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广东外语外贸大学全国硕士研究生入学考试专业课试题册专业:翻译硕士考试科目:翻译硕士英语考生须知1.本试卷共16页。2.答案必须写在答题纸上,写在试题册上无效。3.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔,用其它笔作答不给分。4.考试时间为3小时,成绩满分100分。
1PartI.VocabularyandGrammar(30points,1pointforeach)Directions:AftereachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.1.Althoughshegivesbadlytitlestohermusicalcompositions,theyunusualcombinationsofmaterialsincludingclassicalmusicpatternsandrhythms,electronicsounds,andbirdsongs.A.conventional•••incorporateB.eccentrie•••deployC.traditional…excludeD.imaginative…disguise2.EventhoughthefolktalesPerroultcollectedandretoldwerenotsolelyFrenchinorigin,hisversionsofthemweresodecidedlyFrenchinstylethatlateranthologiesofFrenchfolktaleshaveneverthem.A.excludedB.admiredC.collectedD.comprehended3.Inarguingagainstassertionsthatenvironmentalcatastropheisimminent,herbookdoesnotridiculeallpredictionsofdoombutratherclaimsthattherisksofharmhaveinmanycasesbeen.A.exaggeratedB.ignoredC.scrutinizedD.derided4.Thereseemstobenothereadingpublic'sthirstforbooksaboutthe1960's:indeed,thenormallevelofinteresthasrecentlybecauseofaspateofpopulartelevisiondocumentaries.A.quenching•••moderatedB.whetting•••mushroomedC.slaking…increasedD.ignoring…transformed5.Despiteatendencytobeovertly,thepoetryoftheMiddleAgesoftensparkstheimaginationandprovideslivelyentertainment,aswellaspioussentiments.A.divertingB.emotionalC.didacticD.romantic6.OneofthefirstofreducedburninginAmazonrainforestswasthechestnutindustry:smoketendstodriveouttheinsectthat,bypollinatingchestnuttree,allowchestnutstodevelop.A.reformersB.discoveriesC.casualtiesD.beneficiaries
21.TheresearchcommitteeurgedthearchaeologisttoherclaimthatthetombshehasdiscoveredwasthatofAlexandertheGreat,sinceherinitialreporthasbeenbasedonlyon.A.disseminate•••suppositionB.withdraw•••evidenceC.undercut•••capriceD.document•••conJecture2.AlthoughHeroniswellknownforthebroadcomedyinthemoviesshehasdirectedpreviously,hernewfilmislessinclinedto:thegagsarefewerandsubtler.A.understatementB.preciosityC.symbolismD.melodrama3.Bebop'slegacyisone:bebopmayhavewonjazztherighttobetakenseriouslyasanartform,butitjazz'smassaudience,whichturnedtootherformsofmusicsuchasrockandpop.A.amixedalienatedB,atroubledseducedC.anambiguousaggrandizedD.avaluableTefined4.Theexhibitionfsimportanceliesinits:curatorshavegatheredadiversearrayofsignificantworksfrommanydifferentmuseums.A.homogeneityB.sophistryC.scopeD.farsightedness5.Despitethefactthatthecommission'sreporttreatsavitallyimportanttopic,thereportwillbereadbecauseitsproseissothatunderstandingitrequiresanenormouseffort.A.seldomtransparentB.carefullypellucidC.little,turgidD.eagerlydigressive6.CarletonwouldstillrankamongthegreatofnineteenthcenturyAmericanartevenifthecircumstanceofherlifeandcareerwerelessthantheyare.A.celebrities.obscureB.failuresillustriousC.charlatansimpeccableD.enigmasmysterious7.Althoughbasedonanactualevent,thefilmlacks:thedirectorshufflesevents,simplifiesthetangleofrelationships,anddocumentarytruthfordramaticpower.
3A.conviction..embracesB.expressiveness•••..exaggeratesC.verisimilitude,sacrificesD.realismsubstitutes1.WhenAdolphOchsbecamethepublisherofTheNewYorkTimes,heendowedthepaperwithauniquelytone,avoidingtheeditorialsthatcharacterizedothermajorpapersofthetime.A.abstruse….scholarlyB.dispassIonate•••shrillC.argumentative…tendentiousD.cosmopolitan•••timely2.Thereareasgoodfishintheseaevercameoutofit.A.thanB.likeC.asD.so3.AllthePresident'sMenoneoftheimportantbooksforhistorianswhostudytheWatergateScandal.A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.isremaining4."Youborrowmynotesprovidedyoutakecareofthem”,Itoldmyfriend.A.couldB,shouldC.mustD.can5.Ifonlythepatientadifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceiving6.Lindawastheexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.A.tostartB.tohavestartedC.tobestartingD.tohavebeenstarting7.ShefiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference.A.mustbeB.hadbeenC.couldbeD.musthavebeen8.Itisnotmuchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.A.thatB.asC.soD.very9.Thecommitteehasanticipatedtheproblemsthatintheroad
4constructionproJect.A.ariseB.willariseC.aroseD.havearisen1.Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayheimpossibletocomprehend.A.hadfoundB.findsC.hasfoundD.wouldfind2.Hewouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation,buthetoquitandfindaJobtosupporthisfamily.A.hadhadB.hasC.hadD.wouldhave3.Theresearchrequiresmoremoneythan.A.havebeenputinB.hasbeenputinC.beingputinD.tobeputin4.Overpopulationposesaterriblethreattothehumanrace.Yetitisprobablyathreattothehumanracethanenvironmenta1destruetion.A.nomoreB.notmoreC.evenmoreD.muchmore5.Itisnotuncommonforthereproblemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.A.beingB.wouldbeC.beD.tobe28.atinhisway,thesituationdoesnotseemsodesperate.A.LookingB.LookedC.BeinglookedD.Tolook29.ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliamhisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.A.willcontinueB.continuedC.continueD.continues30.Thepaintingheboughtatthestreetmarkettheotherdaywasaforgery.A.man-madeB.naturalC.crudeD.real
5PartII.ReadingComprehension(40points)Section1Muitiplechoicequestions(20points,2pointsforeach)Directions:Inthissectiontherearereadingpassagesfollowedbymultiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenwriteyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Passage1OnNewYear'sDay,50,000inmatesinKenyanjailswentwithoutlunch.Thiswasnotsomemasshungerstriketohighlightpoorlivingconditions.Itwasanextraordinaryhumanitariangesture:themoneythatwouldhavebeenspentontheirluncheswenttothecharityFoodAidtohelpfeedanestimated3.5millionKenyanswho,becauseofaseveredrought,arethreatenedwithstarvation.ThedroughtisbignewsinAfrica,affectinghugeareasofeastAfricaandtheHorn.Ifyouarereadingthisinthewest,however,youmaynotbeawareofit—themediaisnotinterestedinoldstories.Evenifyoudoknowaboutthedrought,youmaynotbeawarethatitisdevastatingonegroupofpeopledisproportionately:thepastoralists.Thereare20millionnomadicorsemi-nomadicherdersinthisregion,andtheyarefastbecomingsomeofthepoorestpeopleinthecontinent.TheirplightencapsulatesAfrica'sperennialproblemwithdroughtandfamine.Howso?Itcomesdowntothereluctanceofgovernments,aidagenciesandforeignlenderstosupporttheherders'traditionalwayoflife.Insteadtheyhavetendedtotrytoturnthemintocommercialranchersoragriculturalists,eventhoughithasbeendemonstratedtimeandagainthatpastoralistsarewelladaptedtotheirharshenvironments,andthatmovinglivestockaccordingtotheseasonsorclimaticchangesmakestheirmethodsfarmoreviablethanagricultureinsub-Saharandrylands.Furthermore,Africanpastoralistsystemsareoftenmoreproductive,intermsofproteinandcashperhectare,thanAustralian,AmericanandotherAfricanranchesinsimilarclimaticconditions.Theymakeasubstantialcontributiontotheircountries'nationaleconomies.InKenya,forexample,theturnoverofthepastoralistsectorisworth$800millionperyear.IncountriessuchasBurkinaFaso,EritreaandEthiopia,hidesfrompastoralistsfherdsmakeupover10percentofexportearnings.Despitethisproductivity,pastoralistsstillstarveandtheiranimalsperishwhendroughthits.Onereasonisthatonlyatrickle
6oftheprofitsgoestotheherdersthemselves;thelion'sshareispocketedbytraders.Thisispartlybecausetheherdersonlysellmuchoftheirstockduringtimesofdroughtandfamine,whentheyneedthecashtobuyfood,andthetermsoftradeinthissituationneverworkintheirfavour.Anotherreasonisthelackofinvestmentinherdingareas.FundingbodiessuchastheWorldBankand-USAIDtriedtoaddresssomeoftheproblemsinthe1960s,investingmillionsofdollarsincommercialbeefanddairyproduction.Itdidn'twork.Firstly,noonebotheredtoconsultthepastoralistsaboutwhattheywanted.Secondly,rearinglivestocktookprecedenceoverhumanprogress.Thepoliciesandstrategiesofinternationaldevelopmentagenciesmoreorlessmirroredthethinkingoftheircolonialpredecessors.Theywerebasedontwofalseassumptions:thatpastoralismisprimitiveandinefficient,whichledtonumerousfailedschemesaimedatconvertingherderstomodernranchingmodels;andthatAfrica'sdrylandscansupportcommercialranching.Theycannot.MostofAfrica'sherdersliveinareaswithunpredictableweathersystemsthataretotallyunsuitedtocommercialranching.Whatthepastoralistsneedissupportfortheirtraditionallifestyle.Overthepastfewyears,fundersandpolicy-makershavebeenstartingtogetthemessage.Oneexampleisinterventionbygovernmentstoensurethatpastoralistsgetfairpricesfortheircattlewhentheysellthemintimesofdrought,sothattheycanaffordtobuyfodderfortheirremaininglivestockandcerealstokeepthemselvesandtheirfamiliesalive(theprobleminAfricanfaminesisnotsomuchalackoffoodasalackofmoneytobuyit).Anotherexampleisadroughtearly-warningsystemrunbytheKenyangovernmentandtheWorldBankthathashelpedavertlivestockdeaths.Thisisallpromising,butmoreneedstobedone.SomeAfricangovernmentsstillfavourforcingpastoraliststosettle.Theyshouldheedthelatestscientificresearchdemonstratingtheproductivityoftraditionalcattie-herding.UItimately,sustainableruraldevelopmentinpastoralistareaswilldependonincreasingtrade,soonethinggoingforthemisthegrowingdemandforlivestockproducts:therewilllikelybeanadditional2billionconsumersworldwideby2020,thevastmajorityindevelopingcountries.Toensurethatpastoralistsbenefit,itwillbecrucialtogivethemagreatersayinlocalpolicies.Otherkeytasksincludegivingagreatersaytowomen,whoplaycriticalrolesinlivestock
7production.Therichworldshouldpayproperattentiontotheplightofthepastoralists.Leavingthemdependentonforeignfoodaidisunsustainableandwillleadtomoreresentment,conflict,environmenta1degradationandmalnutrition.Itisintherichworldfsintereststohelpout.31.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeconcludedfromthepassage?(A)ForcingAfrica'snomadicherderstobecomerancherswillsavethemfromdrought.(B)ThedifferencebetweenpastoralistandagriculturalistisvitaitotheAfricanpeople.(C)TherichworldshouldgivemoresupporttotheAfricanpeopletoovercomedrought.(D)Environmenta1degradationshouldbethemajorconcernindevelopingAfrica'spastoralism.32.Theword“encapsulates“inthesentenceaTheirplightencapsulatesAfrica'sperennialproblemwithdroughtandfamine.”(para.1)canbereplacedby・(A)concludes.(B)involves.(C)represents.(D)aggravates.33.WhatistheauthorrsattitudetowardAfricandroughtandtraditionallifestyleofpastoralism?(A)Neutralandindifferent,(B)Sympatheticandunderstanding.(C)Criticalandvehement.(D)Subjectiveandfatalistic.34.Whentheauthorwrites“thepoliciesandstrategiesofinternationaldevelopmentagenciesmoreorlessmirroredthethinkingoftheircolonialpredecessors.”(para.4),heimpliesallthefollowingEXCEPTthattheaidagenciesdidnot.(A)haveanobjectiveviewofthesituationinAfrica(B)understandtheunpredictableweathersysternsthere(C)feelthemselvessuperiorindecisionmaking
8(D)careaboutthedevelopmentofthelocalpeople31.Theauthor9smainpurposeinwritingthisarticleis(A)toevaluatethelivingconditionsofKenyanpastoralists(B)togivesuggestionsonthesupportofthetraditionalpastoralisminAfrica(C)toillustratethedifferencebetweencommercialranchingandpastoralism(D)tocriticizethecolonialthinkingofwesternaidagenciesPassage2Civil-Libertiesadvocatesreelingfromtherecentrevelationsonsurveillancehadsomethingelsetoworryaboutlastweek:theprivacyofthebillionsofsearchqueriesmadeonsiteslikeGoogle,AOL,YahooandMicrosoft.Aspartofalong-runningcourtcase,thegovernmenthasaskedthosecompaniestoturnoverinformationonitsusers'searchbehavior.AllbutGooglehavehandedoverdata,andnowtheDepartmentofJustice(DOJ)hasmovedtocompelthesearchgianttoturnoverthegoods.Whatmakesthiscasedifferentisthattheintendeduseoftheinformationisnotrelatedtonationalsecurity,butthegovernment'scontinuingattempttopoliceInternetpornography.In1998,CongresspassedtheChildOnlineProtectionAct(COPA),butcourtshaveblockeditsimplementationduetoFirstAmendmentconcerns.Initsappeal,theDOJwantstoprovehoweasyitistoinadvertentlystumbleuponpore.Inordertoconductacontrolledexperiment—tobeperformedbyaUCBerkeleyprofessorofstatistics-theDOJwantstousealargesampleofactualsearchtermsfromthedifferentsearchengines.Itwouldthenusethosetermstodoitsownsearches,employingthedifferentkindsoffilterseachsearchengineoffers,inanattempttoquantifyhowoften“materialthatisharmfultominorsmightappear.Googlecontendsthatsinceitisnotapartytothecase,thegovernmenthasnotrighttodemanditsproprietaryinformationtoperforinitstest."%intendtoresisttheirmotionvigorously,“saidGoogleattorneyNicoleWong.DOJspokespersonCharlesMillersaysthatthegovernmentisrequestingonlytheactualsearchterms,andnotanythingthatwouldlink
9thequeriestothosewhomadethem.(TheDOJisalsodemandingalistofamillionWebsitesthatGoogleindexestodeterminethedegreetowhichobjectionablesitesaresearched.)Originally,thegovernmentaskedforatreasuretroveofallsearchesmadeinJuneandJuly2005;therequesthasbeenscaledbacktooneweek'sworthofsearchqueries.OneoddityabouttheDOJfsstrategyisthattheexperimentcouldconceivablysinkitsowncase.Ifthebuilt-infiltersthateachsearchengineprovidesareeffectiveinblockingpornsites,thegovernmentwillhavewoundupprovingwhattheoppositionhassaidallalong-youdon'tneedtosuppressspeechtoprotectminorsontheNet."%thinkthatourfilteringtechnologydoesagoodjobprotectingminorsfrominadvertentlyseeingadultcontent,“saysRamezNaam,groupprogrammanagerofMSNSearch.ThoughthegovernmentintendstousethesedataspecificallyforitsCOPA-relatedtest,it'spossiblethattheinformationcouldleadtofurtherinvestigationsand,perhaps,subpoenastofindoutwhowasdoingthesearching."Whatifcertainsearchtermsindicatedthatpeoplewerecontempiatingterroristactionsorothercriminalactivities?^SaystheDOJ9sMiIler,massumingthatifsomethingraisedalarms,wewouldhanditovertotheproperauthorities."Privacyadvocatesfearthatifthegovernmentrequestisupheld,itwillopenthedoortofurthergovernmentexaminationofsearchbehavior.OnesolutionwouldbeforGoogletostopstoringtheinformation,butthecompanyhopestoeventuallyusethepersonalinformationofconsentingcustomerstoimprovesearchperformance."Searchisawindowintopeople'spersonal!ties,“saysKurtOpsahi,anElectronicFrontierFoundationattorney."TheyshouldbeabletotakeadvantageoftheInternetwithoutworryingaboutBigBrotherlookingovertheirshoulders.”31.WhentheAmericangovernmentaskedGoogle,AOL,YahooandMicrosofttoturnoverinformationonitsusers'searchbehavior,themaJorintentionis.(A)toprotectnationalsecurity(B)tohelpprotectpersonalfreedom(C)tomonitorInternetpornography(D)toimplementtheChildOnlineProtectionAct
1031.Googlerefusedtoturnover“itsproprietaryinformation"(para.2)requiredbyDOJasitbelievesthat(A)itisnotinvolvedinthecourtcase(B)users'privacyismostimportant(C)thegovernmenthasviolatedtheFirstAmendment(D)searchtermsisthecompany9sbusinesssecret32.Thephraseascaledbacktointhesentenceatherequesthasbeenscaledbacktooneweek'sworthofsearchqueries”(para.3)canbereplacedby.(A)maximizedto(B)minimizedto(C)returnedto(D)reducedto33.Inthesentence“OneoddityabouttheDOJ'sstrategyisthattheexperimentcouldconceivablysinkitsowncase.”(para.4),theexpression“sinkitsowncase“mostprobablymeansthat.(A)counterattacktheopposition(B)leadtoblockingofpornsites(C)provideevidencetodisprovethecase(D)givefullgroundtosupportthecase34.WhenKurtOpsahlsaysthat“TheyshouldbeabletotakeadvantageoftheInternetwithoutworryingaboutBigBrotherlookingovertheirshoulders.”(para.5),theexpression“BigBrother“isusedtoreferto.(A)afriendorrelativeshowingmuchconcern(B)acolleaguewhoismuchmoreexperienced(C)adominatingandall-powerfulrulingpower(D)abenevolentanddemoeraticorganizationSection2Answeringquestions(20points,4pointsforeach)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandthenanswerINCOMPLETESENTENCESthequestionsfollowingeachpassage.UseonlyinformationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERSHEET.
11Passage3MillionsofelderlyGermansreceivedanoticefromtheHealth&SocialSecurityMinistryearlierthismonththatstruckadamagingblowtothewelfarestate.Thestatementinformedthemthattheirpensionswerebeingcut.Thereduetionscomeasastop-gapmeasuretocontrolGermanyfsballooningpensioncrisis.Notsurprisingly,itwasanunwelcomechangeforseniorcitizenssuchasSabineWetzel,a67-year-oldretiredbankteller,whowastoldherstatepensionwouldbecutby$12.30for1%to$1,156.20amonth.“Itwasarealshock,“shesays.^Mypensionhadalwaysgoneupinthepast.”There'smorebadnewsontheway.OnMar.11,Germany'slowerhouseofParliamentpassedabillgraduallycuttingstatepensions-whichhavebeenrisingsteadilysinceWorldWarII-from53%ofaveragewagesnowto46%by2020.AndGermanyisnotalone.GovernmentsacrossWesternEuropeareracingtocurbpensionbenefits.InItaly,thegovernmentplanstoraisetheminimumretirementagefrom57to60,whileFrancewillrequirethatcivilservantsputin40yearsratherthan37.5toqualifyforafullpension.Thereformsarecoiningdespitetoughoppositionfromunions,leftistpoliticians,andpensionersfgroups.Theexplanationissimple:Europeansarelivinglongerandhavingfewerchildren.By2030therewillonlybetwoworkersperpensioner,comparedwithfourin2000.Withfeweryoungworkerspayingintothesystem,cutsarebeingmadetocoveragrowingshortfall.Thegapbetweenmoneycominginandpaymentsgoingoutcouldtop$10billionthisyearinGermanyalone."Inthefuture,astatepensionalonewillnolongerbeenoughtomaintainthelivingstandardsemployeeshadbeforetheyretired,“saysGermanHealth&SocialSecurityMinisterUllaSchmidt.SaysItalianFinanceMinisterGiulioTremonti:"Thewelfarestateisproducingtoofewcradlesandtoofewgraves.”Ofcourse,thosepopulationtrendshavebeenforecastforyears.Somecountries,suchasBritainandtheNetherlands,haverespondedbymakingindividualsandtheiremployersassumemoreoftheresponsibilityforpensions.ButmanyContinentalgovernmentsdraggedtheirfeet.Now,therapidrunupincostsisfinallyforcingthemtoact.State-fundedpensionpaymentsmakeuparound12%ofgrossdomesticproductinGermanyandFranceand15%inItaly-——twopercentagepointsmorethan20yearsago.Pensionsaccountforanaverage21%ofgovernment
12spendingacrosstheEuropeanUnion.TheU.S.SocialSecuritysystem,bycontrast,consumesjust4.8%ofGDP.TherisingcostishavingseriousrepercussionsonkeyEuropeannations'commitmentstofiscalrestraint.aGovernmentshavenochoicebuttomakepensionreformapriority,“saysAntonioCabral,deputydirectoroftheEuropeanCommissionfsDirectorateGeneralforEconomic&FinancialAffairs.Justasworrisomeisthetollbeingexactedontheprivatesector.Corporatecontributionstostatepensionsystems-whichmakeup19.5%oftotalgrosspayinGermany一一addtoEurope9salreadybloatedlaborcosts.That,inturn,bluntsmanufacturers'competitivenessandkeepsunemploymentrateshigh.AccordingtotheInstituteofGermanEconomicsinCologne,benefitcostsreachedarecord31.7%ofgrosswagesinGermanylastyear,comparedwith37.4%adecadebefore.FrenchcementmanufacturerLafargesayspensioncostof$121millioncontributedtoa9%fallinoperatingprofitslastyear.Tocope,GermanyandmostofitsEUpartnersareusingtaxbreakstoencourageemployeestoputmoneyintoprivatepensionsschemes.Butevenifprivatepensionsbecomemorepopular,Europeangovernmentswillhavetoincreaseminimumretirementagesandreducepublicpensions.Whiletoday9sseniorscomplainaboutreducedbenefits,thenextgenerationofretireesmaylookbackontheirparents'pensioncheckswithenvy.32.ParaphraseItalianFinanceMinisterGiulioTremontifsstatement“Thewelfarestateisproducingtoofewcradlesandtoofewgraves.”(para.3)33.Whatisimpliedbythelastsentenceofthepassage“Whiletoday'sseniorscomplainaboutreducedbenefits,thenextgenerationofretireesmaylookbackontheirparents'pensioncheckswithenvy."?Passage4Intheolddays,itwasalldonewithcakes.ForMarcelProust,itwasavisittoMotherfsforteaandmadeleinesthatprovidedtheaccessto“thevaststruetureofrecollection“thatwastobecomehismasterpieceonmemoryandnostalgia,^RemembranceofPastThings."Thesedays,it'snotnecessarytoevokethepast:youcan'tmovewithouttrippingoverit.Inanagezoomingforwardtechnologically,whyallthebackward
13glances?TheOxfordEnglishDictionary'sfirstdefinitionofnostalgiareads:"acutelongingforfamiliarsurroundings;severehomesickness."Withthespeedofcomputersdoublingevery18months,andthenetdoublinginsizeinabouthalfthat,nowonderwe'reachingforfamiliarsurroundings.SincethecornerstoneoftheInformationAgeischange,anythingenduringbecomesprecious."Peoplearelookingforsomethingauthentic,“saysMcLaren.Troubleis,nostalgiahassuccumbedtotrendsinmarketing,demographicsandtechnology."Nostalgiaain'twhatitusedtobe,“saysMichaelJ.Wolf,seniorpartneratBooz-Allen&HamiltoninNewYork."Thesearethenewgoodolddays.”Babyboomersformthecoreofthenostalgiamarket.Theboomers,definedbyAmericandemographersasthosebornbetween1946and1964,arelivinglongandprosperouslives.InbothEuropeandAmerica,theyremaintheHolyGrailforadmen,andtheirpasthasbecomeeveryonefspresent.Inastudyon“entertainmentimprinting,“twoAmericanmarketingprofessors,RobertSchindlerandMorrisHolbrook,askedpeopleranginginagefrom16to86whichpopularmusicfromthepasttheylikedbest.Peoplefsfavoritesongs,theyfound,tendedtobethosethatwerepopularwhentheywereabout24,withtheiraffectionforpopsongsdiminishingoneithersideofthatage.DoubtlessMicrosoftknowsaboutentertainmentimprinting,orat1eastnostalgia.ThecompanyhawksitslatestExplorertothestrainsofSimonandGarfunkel'saHomewardBound,“JustasitlaunchedWindows98tothetuneof"StartMeup"bytheRollingStones.Boomersrememberbothtunesfromtheir20s.Ifboomersareonemarketthatvaluesmemories,exilesareanother.AccordingtotheInternationa1OrganizationofMigration,morethan150millionpeoplelivetodayinacountryotherthantheonewheretheywereborn-doublethenumberthatdidsoin1965.ThismassmovementhassourcesasdireastyrannyandasluxuriousasthefreedomsofanEUpassport.Butexilesandrefugeesshareonething:homesleftbehind.Typein“nostalgia“onthesearchengineGoogle,andoneofthefirstsitesthatpopupisthenostalgiapageofTheIranian,anonlinesiteforIran'sexiles,mostofwhomfledafter1978'sIslamicrevolution.Perhapsthesavviestexploitationofnostalgiahasbeenthesecondhand-booksitealibris.com,whichfeaturesstoriesofdients'rediscoveringlong-lostbooksonit.OneJohnMasonMingswritesofthegloriesoffindingabookwithinformationon"KickapooJoyJuice,“ad
14dreadedmedicineofhisyouth.APennsylvanianwaxesoveralibris'srecoveryofhisfirst-gradeprimerDowncherryStreet."TheNetdoesnftmerelyfacilitatenostalgia—itpromotesit.Web-basedauctionhouseshavehelpedjump-startmarketsforvintageiterns,formmarblestoAppleMacintoshes.Cutting-edgetechnology,designedtobetransient,hasevenbreditsowninstanostalgia.Lastyeara$666AppleIwentfor$18,000toaBritishcollectorataSanFranciscoauction."Historic!MicrosoftMuitiplanforMacintosh”crowsoneitemoneBay'svintageApplesection.SurftoTheNetNostalgiaQuiztopuzzleoverquestionslike“Intheolddays,AltavistausedtohavewhichoneoftheseURLs?”Thosewhodonftremembertheirhistoryarecondemnedtorepeatit.Orsoentertainmentmogulshope,astheymarket’70sTVhitslike"Charlie'sAngels”andaScoobyDoo,”outnextyear,toagenerationthatcan'trememberthemthefirsttimeround.Ifyou'vemissedaPuffDaddytrackora“Sopranos“episode,panicnot.Themegahitsoftodayaredestinedtobethegoldenoldiesof2020,saysChristopherNurkoofthebrandingconsultantFutureBrand.aIguaranteeyou,Madonna'smusicwillbeusedtoselleverything,“hesays."Godhelpme,Ihopeit9snotsellinginsurance.”Itcouldbe.Whenwetrafficinthepast,nothing9ssacred.31.Explainthebeginningsentence“Intheolddays,itwasalldonewithcakes.”32.Whatistheotherbiggroupbesidesbabyboomerswhichvaluesmemories?Whatdothesepeopleshare?33.Whatis“nostalgiamarket?Whatdotheysellinthenostalgiamarket?PartIII.Writing(30points)34.Pleasereflectonthefollowingopinionandwriteanessayofabout400wordselaboratingyourviewwithawell-definedtitie.Somepeoplebelievethekeyofthereformintheeducationsystemisawell-sharedawarenessthateducationsisthere,insteadofsimply
15offeringtheknowledgeimportanttothestudents,toimprovethestudentsinanall-roundway,andespeciallytoguidethemtoacarefulponderingoversuchfundamentaiissuesaslifeitselfandsocialresponsibility.Anundueemphasisonknowledge-educationandtheresultantignoranceovertheguidancetothestudentstoaproperunderstandingoflifewillbringusnothingbutalargenumberof“memorizingmachinesWecanneverexpectagroupofyoungpeoplewellpreparedfortherealsociallife.
