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1、PARTIIITRADITIONANDTRANSMISSIONThispageintentionallyleftblank8Vernacularknow-how(1982)WhenIwasinvitedtospeakonvernaculartechnology,ImustadmitthatIfeltthatanotherthemewouldhavebeenclosertomypersonalinterests.Forme,theproblemsofwhysocietieshavedeterminedtheformsofb
2、uildingthattheyuseseemfarmorechallenging,andultimatelymoreimportant,thanthequestionsofhow.Never-theless,theinvitationpromptedmetofocusonthoseaspectsofthesubjectwhichrelatetovernaculartechnology.Useofthetermbegsthequestionofwhatwemeanby‘vernacular’,butthiswillbedi
3、scussedelsewhere.Iwillthereforemerelystatethatforme,vernaculararchitecture–orshelter–embracestheentirefieldoftribal,folk,peasant,popularandinformalsectorurbanbuilding.Theanthropologyofshelterhasamultitudeofaspects,ofwhichthosewhichcomewithinthescopeoftechnologyar
4、eclearlyimportant.AlthoughIunderstandthatinTurkishtheequivalentfor‘technol-ogy’isbroadinmeaning,inEnglishitusuallyhasfairlylimitedappli-cations.ThewordcomesfromtheGreektekhnologiaandmeans‘thatbranchofknowledgethattreatsofthearts’(tekhnë–art)whichinapplicationrefe
5、rsto‘thescienceoftheindustrialarts’.Ithasasecond,lessfamiliardefinitioninEnglishwhichparticularlyappealstome:‘theethnologicalstudyofdevelopmentofarts’.Butinusageinarchitectureandengineeringitiscustomarytospeakoftechnol-ogyasthebuildingmethodsused(Newby,1982).Ipre
6、sumethatabroader,ratherthananarrowerdefinitionisanticipatedhere,so,usingavernaculartermtoidentifythesubjectIshallusetheword‘know-how’inthisshortdiscussion.Iwishtodiscusssomeoftheproblemsofvernacularknow-howwhichIperceive,ratherthangiveacomfortinglistofitssuccesse
7、s.Amongthesearetheissuesofaccesstoknowledge;thepassingonofinformationandskills,andthosethatarisefromspecialization.Iaminterestedinthevernacularuseofmeansforthetransformationofenergyandtheirlimitations;andinthequestionsofvernacularbuildingefficiencyandperfor-mance
8、,includingthecompromisesthatmayhavetobemade.Theintroductionof‘modern’,orbasicallynonvernacular,materialsraisesproblemsofourownperceptions,aswellasthoseinthesoc
