译林版（2020）选择性必修四 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 练习—（含答案）

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Unit1Honestyandresponsibility练习第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASaltLakeCityTour   SaltLakeCity,UT   Utah'scapitalcityissurroundedbythemountainsoftheAmericanSouthwestontheshoresofthebreathtakingGreatSaltLake.Thecityisrichinhistoryandarchitecturebesideswonderfulscenery.   Duration(持续时间):About50Minutes   TheUtahStateCapitol   AsamemberoftheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces,theUtahStateCapitolhasbeenopeningsince1916.Decoratedwithcolumnsandadramaticdome(圆屋顶),thestyleisthesameasthefamousnationalCapitolbuildinginWashington.   Duration:About45Minutes   TheSaltLakeTemple   Thistempletook40yearstobuild,andwasopenedin1893.Itsitsin10-acreTempleSquareinSaltLakeCity,Utah,anditisapopulartouristdestinationeventhoughtheinsideisoff-limits.   Duration:About30Minutes   TheGreatSaltLake   LocatedinthenorthernpartofUtah,theLakeisthelargestsaltwaterlakeintheWesternHemisphere.Itslevelofsalinityisactuallyevenhigherthantheocean.   Duration:About1Hourand30Minutes   Departure&Return   Departure:Thefreeairportpickupisonlyavailableduring11am-6pm.PleasewaitforyourtourguideatTerminal2Door10.(thephonenumberforthepickup:626-522-6791;suggestedtips:$10)   Return:PleasescheduleflightstodepartfromSaltLakeCityInternationalAirportafter12pm.IfyouwanttoreturntoLasVegasfromSaltLakeCityonthelastday,youshallpay$20perperson.   PriceIncludes:hotelaccommodationsfor3nights   Theairportpickup&drop-off:Ifarrivingoutsidethisperiod,youshouldtakethefreeshuttletothehotelonyourown.1.Whichtakesthemosttimetovisit?A.SaltLakeCity,UT.B.TheUtahStateCapitol.C.TheSaltLakeTemple.D.TheGreatSaltLake.2.Whattimeisnotfreefortheairportpickup?A.10am.B.11am.C.2pm.D.4pm.3.WhendidTheSaltLakeTemplebegintobuild?

1A.In1840.B.In1853.C.In1916.D.In1933.B   RecentlyIwasvisitingsomewebsiteswhenIcameacrossacollectionofstrangebeachphotoswhereeveryonehadaclothwallsurroundingtheirlittlepatchofsand.Ihadneverseenanythinglikethatbefore,andIwasintrigued,soIstartedsurfingtheInternettolookforallsortsofphrasesthatmightthrowlightonthemysteryofPolishbeachseparators.   IfoundasiteonPoland'saffairsthatcoveredthis"phenomenon"quiteexactly.Accordingtothesite,beachseparatorshavebeenpartofPolishbeach-goingcultureforalongtime,buthaverecentlybeengettingalotofattentiononline,afterforeigntouristsstartedpostingphotosonsocialnetworks.   Beachseparatorsvaryinsizeaccordingtothesizeofthegroup.You'llseetinyonesonlysurroundingthespacearoundasinglebeachtowel,andgiantonesseparatingalargepartofthebeach.Theyaren'tdesignedtoprotecttheirusersawayfrompryingeyes.It'snosecretthatstrongwindsareverycommonontheshoresoftheBalticSea,sotheywereoriginallymeanttoallowbeach-goerstoenjoysunbathingwithouthavingtheirbelongingsblownawayorsandblownintheirfaces.   However,inrecentyears,peoplehavebeguncriticizingthem.Duringthesummer,beachseparatorsareplacedsoclosetoeachotherthatapersoncanhardlypassbetweenthem,letalonefindaplacetoputtheirownbeachtowels.Thiscreatesaproblemforforeigntouristsunfamiliarwiththem,whojustwantaplacetoliedownonthesand.Andthustheycaneasilycreateallkindsofconflictsduetolackofspace.Forexample,somepeopleleavethebeachforhoursbutleavetheirseparatorsinplacetomakesurethattheirspacedoesn'tgetoccupiedbysomeoneelse.   ThoughIhavevisitedafairnumberofseasideresorts(度假胜地)acrossEurope,IhopethatIwillgotovisititoneday.1.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"intrigued"inParagraph1?A.Interested.B.Satisfied.C.Terrified.D.Encouraged.2.Whydothebeach-goerssetupbeachseparators?A.Toattractothers'attention.B.Totakeagoodsunbath.C.Tokeepthemselvesinprivate.D.Toprotectthemselvesfromthieves.3.Whatarebeachseparatorsblamedfor?A.Theycauseplentyofgarbage.B.Theyfailtofunctionproperly.C.Theytakeuptoomuchspace.D.Theyareoutofplace.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.AnewPolishattraction.B.Bigchallengesonthebeach.C.AnunforgettablejourneytoPoland.D.BeachseparatorsinPoland.C   Peopleoftenthinkthatbluelightbeforebedtimecanmakeithardertosleep.It'struethatthescreensonphones,computersandtelevisionssendoutplentyofbluelight.Butifyoufocusonbluelightasamajorproblemaffectingyoursleeporyoureyehealth,it'stimetolookatitfromanotheraspect.

2   AsPhillipYuhas,aprofessorofoptometryandvisionscience,writesatTheConversation,bluelightisn'tauniquelytechnologicalevil.It'spartofsunlight.Therearestudiesinmicethathavefoundbluelightcandamagetheireyes,buttheeyesofthemicearedifferentfromours.Thepigments(色素)andthecrystallinelens(晶状体)ofoureyesactuallyblockbluelightfairlywell—soinasense,wealreadyhavebuilt-inbluelight-blockingprotection.   Addingmoreprotectionisn'tlikelytohelp,though.Youcanbuyglassesandscreenfilters(过滤器)thatblockHuelight,butYuhaspointsouttheyareprobablyawasteofmoney.Theseproductsdonotblockoutmuchbluelight.Theleadingbluelight-blockinganti-reflectivecoating,forexample,blocksonlyabout15%ofthebluelightthatscreenssendout.Youcouldgetthesamereductionjustbyholdingyourphoneanotherinchfromyourface.   TheAmericanAcademyofOphthalmologydoesn'trecommendbluelight-blockingproducts,either.Instead,ifyou'reconcernedaboutyoureyehealthoryourabilitytogettosleepontime,youalreadyknowwhattodo.Putthescreensawayatbedtime.Readabookorfindsomethingelsetodo.Whileyou'reusingscreens,takea20-secondbreakevery20minutestolookatsomething20feetaway(the"20-20-20"rule).Ifyoureyesgetdrywhenyoulookatscreensforalongtime,useeyedrops.1.Whatdopeopleoftenthinkofbluelight?A.Itismagicalandrare.B.Itisthemostpartofsunlight.C.Itisharmfultopeople'sskin.D.Itisafactoraffectingpeople'ssleep.2.WhatcanweinferfromthestudiesinParagraph2?A.Micecanseeclearlyinthedark.B.Humaneyesactuallyabsorbbluelightwell.C.Bluelightdoesnotseriouslyharmpeople'seyes.D.Humaneyesneedextraprotectionagainstbluelight.3.Whatcanweknowaboutbluelight-blockingproductsaccordingtoYuhas?A.Theyblockalittlebluelight.B.Peopleshouldbuyabetterone.C.Theyarehighlythoughtofbyexperts.D.Mostcanpreventplentyofharmfullights.4.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatWillBlueLightAffectActually?B.IsBlueLightReallyfromScreens?C.DoesBlueLightAffectPeople'sHealth?D.WhyDoesBlueLightMakeSleepingHard?D   Anewstudyfindstoomuchlightatnightcancutthenumberofseedsaplantproduces.ResearchersputupstreetlightsinSwissmeadows,farfromanyrealstreet.Thesetupmimicked(模拟)urbanlightpollution.Inthesenow-light-pollutedfields,flowershad62percentfewernightvisitors—insectpollinators(传粉者)—thantheflowersindarkmeadowsdid.   Cabbagethistlesarethemostcommonflowersinthesemeadows.Fewerinsectvisitorsatnightcouldmeanlesspollen(花粉)pollinatedfromplanttoplant(thefirststepinproducingseeds)."Forthethistles,daytimepollinatorvisitsdidn'tmakeupforthislossatnight,"saysEvaKnop,anecologistattheUniversityofBerninSwitzerland.Overall,night-litplantsproducedone-eighthfewerseedsthanplants

3thatgotfullnightsofdarknessdid.   "Lightpollutionmightaffectawholenetworkofplantsandtheirpollinators,"Knopandhercolleaguesnowsuggest.Indeed,nightpollinationisnotjustalonelybusinessforafewspecialplants.Therearelotsoflinksbetweenproductionofpollenbynightandthatbyday.Plantswithalotofnightvisitsareoftenverybusybyday,too.Lightatnightthatdecreasesseednumberscouldovertimemeanfewernewplants.Andfewerplantscouldmeanlessfoodandshelterfordaytimeinsects.Therefore,alotofpollinatorsworkingdayandnightshiftscouldbeaffected,whichiswhatKnopworriesabout.   Thenewstudyisthefirsttoshowhowartificiallightaffectsplants'abilitytoproduceseeds.Thetestisalsounusualbecauseitconsidersallkindsofinsectpollinatorsinsteadoffocusingonlyonnight-flyinginsects.Theresearcherspaidspecialattentiontothecabbagethistle,buttheyalsomappedwhichkindsofinsectsvisitedotherplantsbydayornight.1.Whywerestreetlightsputupinthemeadows?A.Tocopylightpollution.B.Topromoteurbanization.C.Toaccelerateplantgrowth.D.Toattractinsectpollinators.2.Whatcanbeinferredaboutcabbagethistles?A.Theyattractonlynightvisitors.B.Theygrowslowlyduringthenight.C.TheyarethemostcommonSwissflowers.D.Theyrelyoninsectstohelpproduceseeds.3.Lightpollutionaffectspollinators'_____.A.sightB.numbersC.growthD.foodandshelter4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Plantsattractmoreinsectsduetolightpollution.B.Night-flyinginsectsmattermorethandaytimeones.C.Lightpollutionmayaffectplants;seednumbers.D.Researchersfoundwaystoprotecttheinsects.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howtoteachkidsresponsibility   We'dalllikeourkidstodevelopintoresponsiblepeople.Howcanwehelptoensurethatourkidslearnthelessonsofresponsibility?Herearesomeideas.   Startthemdoingtaskswhenthey'reyoung.   ①_____Theycandoalotmorethanyouthinkifyou'repatientandcreative.Encouragethemtobeginatanearlyage,andthishelpsthembuildconfidenceandenthusiasmforlatertasksintheirlife.   Don'tuserewardsforyourkids.   Ifyouwantyourkidstodevelopanaturalsenseofresponsibility,theyneedtolearnwhattheydoaffectsothersnotjustthemselves.②_____   Usenaturalconsequenceswhentheymakemistakes.

4   Iftheykeeplosingtheirbaseballglovesomewhere,letthemdealwiththeconsequences.Maybetheyhavetoasktoborrowoneforthegame. ③_____ Ifyourescuethemeverytimetheymakeamistake,they'llneverlearnresponsibility.   ④_____   Thisiswherethey'lllearnitfrom.Takecareofyourstuff.Trytobeontime.They'rewatchingyouveryclosely.   Givethemanallowance(零用钱)earlyintheirlife.   Letthemmaketheirownmoneydecisionsfromanearlyage.They'lllearntheirlessonssoon.⑤_____A.Setanexampleforyourkids.B.Maybetheyhavetobuyanewoneifit'slost.C.Don'thelpthemoutiftheyrunoutofmoney.D.Trainyourkidstoberesponsibleandcareful.E.Theywon'tlearnthatiftheyfocusonwhatthey'regoingto"get".F.Youngkidshaveastrongdesiretohelpout,evenasyoungasagetwo.G.They'llpickuponthisbeliefandthey'lltendtorisetothelevelofexpectation.第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。   SatyaNadellastillremembershisinterviewquestionfrommanyyearsago,"Ababyfalls,andiscrying,whatwillyoudo?""I'llcall911."Then,hewastoldto   1   someempathy(同理心).Becauseheneedstopickthebabyupand   2   itfirstbeforehecalls.   Nadellasaysthatalthoughhedidgetthejob,the     3    helearnedfromthatinterviewquestioniscoretodoinggoodbusiness.   OneofNadella'smaintaskswhenhe     4    asMicrosoft'sCEOwastogethiskeypeopleonthesamepage.Empathywouldprove     5    tomakingthathappen.   Toillustrate,imaginethatyouwalkintoworkonedaytofindacolleague     6    aboutaproblem.Youmaythinktoyourself,"Whyaretheyalwayscomplaining?"Or,"I'vehadthatproblembefore.What'sthebig     7   ?"   Evenifyoudon't     8    thosethoughts,justthinkingthemwillmakeyoulikelytoget     9    orfrustratedwhendealingwithyourcolleague.This,ofcourse,onlymakesthesituationworseforthem—andcompletely   10    yourrelationship.       11  ,whatifyouofferedyourcolleaguea(n)   12    ear?Whenyoudothis,you'relearningtoseetheworldthroughtheeyesofothers.Yourcolleaguewillseeyouassomeonewhoisquicktoencourageandbuildup    13    teardown.Becausetheyfeel   14   ,they'llputforthmoreeffort—andwillbe    15    totryandunderstandyouthenexttimeyouneedthesametreatment.1.A.measure    B.develop    C.challenge    D.experience2.A.save    B.hug    C.pull    D.greet

53.A.answer    B.practice    C.lesson    D.skill4.A.tookover    B.gaveup    C.tookoff    D.gavein5.A.simple    B.efficient    C.harmful    D.essential6.A.arguing    B.talking    C.thinking    D.complaining7.A.deal    B.case    C.news    D.plan8.A.collect   B.read    C.clear    D.voice9.A.annoyed    B.ashamed    C.surprised   D.scared10.A.improves    B.destroys    C.handles    D.builds11.A.Inshort    B.Ingeneral    C.Incontrast    D.Inconsequence12.A.ringing    B.listening    C.burning    D.aching13.A.otherthan    B.morethan    C.betterthan    D.ratherthan14.A.recognized    B.appreciated    C.understood    D.influenced15.A.inspired    B.reminded    C.ordered    D.persuaded第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。   Oneofthepremiermedical①___________(scientist)inthe21stcenturyisZhongNanshan.Bomin1936and②___________(graduate)fromPekingUniversityHealthScienceCenter,thisordinarybutgreatmanhasbeenworkinginthemedicalfieldforover40years.Heisagooddoctorinthepatients'eyesand ③___________kindmedicalprofessorinhisstudents'aswell.   In2003,SARSbroke ④___________inChinaandacrosstheglobe.ZhongNanshannotonlyledbutalso ⑤___________(take)anactivepartinthebattleagainstSARS.Atthattimemostpeoplehadno⑥___________(nature)defenseagainstthedisease.Dangerous ⑦___________itwas,ZhongNanshanworkedhardtreatingSARSpatients.Meanwhileheunderlinedthefact ⑧___________teamworkamongnationscouldsavelives.Through ⑨___________(they)severalmonths'hardwork,ZhongNanshanandhisworkmatesachievedremarkableachievements.SoonSARS ⑩___________(wipe)out.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）某国际学校要为2022年在北京和张家口市联合举行的第24届冬季奥林匹克运动会招募志愿者。假定你是该校学生会主席李华,请你用英语写一则招募启事,内容包括:1.招募目的;2.招募要求;3.呼吁学生报名。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。VolunteerswantedWe'relookingforvolunteersfortheWinterOlympicGamestobeheldin2022._________________ 

6_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。   ItwasgoingtobemyfirstdayatRainbowMiddleSchool.Everyoneelsewascomingbackfromthewinterholiday,butIwasgoingtobenewinthisschool.   Aftergettingoutofmymother'scar,Ilookedaroundandnoticedthatkidsweregatheringaroundinthehallwayswiththeirfriends,whisperingandgiggling.Notknowinganyoneandhavingnowheretogo,Idecidedtojustwaitoutsideuntilthebellrang.   IwasstandingoutsideMrs.Everett'sclassroomreadinganovelnamedOliverTwistwhenIglancedbacktofindsomeonelookingovermyshoulder."Areyounewhere?Anyway,Iabsolutelylovethenovel!It'soneofmyfavoritenovels.Bytheway,I'mMacy!''thegirlsaid.   Iwasabouttoanswerwhenthebellcutmeoff.Ienteredtheclassroom,findingMrs.Everettsmilingandsheledmetoaseat.Aftereveryonecameinandsatdown,Mrs.Everettcalledmeuptothefrontandintroducedmetotheclass.AsIscannedtheirfaces,Inoticedthattheylookedboredanddidn'tseemtocareaboutme.Ireturnedtomyseatandlistenedtotheteacherfortherestoftheclass.   ThelunchbellrangandIgotoutoftheclassroom,checkingmybackpackformylunch.Scanningthelunchtablesinthecanteen,IwasnervouslywonderingwhereIshouldsitwhenIsawMacyapproachingme."Hey.Ifyouwant,youcancomeandsitwithus,"Macyofferedasshepointedtoapinktable.Feelinghappy,Iglancedoverwhereshewaspointingandfollowedherover.Suddenly,myshoelacewasuntiedatthatmoment.ThenIknockedintoMacyanddroppedmylunchbox.Isaidsorryandpickedupmylunchbox.Withmyheadlow,Iwasafraidtheothergirlsatthetablewouldlaughatme.注意:续写词数应为150左右。Paragraph1:   Tomysurprise,theystartedcomfortingme._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:   Afterschool, Iwaitedformymothertopickmeupattheschoolgate.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案解析

7第一部分阅读理解第一节A答案：1-3DAB解析：1.考查细节理解。根据TheGreatSaltLake部分的"Duration:About1Hourand30Minutes"并结合其他几个景点的Duration部分可知,参观TheGreatSaltLake的时间最长。故选D项。2.考查细节理解。根据Departure&Return部分的"Departure:Thefreeairportpickupisonlyavailableduring11am-6pm"可知,上午11点到下午6点免费接送(游客)。A项不在免费接送时间内。故选A项。3.考查简单计算。根据TheSaltLakeTemple部分的"Thistempletook40yearstobuild,andwasopenedin1893"可知,这座寺庙花了40年的时间才建成,于1893年开放,故其始建于1853年。B项正确。B答案：1-4.ABCD解析：1.考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"Ihadneverseenanythinglikethatbefore"以及"soIstartedsurfingtheInternettolookforallsortsofphrasesthatmightthrowlightonthemysteryofPolishbeachseparators"可知,作者因为之前从未见过这种场景,所以很感兴趣,就去网上搜索了一下。由此可知A项符合题意。intrigued“很感兴趣,好奇”。2.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"sotheywereoriginallymeanttoallowbeach-goerstoenjoysunbathingwithouthavingtheirbelongingsblownawayorsandblownintheirfaces"可知,设置沙滩分隔物的初衷是让去海滩的人享受日光浴,而不用担心自己的东西会被吹走或者沙子吹到脸上。故B项符合题意。3.考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"beachseparatorsareplacedsoclosetoeachotherthat...allkindsofconflictsduetolackofspace"可知,沙滩分隔物彼此挨太近,人们都很难通过,更别说找到地方放置自己的沙滩浴巾了。而这也很容易引起各种冲突。由此可推断出,沙滩分隔物占用了过多的空间是人们批评它们的主要原因。故C项符合题意。4.考查主旨大意。通读全文可知,本文主要围绕波兰的沙滩分隔物展开介绍,故D项符合题意。C答案：1-4.DCAC解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第一段的第一句"Peopleoftenthinkthatbluelightbeforebedtimecanmakeithardertosleep"以及最后一句"Butifyoufocusonbluelightasamajorproblemaffectingyoursleeporyoureyehealth,it'stimetolookatitfromanotheraspect"可知,人们通常认为蓝光是影响睡眠或眼部健康的主要原因。故选D。2.考查推理判断。根据第二段的最后两句可知,蓝光会对老鼠的眼睛造成伤害,而老鼠的眼睛不同于人类的眼睛,实际上人类的眼睛能够很好地阻挡蓝光。故可以推断出C项符合题意。

83.考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容尤其是"Theseproductsdonotblockoutmuchbluelight"可知,Yuhas认为这些防蓝光产品并不会阻挡太多蓝光。故选A。4.考查主旨大意。通读全文可知,文章开头以“人们通常认为睡前接触蓝光会影响睡眠状况”引人话题,进而论证蓝光是否会损害人的眼部健康以及影响人的睡眠的问题。故选C。D答案：1-4ADDC解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"ResearchersputupstreetlightsinSwissmeadows,farfromanyrealstreet.Thesetupmimicked(模拟)urbanlightpollution"可知,路灯竖立在草地上是为了模拟城市的光污染。故选A。2.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Fewerinsectvisitorsatnightcouldmeanlesspollen(花粉)pollinatedfromplanttoplant(thefirststepinproducingseeds)...thislossatnight"可知,昆虫更少可能意味着植物之间的授粉减少(授粉是结籽的第一步),对这种蓟来说,白天授粉者的造访并不能弥补晚上的损失,由此推断,这种植物依靠昆虫来帮助结籽。故选D。3.考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Lightatnightthatdecreasesseednumberscouldovertimemeanfewernewplants.Andfewerplantscouldmeanlessfoodandshelterfordaytimeinsects.Therefore,alotofpollinatorsworkingdayandnightshiftscouldbeaffected"可知,夜间的光照减少了种子的数量,随着时间的推移,这意味着新植物的减少,而更少的植物则意味着白天活动的昆虫的食物和栖身之地减少,因此影响了很多白天和晚上轮班的传粉者,由此可知光污染影响传粉者的食物和栖身之地。故选D。4.考查主旨大意。阅读全文尤其是第一段中的"Anewstudyfindstoomuchlightatnightcancutthenumberofseedsaplantproduces"可知,文章介绍了一项新研究。该研究发现夜间过多的光照会减少植物生产的种子数量。C选项最符合文章主旨。第二节答案：FEBAC解析：①根据本段标题Startthemdoingtaskswhenthey'reyoung以及下文中讲到的"如果你有耐心和创造力,他们能做的比你想的多得多"可知,空处应与下文内容衔接且话题与本段标题一致。故F项"年幼的孩子有强烈的愿望去帮助他人,即使是在两岁的时候"切题。②根据本段标题可知,本段主要谈论不要对你的孩子使用奖励。故E项"如果他们把注意力集中在他们将要'得到'的东西上,他们是不会明白这一道理的"切题。that指的是"whattheydoaffectsothersnotjustthemselves"。③根据上文中的"为了比赛也许他们不得不请求借一只"可知,空处与上一句为并列关系。故B项"如果它丢了,他们可能不得不去买一只新的"切题。④空处为本段的标题,根据下文可知,你在言行举止上要为孩子树立榜样。故A项"为孩子树立榜样"切题。

9⑤结合本段标题及空前内容可知,本段主要讲关于钱的问题。分析选项可知,C项"如果他们把钱用完了,不要帮他们摆脱困境"切题。第二部分语言知识运用第一节答案：1.B;2.B;3.C;4.A;5.D;6.D;7.A;8.D;9.A;10.B;11.C;12.B;13.D;14.C;15.A解析：1.考查动词词义辨析。句意:后来,他被告诉要有同理心。A.measure测量;B.develop培养;C.challenge挑战;D.experience体验。根据下文“Becauseheneedstopickthebabyup”可知,他被告诉要养成同理心,把孩子抱起来。故选B。2.考查动词词义辨析。句意:因为他需要在打电话之前首先把他抱起来并抱紧它。A.save救助;B.hug紧抱;C.pull拉;D.greet欢迎。根据上文“Ababyfalls,andiscrying,whatwillyoudo?”和“heneedstopickthebabyup”可知,他被告诉先把哭泣的孩子抱起来,抱紧它。故选B。3.考查名词词义辨析。句意:纳德拉说,尽管他确实得到了这份工作,但他从这个面试问题中学到的教训是做好生意的核心。A.answer答案;B.practice练习;C.lesson教训;D.skill技能。根据下文“helearnedfromthatinterviewquestioniscoretodoinggoodbusiness.”可推断,纳德拉认为从这个面试问题学到的教训是做好生意的核心。故选C。4.考查动词短语辨析。句意:当纳德拉接任微软首席执行官时,他的主要任务之一就是让他的重要人物在意见上一致。A.tookover接管;B.gaveup放弃;C.tookoff起飞;D.gavein屈服。根据下文“asMicrosoft'sCEO”可知,此处说的是他接任了微软首席执行官的职位。故选A。5.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:要实现这些,同理心被证明是极其重要的。A.simple简单;B.efficient效率高的; C.harmful有害的;D.essential极其重要的。根据上文“the     3    helearnedfromthatinterviewquestioniscoretodoinggoodbusiness”可知,纳德拉认为从面试中学到的教训是做好生意的核心,结合第一段的“hewastoldto    1    someempathy(同理心).”可推断,同理心在做生意是至关重要的,因此同理心被证明在让重要人物意见一致上也是极其重要的。故选D。6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:举例说明一下,想象一下有一天你去上班发现同事在抱怨一个问题。A.arguing争论;B.talking谈话;C.thinking认为;D.complaining抱怨。根据下文“Youmaythinktoyourself,“Whyaretheyalwayscomplaining?”Or,“I'vehadthatproblembefore.”可知,同事在抱怨问题。故选D。7.考查名词词义辨析。句意:什么大不了的?A.deal交易;事情;B.case情况;C.news新闻;D.plan计划。根据上文的两个问题““Whyaretheyalwayscomplaining?”Or,“I'vehadthatproblembefore””可推断,你认为问题没有什么大不了的。What’sthebigdeal?表示:什么大不了的?固定用法。故选A。8.考查动词词义辨析。句意:即使你不表达那些想法,只是想想他们就会让你在与同事打交道时烦恼或者沮丧。A.collect收集;B.read读;C.clear清除;D.voice表达。根据下文“justthinkingthem”可知,此处说的是你不表达那些想法,只是想想。故选D。

109.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.annoyed烦恼的;B.ashamed羞耻的;C.surprised惊奇的;D.scared恐惧的。根据下文的“orfrustrated”可知,此处选择与frustrated意思相近的词,表示那些想法很可能让你烦恼或者沮丧。故选A。10.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当然,对于他们这只会让情况更糟——完全毁掉了你们的关系。A.improves提高;B.destroys毁坏;C.handles处理;D.builds建立。根据上文“This,ofcourse,onlymakesthesituationworseforthem”可知,同事的牢骚让你想想都烦恼和沮丧,情况成为更糟糕的,结果完全毁掉了你们的关系。故选B。11.考查固定短语辨析。句意:相比之下,如果你给你的同事一个倾听的耳朵。A.Inshort简而言之;B.Ingeneral一般来说;C.Incontrast相比之下;D.Inconsequence结果。上文“Youmaythinktoyourself,“Whyaretheyalwayscomplaining?”Or,“I'vehadthatproblembefore”.”与下文“youofferedyourcolleaguea(n)   12   ear”是相对的,此处用来作比较。故选C。12.考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.ringing铃响;B.listening倾听;C.burning燃烧;D.aching疼痛。根据下文“Whenyoudothis,you'relearningtoseetheworldthroughtheeyesofothers.Yourcolleaguewillseeyouassomeonewhoisquicktoencourageandbuildup    13    teardown.”可知,如果你倾听同事的抱怨,你会学着通过别人的眼睛看世界,同事会把你看做是鼓励他人的人。故选B。13.考查固定短语辨析。句意:你的同事会把你看作是一个快速鼓励他人和让他们重拾信心的人而不是摧毁他人的人。A.otherthan除了;B.morethan多于;C.betterthan比……更好;D.ratherthan而不是。上文的“encourageandbuildup”与下文“teardown”是转折关系。故选D。14.考查动词词义辨析。句意:因为他们感到被理解,他们会付出更多努力——下次你需要同样的对待时,被鼓舞去尝试理解你。A.recognized认出;识别;B.appreciated感激;C.understood理解;D.influenced影响。根据下文“understandyouthenexttimeyouneedthesametreatment.”可知,同事感到被理解,会付出更多的努力。故选C。15.考查动词词义辨析。句意:因为他们感到受到影响,他们会付出更多努力——下次你需要同样的对待时,他们会被鼓舞去尝试理解你。A.inspired鼓舞;B.reminded提醒;C.ordered订购;命令;D.persuaded说服。根据上文“Becausetheyfeel   15   ”可推断,你鼓励了同事,同事感到被理解,更加努力,下次你需要同样的对待时,他们会被鼓舞着去理解你。故选A。第二节答案：①-⑤scientists;graduating;a;out;took;⑥-⑩natural;as/though;that;their;waswiped解析：①考查名词的数。oneof后接复数名词。故填scientists。②考查非谓语动词。动词graduate与其逻辑主语thisordinarybutgreatman之间构成主动关系,所以用现在分词短语作状语。故填graduating。③考查冠词。此处表示泛指,结合空后的kind可知应用不定冠词a。故填a。④考查固定短语。根据语境可知,此处表示2003年,SARS在中国爆发并扩散至全球。breakout意为“爆发”,符合语境,故填out。

11⑤考查动词的时态。本句中notonly...butalso...连接并列的谓语,根据led可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填took。⑥考查形容词。名词defense前应用形容词修饰。故填natural,表示“天然的”。⑦考查连词。根据语境可知,此处表示尽管危险,但钟南山努力工作,治疗SARS病人。此处形容词Dangerous位于句首构成倒装语序,所以用连词as/though引导让步状语从句。故填as/though。⑧考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导同位语从句,解释名词fact,所以用that。⑨考查代词。名词work前应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填their。⑩考查动词的时态和语态。动词短语wipeout与句子主语SARS之间是被动关系,且事情发生在2003年,所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填waswiped。第三部分写作第一节答案：VolunteersWantedWe'relookingforvolunteersfortheWinterOlympicGamestobeheldin2022.Theapplicantisrequiredtohavegoodcommunicationskills,organizationskillsandteamspirit.HavingaverygoodcommandofEnglishisamust,whichishelpfulforcommunicatingwithforeigners.It’spreferrediftheapplicantisgoodatsportsandhasrelevantexperience.Ifyouareinterested,pleasesubmityourapplicationatRoom103oftheteachingbuildingforaninterviewbythisFriday.   Anyonewhowantsachancetoofferserviceiswelcome.Lookingforwardtoyourparticipation.TheStudents'Union第二节答案：Paragraph1:   Tomysurprise,theystartedcomfortingme.SomeofthemcameuptomeandaskedifIwasOK.Oneevenkindlyofferedmeherlunch.Atthatmoment,IrealizedthatIreallyhadhadamisunderstandingofthem.Theywereveryfriendlytome.Wehadareallyhappytimehavingourlunchtogether.Paragraph2:Afterschool,Iwaitedformymothertopickmeupattheschoolgate.Mynewclassmatesallgreetedmewhentheypassedme.Macystoppedandsaidshe'dliketomakefriendswithme.Iagreedhappily,andwetalkedmuchandsurprisinglyfoundwelivedinthesamecommunity.Whenmymotherarrived,MacyandIstartedourjourneyhome,andwe'vebeengoinghometogethereverydaysincethen.