨厌；D.hid隐藏。根据空后的“inordertosaveface”可知，为了保全面子，作者隐藏了自己的恐惧，故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.admitted承认；B.doubted怀疑；C.knew知道；D.wondered想知道。空前一句说为了保全面子，作者隐藏了自己的恐惧，所以几乎没有人知道作者怕水，故选C。

12【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当水到达我的胸口时，洛莉可以看出我已经到了极限。我完成了我的第一节游泳课。A.gotthrough通过、结束；B.heldon坚持；C.keptoff让开；D.escapedfrom逃脱。空前一句说当水到达作者的胸口时，洛莉看出了作者已经到了极限，所以作者上完了第一节游泳课，故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我如释重负地松了一口气，转身走出浅水的尽头。A.fear恐惧；B.sorrow悲伤；C.worry担心；D.relief宽慰、减轻。向来怕水的作者终于上完了第一节课，所以作者如释重负地松了一口气，故选D。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我们试着往这边走吧，”洛莉说。当我明白她的意思时，作者很震惊。A.inspired受鼓舞的；B.shocked震惊的；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.amused逗乐的。空后一句说洛莉想让作者沿着游泳池的边缘穿过深水区走到另一端，所以作者很震惊，故选B。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她想让我沿着游泳池的边缘走到另一端。我看到了蓝色标识。五英尺半？不可能！A.right右面的；B.left左面的；C.opposite相反的、对面的；D.same相同的。上文“theshallowend”说作者是在浅水区上课，再结合空后的“Ihadseentheblue-paintedblocknumbers.Fiveandahalffeet?”可知，洛莉想让作者沿着游泳池的边缘穿过深水区走到泳池的另一端，故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：试一下，”洛莉催促道。A.try尝试；B.make制作；C.take拿走；D.get得到。根据语境可知，洛莉鼓励作者试一下，上文中提到try，是原词复现，故选A。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着水深的增加，我移动得越来越慢。A.slowly慢慢地；B.randomly随便地；C.hopelessly绝望地；D.smoothly顺利地。根据常识可知，水越深，人在水下移动得就越吃力，自然就越慢，故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我接近5英尺的标识时，我走得非常困难，洛莉犹豫了。但作者慢慢地前进。A.dared敢；B.regretted后悔；C.succeeded成功；D.hesitated犹豫。空后一句说但作者慢慢地前进，转折连词But表明洛莉犹豫了，故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我做到了！我站在游泳池尽头的地板上，松了一口气，兴奋得浑身发抖。A.trembling发抖、战栗；B.whispering低语；C.struggling挣扎；D.wandering

13徘徊。空前一句说作者终于站在泳池另一端的地板上，因此作者由于放松和兴奋而颤抖，故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：五个月后，我游完了游泳池的长度，享受着同伴们的欢呼和掌声。A.shouts大喊；B.tears眼泪；C.cheers欢呼；D.laughs大笑。此处与空后的applause并列，指“庆祝成功的欢呼和掌声”，故选C。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时候，最重要的事情就是从浅水区走进去，然后在深水区成为赢家，不管要花多长时间才能到达那里。A.far远的；B.close近的；C.wide宽的；D.deep深的。此处与前面的“shallowend”对应，指“深水区”，故选D。第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。YouknowthatGrandparentsDay,___36___(take)placeontheSundayafterLaborDayeveryyear,isaholidayforcelebratingyourparents'parents.Youmightsendthemacard,orgivethemacall.Buthowdidtheholidaycometobe?In1956,WestVirginianativeMarianMcQuadewastryingtoplanacelebrationfortheelderly___37___(member)ofhercommunity.Shemadethesaddiscoverythatmanyoftheseniorcitizensinthenursinghomedidn'toftenreceivevisitsfromtheirfamilies.Soshesetout___38___(choose)adaytohonorandappreciategrandparents.GrandparentsDaybecame___39___officialholidayin1978.It'snot___40___(actual)justforgrandparents,butit'salsotogivegrandparentsanopportunitytoshowlove___41___theirchildren'schildren.Manyfamilieshave___42___(meaning)waysofcelebratingtheholiday.Evenifyourgrandparentslivefaraway,thatdoesn'tmeanyoucan’tcelebratewiththem.DanielleKirsch___43___(celebrate)bytryinganewactivityeveryyearwithhergrandmotherElsie.Thisyear,theywillbepaintingtogether.MollyArnold'sgrandmotherisno___44___(long)around,butshestillfoundabeautifulwaytohonortheholiday.Shecreatedacharityinmemoryofhergrandmother,____45____passedawayfromAlzheimer'sdisease.【答案】36.taking37.members38.tochoose39.an40.actually41.to/for42.meaningful

1443.celebrates44.longer45.who【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了祖父母节的由来。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你知道每年劳动节后的星期天是祖父母节，是一个庆祝你父母的父母的节日。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词is，空处需填非谓语动词形式，takeplace为固定短语，没有被动语态，需填现在分词形式。故填taking。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：1956年，西弗吉尼亚州本地人玛丽安·麦奎德(MarianMcQuade)试图为她所在社区的老年成员策划一场庆祝活动。elderly为形容词作定语，修饰名词，member为可数名词，此处指“老年成员”，是一个群体，需用名词复数形式。故填members。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所以她决定选择一个日子来表达对祖父母的敬意和感激。setouttodosth.为固定用法，意为“开始着手做某事”。故填tochoose。【39题详解】考查冠词。句意：祖父母节于1978年成为一个法定假日。holiday为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个法定假日”，且official发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。【40题详解】考查副词。句意：这不仅仅是为了祖父母，也是为了给祖父母一个向他们孩子的孩子表达爱的机会。空处修饰整个句子，需填副词作状语。故填actually。【41题详解】考查介词。句意：这不仅仅是为了祖父母，也是为了给祖父母一个向他们孩子的孩子表达爱的机会。showloveto/forsb.为固定用法，意为“表达对某人的爱”。故填to/for。【42题详解】考查形容词。句意：许多家庭用有意义的方式来庆祝这个节日。空处修饰名词ways，需填形容词作定语。故填meaningful。【43题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：DanielleKirsch每年都和她的祖母Elsie一起尝试一项新的活动来庆祝。根据时间状语everyyear可知，此处是用一般现在时，主语为DanielleKirsch，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填celebrates。

15【44题详解】考查固定短语。句意：莫莉·阿诺德的祖母已经不在了，但她仍然找到了一个美丽的方式来纪念这个节日。nolonger为固定短语，意为“不再”。故填longer。【45题详解】考查定语从句。句意：她创建了一个慈善机构来纪念因阿兹海默症去世的祖母。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词hergrandmother，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是在英国某中学学习交换生李华，时值该中学六十年校庆(anniversary),主办者Smith先生来信邀请你在庆祝仪式上表演有中国特色的文艺节目。请你写一封回信表达祝贺并接受邀请，内容包括：1.你将表演中国民族舞；2.希望校方准备好音响设备；3.音乐和服装你自己已准备好。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMr.Smith,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes.Yourstruly,LiHua【答案】参考范文DearMr.Smith,Itismygreathonortoreceiveyourinvitationtogiveaperformanceatthecelebrationceremony.Firstofall,Iwouldliketocongratulateyouonyourschool’ssixtiethanniversary.Itakegreatprideinstudyingatthisexcellentschool.Atyourinvitation,IwillperformaChinesefolkdanceatthecelebrationceremonytoexpressmycongratulations.Inordertopreparetheperformance,it’simportantforyoutopreparetheaudioequipmenttoplay

16theaccompanyingmusic.Iwillpreparethedancemusicandcostumesmyself.IamdelightedtobeabletomakeamodestcontributiontothepromotionofChinesecultureandculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandtheUK.Bestwishes.Yourstruly,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封回信给Smith先生，表达对学校六十年校庆的祝贺并接受邀请，在庆祝仪式上表演有中国特色的文艺节目。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.你将表演中国民族舞；2.希望校方准备好音响设备；3.音乐和服装你自己已准备好。第二步:列提纲（重点词组）Itisone’sgreathonortodosth,firstofall,wouldliketodo,congratulatesbonsth,takegreatprideinsth,Chinesefolkdance,inorderto,it’simportantforsbtodosth,bedelightedtodosth,beabletodosth,makeamodestcontributiontosth,between…and…第三步：连词成句1.Itismygreathonortoreceiveyourinvitationtogiveaperformanceatthecelebrationceremony.2.Firstofall,Iwouldliketocongratulateyouonyourschool’ssixtiethanniversary.3.Itakegreatprideinstudyingatthisexcellentschool.4.Atyourinvitation,IwillperformaChinesefolkdanceatthecelebrationceremonytoexpressmycongratulations.5.Inordertopreparetheperformance,it’simportantforyoutopreparetheaudioequipmenttoplaytheaccompanyingmusic.6.IamdelightedtobeabletomakeamodestcontributiontothepromotionofChinesecultureandculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandtheUK.

17根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：Firstofall2.表并列补充关系：Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,Inaddition,Aswellas（供参考）3.表转折对比关系：However,Onthecontrary,but,Although+clause(从句),Inspiteof+n/doing,Ontheonehand…,Ontheotherhand…Some…,whileothers…,asfor,so…that…（供参考）4.表因果关系：Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,Asaresult（供参考）连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】[高分句型1]Itismygreathonortoreceiveyourinvitationtogiveaperformanceatthecelebrationceremony.运用一个“itisone’sgreathonortodosth某人很荣幸做某事”句型，it为形式主语，真正主语为不定式todosth。[高分句型2]Inordertopreparetheperformance,itisimportantforyoutopreparetheaudioequipmenttoplaytheaccompanyingmusic.运用一个“itis+adj.+forsbtodosth对某人来说，做某事怎么样”句型，it为形式主语，真正主语为不定式todosth。第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Threehippopotamuses(河马)weresnuggledclosetogether.Andtheywerefrightened.Alionwassittingcloseby,too.Everythingwasshakingallaroundthem.“Ohno,hereitcomes!”saidoneofthehippos.Ananimalwithverylargeteethsoareddownfromthesky!Itwentforthelion,butmissed!Thiswasnotthefirsttimetheanimalhadmadesuchavisit.Infact,itoftencameandwentwithoutwarning.“Wehavegottogetoutofhere,”saidanotherhippo.“Yeah,andgowhere?”askedthelion.“Nomatterwherewego,thatthingfollowsus.”Thensuddenlystrangenoisescouldbeheardcloseby!TheyallfearedtheworstButthistime,itwassimplymuchfriendlieranimalsthatwereheadingtheirway.Thehipposandlionhadneverseenthembefore.Thegroupincludedseveralgiraffesandonelittleredfox.Likethegiraffes,thelittleredfoxfeltnervoustobesoclosetoalionandhippos.Buthewasafriendlylittlefoxandintroducedhimself.Hesoonrealized,however,thathisnewfriendsweremorenervousthanhewas.Thehipposandlionwerestilltalkingabouttheanimalwithlargeteeththatcamedownfromthesky.Andtheyweresurprisedtohearthatthegiraffesandlittleredfoxhadneverseenit.“Ladiesandgentlemen,nottofear,”saidthelittleredfox.“Whatneedstohappenhereisquiteclear.”

18“Andwhatisthat?”askedthelion,“Weneedtosticktogether,”saidthelittleredfox.Thelittleredfoxsaidthatbystickingtogethertheycouldperhapsreasonwiththeanimalwithlargeteeth.“Alittlecouragegoesalongway,”saidthelittleredfox.Andtheneverythingallaroundstartedtoshake.“Ohmy,runforit!”saidthelittleredfox.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Thelittleredfoxranasfastashecould._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Meanwhile,Franidroppedtwocoinsintoaclawmachine(夹娃娃机)._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】参考范文Thelittleredfoxranasfastashecould.Hejumpedononeofthegiraffe’sbackasitstooduptorun.Thenheclimbedupitslongnecktohide.Thelittleredfoxwassoscaredthatheforgotwhatthehipposhadtoldhimandthegiraffes:theanimalwithlargeteethalwayscamedownfromthesky.Meanwhile,Franidroppedtwocoinsintoaclawmachine(夹娃娃机).Shecarefullymovedthejoystickstraightahead.Thenshetappedittwicetowardstheleft.Belowwerethreehipposandonelion.Andsittingrightbehindthemwereseveralgiraffes.ThosewouldallmakefinenewfriendsforFrani,butitwasthelittleredfoxthatshelongedtotakehome.Franimovedtheclawdowntowardsthelittleredfox.Andthen,shegrabbedhim!Asshetookthelittleredfoxoutofthemachine,Franigavehimabighug.Frani’sgrandfatherwasnexttoher,smilingandthentookherandthelittleredfoxoutforice-cream.【解析】【分析】

19本文以童话玩具动物为线索展开，讲述了玩具动物被人用机器抓起时的遭遇及其心理变化。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“小红狐狸尽快地跑。”可知，第一段可描写小红狐狸为避免被抓所做的努力。②由第二段首句内容“与此同时，Frani把两枚硬币扔进了一个夹娃娃机里”可知，第二段可描写Frani抓到了小红狐狸。2.续写线索：逃跑——躲藏——害怕——被抓——带走——新奇相处3.词汇激活行为类①逃跑：escape/runaway/standuptorun②躲藏：hideoneself/gointohiding③被抓：getcaught/getgrabbed情绪类①害怕：bescared/beafraid/befrightened②新奇：meetstrangepeople/makenewfriends【点睛】[高分句型1]Thelittleredfoxwassoscaredthatheforgotwhatthehipposhadtoldhimandthegiraffes:theanimalwithlargeteethalwayscamedownfromthesky.（so…that句型，结果状语从句）[高分句型2]ThosewouldallmakefinenewfriendsforFrani,butitwasthelittleredfoxthatshelongedtotakehome.（由关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句）[高分句型3]Frani’sgrandfatherwasnexttoher,smilingandthentookherandthelittleredfoxoutforice-cream.（现在分词作状语）