DB43∕T 2351-2022 池塘中华鳖与匙吻鲟生态养殖技术规程(湖南省)

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ICS65.150CCSB5243湖南省地方标准DB43/T2351—2022池塘中华鳖与匙吻鲟生态养殖技术规程TechnicalregulationforecologicalcultureofTrionyxsinensisandPolyodonspathulainponds2022-05-06发布2022-08-06实施湖南省市场监督管理局发布

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2DB43/T2351—2022目次前言························································································································Ⅲ1范围·····················································································································12规范性引用文件······································································································13术语和定义············································································································14环境条件···············································································································14.1水源与水质······································································································14.2池塘要求·········································································································14.3食台与晒台······································································································14.4防逃设施·········································································································25水生植物栽种·········································································································26苗种放养···············································································································26.1清塘消毒·········································································································26.2苗种质量·········································································································26.3放养时间·········································································································26.4放养规格与密度································································································27饲养管理···············································································································27.1投饲管理·········································································································27.2水质管理·········································································································37.3疾病防控·········································································································38生产记录···············································································································3附录A（资料性）匙吻鲟主要疾病的防治方法·································································4I

3DB43/T2351—2022II

4DB43/T2351—2022前言本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。本文件由湖南省农业标准化技术委员会归口。本文件起草单位：长沙学院、湖南省春云农业科技股份有限公司、湖南金博朗生物科技有限公司、长沙新起点生物科技有限公司、湖南慧兴华农业科技发展有限公司、长沙浩源水产养殖有限公司、长沙金土地饲料科技有限公司、湖南江渔生物技术有限公司、长沙瑞之隆生态农业有限公司、湘阴县畜牧水产服务中心、湘阴县水产科学研究所、长沙市农业农村局、岳阳市水产科学研究所、浏阳市丰东农业现代农业开发有限公司。本文件主要起草人：向静、陈伶知、黄超、章铭、吕佳、王志明、黄五洋、杨亮杰、李永吉、冷奏凯、李文辉、舒志权、王灿、易继华、焦威、唐爱明、佘曙明、黄彦、刘浩、罗湘、阳新国、贺彭毅、胡时均、江昭军、江为民、刘海林、樊志坚、李新国、杨露霞、伍秋福、彭理、陈合林、饶景、陈炼。III

5DB43/T2351—2022IV

6DB43/T2351—2022池塘中华鳖与匙吻鲟生态养殖技术规程1范围本文件规定了中华鳖（Trionyxsinensis）与匙吻鲟（Polyodonspathula）池塘生态养殖的环境条件、水生植物栽种、苗种放养、饲养管理和生产记录的要求。本文件适用于湖南省中华鳖与匙吻鲟池塘生态养殖。2规范性引用文件下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。GB11607渔业水质标准GB13087饲料卫生标准GB/T18407.4农产品安全质量无公害水产品产地环境要求GB/T22213水产养殖术语GB/T26876中华鳖池塘养殖技术规范SC/T1016.6中国池塘养鱼技术规范长江中上游地区食用鱼饲养技术SC/T1047中华鳖配合饲料SC/T1107中华鳖亲鳖和苗种SC/T9101淡水池塘养殖水排放要求DB43/T634畜禽水产养殖档案记录规范3术语和定义GB/T22213界定的术语和定义适用于本文件。4环境条件4.1水源与水质水源充足，无污染，排灌方便，水源水质应符合GB11607的规定。4.2池塘要求22池塘周边环境相对安静，面积以1500m～7000m为宜，池深2.0m～2.5m。有相对独立的进、排水系统，排灌方便。底质应符合GB/T18407.4的规定。4.3食台与晒台设置方法按照GB/T26876的规定执行。1

7DB43/T2351—20224.4防逃设施设置方法按照GB/T26876的规定执行。5水生植物栽种5.1用竹子和泡沫板设置浮床：——用直径8cm～12cm的竹子制成一个长1.5m～2m，宽0.8m～1.2m的浮床矩形基架，在矩形基架区域内固定聚乙烯泡沫；——再在聚乙烯泡沫上按15cm～30cm的孔间距均匀打孔，孔径控制在25cm～30cm左右；——将放了栽培基质的种植篮放进孔内。5.2生态浮床种植空心菜或水芹菜等水生植物。5.3种植空心菜和水芹菜的时间一般分别为4～7月和7～9月。水生植物种植面积不超过池塘面积的20％。6苗种放养6.1清塘消毒按照SC/T1016.6的规定执行。6.2苗种质量选用经全国水产原种和良种审定委员会审定的、具有水产苗种生产资质的企业生产的中华鳖苗种。自繁自育中华鳖种质应符合GB21044的要求。引进中华鳖苗种应依法进行产地检疫和品质检验，苗种质量应符合SC/T1107的要求。匙吻鲟苗种应来源于具有水产苗种生产资质的企业生产，体质健壮，无病无伤。6.3放养时间中华鳖苗种在冬眠前放养，匙吻鲟苗种一般在3月底前放养完毕，选择晴天放养。6.4放养规格与密度2每667m池塘放养规格为500g左右的雄鳖300只，250g～500g/尾的匙吻鲟50尾～80尾。7饲养管理7.1投饲管理7.1.1移螺24月和8月在池塘中各投经消毒的活螺一次。每次投螺200kg～300kg/667m。7.1.2鳖投饲按照GB/T26876的规定执行。中华鳖配合饲料质量应符合SC/T1047的规定。7.1.3匙吻鲟投饲6～9月根据匙吻鲟的生长和摄食情况，可在每天傍晚按鱼体重的2％～3％投喂配合饲料。配合饲2

8DB43/T2351—2022料卫生质量应符合GB13087的要求。7.2水质管理7.2.1水位池塘水位控制1.5m～2.0m。从4月开始，将池塘水位加至1.5m，随气温升高逐渐将水位加深至2.0m。7.2.2水质通过加注新水，使用生石灰、芽孢杆菌、光合细菌等调控水质。生石灰调节水质呈微碱性（pH7.0～8.5）。定期检测池塘水质，水质应符合GB/T26876的要求。池塘养殖水排放应符合SC/T9101的要求。7.3疾病防控坚持以防为主、积极治疗。鳖病的防治和药物使用按GB/T26876的规定执行。匙吻鲟主要疾病的防治方法参见附录A。8生产记录按照DB43/T634的规定执行。3

9DB43/T2351—2022附录A（资料性）匙吻鲟主要疾病的防治方法病名主要症状防治方法1、在捕捞、运输、放养等操作过程中,尽量避免鱼体病鱼体表或者鱼卵表面肉眼可见灰白受伤。色棉絮状物（白毛），镜检，可观察到水霉水霉病2、保持养殖池水质清新。病的菌丝及孢子囊。鱼体游动失常，食欲减3、用浓度为0.4‰的食盐和小苏打1:1混合溶液对病退，甚至死亡。鱼消毒。发病初期，病鱼在水面作狂乱而无力的游动，随着鱼体内气体的蓄积，不久即在体1、做好水质调节，高温季节防止水质过肥。表皮肤薄弱处逸出、汇聚，在表皮下形成大2、高温季节加注新水，降低池水温度，稀释溶解氧。小不等的气泡，最后病鱼在挣扎中死亡。病3、在晴天中午到傍晚，开增氧机曝气，释放过饱和鱼口腔、头部、尾鳍甚至吻部布满大大小小的溶氧。气泡病2的气泡，气泡密集处组织充血肿胀。肉眼可4、每667m用2.5kg～5kg食盐对水全池泼洒，调节见鳃丝间粘液增加，附着有许多小气泡，肠渗透压，使鱼体内气泡逐步逸出，缓解病情。内有气泡和黄色粘液，心脏及大的血管内也5、捞取病鱼，转入清水中暂养，以低速流水池暂养常常可见气泡，气泡栓塞心脏和血管致鱼迅最佳，病情轻的鱼能恢复正常。速死亡。1、用生石灰清塘。锚头蚤寄生在鱼体表，肉眼可见。当22、混养其他鱼。可以每667m水面放100g～125g虫体长大后，虫体周围组织红肿、化脓、出的黄颡鱼10尾～15尾,摄食锚头鳋幼虫。锚头蚤病血。发病初期，病鱼呈现急躁不安、食欲减3、使用菌虫杀手(主要成份溴氰菊酯)治疗，用法用退、游泳迟缓等现象，随之身体消瘦，甚至量按使用说明。死亡。每年4～10月为该病流行季节。4、用10mg～20mg/L的高锰酸钾药浴病鱼1h～2h。4